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Agricultural Societies

• Agricultural practices and technological innovations allowed for permanent settlements
• Trade, specialization of labor, forms of currency (stones and shells), and food surpluses
• Development of complex \governments and social and gender hierarchies

Transforming Agricultural Societies

• Food Surpluses
• Important farming tools allowed for far more land to be farmed by fewer people
• Farming and innovative tools allow for food surpluses
• Specialization of Labor : when people in a society are no longer subsistent, they are able to focus their efforts on becoming profs in a certain trade, skill, or craft
• examples - Cobbler, Scribe, Tailor, Brew master, and etc

Neolithic Cities

• Cities were small compared to today's
• Buildings were close, rarely any roads
• Dead were buried underneath house, new houses were built on the top (almost like a stake of apartments)
• Earliest city was Catalhuyuk (Modern day Turkey)
• Large Neolithic city; existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE
• All domestic, no sign of govt
• Seems to have no sign of social class or gender inequality