chapter 2 study guide

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section 1

juipero serra and eusebio kino: spanish missionary priests

samuel de champlain: french explorer, set up quebec(present day canada) trading post, fur trading

dutch founded trading colony, new netherland(present day new york)

roanoke: lost colony, island off of north carolina, colonists disappeared

virginia: first town- jamestown

charter: right to organize settlement

burgesses: representatives in virginia, house of burgesses- representative gov

pilgrims come in 1620 on mayflower

mayflower compact: first formal document for democratic gov

massachusetts: founded by puritans lead by john winthrop, non-puritans were expelled

connecticut: first written constitution by thomas hooker

rhode island: founded by puritan minister, roger williams, religion and gov completely separate, freedom of religion, safe for dissenters

toleration: acceptance of different (beliefs)

disseters: people who dissagreed with established views

new england colonies: massachuttes (maine), new hamshire, rhode island, conneticut

middle colonies: new york, pennsylvania, new jersey

southern colonies: georgia, north and south carolina, maryland, viginia

new york city: fastest growing port

persecuted: treated harshly because of beliefs or differences

persecuted quakers founded pennsylvania

william penn received land from king who owed his father

virginia: growing tobacco

maryland: act of toleration(1649), acceptance of diversity

diversity: variety

carolina: started as one colony, didn't go well, so split

georgia: where debtors could start over

debtors: people who coundnt repay debts

section 2

subsistence farming: farming just enough for family

triangular trade: trade between england(rum) - africa(slaves) - america(molasses)

cash crops: abundant crops that could easily be sold

new york and philadelphia: busiest ports

indentured servants: laborers working for passage to america

overseers: workers to keep slaves working hard

puritans, quakers, and mennonites didn't support slaves

great awakening: greater religious and political freedom

benjiman fraklin: best known scientist in colonies

charter colonies: had charter

proprietary colonies: owned by individual or small group

royal colonies: direct english control

navigation act: 1650, trade only with britian

section 3

french and indian war: 1754

proclamation of 1763: prohibited colonists moving west of the app mountains

sugar act: 1764, lowered tax on imported molasses

colonists began smuggling

stamp act: 1765, tax on all printed items, boycotted, was repealed in 1766

declatory act: 1766, parliament had rights to make all decisions

township act: 1767, taxes on only imported goods

boston massacre: march 5, 1770, crisps attucks killed

samuel adams: mass. radical leader

tea act: 1773, british east indian company had no tax, colonists did

boston tea party: 1773, dumped tea

coercive(intolerable) acts: british troops quartered

continental congress: 54 men including john adams, sam adams, patrick henry, george wahsington

resolution: formal expression of opinion

militia: citizen soldiers

minutemen: militia men who "would be ready in a min"

king george 3rd: crazy king

paul revere: and william dawes rode through lexington shouting "the regulars are out"

lexington and concord: shot heard round the world

section 4

second continential congress: govern colonies, created continental army

sent petition to king george about peace

petition: formal request

thomas paine: wrote common sense, saying why colonists should be independent

preamble: introduction, why they wish to form a new country

patriots: for independence

neutral: neutral

loyalists(torries): against independence

battle of trenton: christmas night, washington and troops crossed delaware river and won against british

saratoga: first major win, british general john burgoyne vs american general horatio gates

valley forge: camp

allies with spain and france

bernardo de galves: spanish, secured southern frontiers in us

marquis de lafayette: french, sidekick to washington

baron von steuven: trains soldiers

john paul jones: greatest naval officer

guerrilla warfare: hit-and-run technique in small packs

yorktown: british are trapped and surrender

treaty of paris: final settlement

american revolution inspired french