Test
L6 The parasympathetic nervous system and cholinergic neurotransmission
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Preguntas del test (7)
1Stimulation of the PNS is more organ specific, with discrete innervation. Ganglia are [blank_start]closer[blank_end] to the organs.
Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve endings release [blank_start]ACh[blank_end], which acts on [blank_start]nicotinic[blank_end] receptors. This is the [blank_start]same[blank_end] as the sympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve endings.
Post-ganglionic nerve endings release ACh which acts on [blank_start]muscarinic[blank_end] receptors. This is [blank_start]different[blank_end] to the sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves as they release [blank_start]catecholamines[blank_end] to act on [blank_start]adrenergic[blank_end] receptors.
Remember, muscarinic receptors give slower [blank_start]physiological[blank_end] responses.- Acloser
- BACh
- Cnicotinic
- Dsame
- Emuscarinic
- Fdifferent
- Gcatecholamines
- Hadrenergic
- Iphysiological
2Muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled. Select the muscarinic receptors which have excitatory effects through IP3, instead of inhibitory effects through cAMP.
- AM1
- BM2
- CM3
- DM4
- EM5
3M1 receptors are [blank_start]neural[blank_end], and found in the autonomic and enteric [blank_start]ganglia[blank_end], gastric [blank_start]cells[blank_end], and [blank_start]cerebral[blank_end] cortex. M2 receptors are cardiac, found in the [blank_start]SA and AV nodes[blank_end]. M3 receptors are glandular and smooth muscular innervating, and are found in [blank_start]exocrine[blank_end] glands, smooth muscle ([blank_start]GIT, eye, airways, bladder[blank_end]) and blood [blank_start]vessels[blank_end].
M4 and M5 are within the [blank_start]CNS[blank_end] only.- Aneural
- Bganglia
- Ccells
- Dcerebral
- ESA and AV nodes
- Fexocrine
- GGIT, eye, airways, bladder
- Hvessels
- ICNS
- JPNS
4Organ specific actions of the PNS:
Heart, via M2 stimulation:
• [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] SA node firing
• [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] AV node conduction
• [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] heart rate, contractility, and CO
Lungs, via M3 stimulation
• [blank_start]constrict[blank_end] bronchial muscle
• [blank_start]increase[blank_end] secretions
• [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] airway diameter
Bladder, via M3 and M2 stimulation
• [blank_start]Contraction[blank_end] of detrusor
• [blank_start]Relax[blank_end] sphincter
• Micturition reflex
These effects are opposite to the SNS.- Adecreased
- Bincreased
- Cdecreased
- Dincreased
- Edecreased
- Fincreased
- Gconstrict
- Hrelax
- Iincrease
- Jdecrease
- Kdecrease
- Lincrease
- MContraction
- NRelaxation
- ORelax
- PContract
5Muscarinic agonists mimic the action of [blank_start]ACh[blank_end] at muscarinic receptors. They are agonists at [blank_start]both[blank_end] nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, but more potent at [blank_start]muscarinic[blank_end] receptors. They have [blank_start]few[blank_end] important clinical uses, but the treatment of [blank_start]glaucoma[blank_end] is one of them. M agonists [blank_start]constrict[blank_end] the ciliary muscle for better [blank_start]drainage[blank_end] in the eye, to [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] pressure.
- AACh
- Bboth
- Cmuscarinic
- Dfew
- Eglaucoma
- Fconstrict
- Gdrainage
- Hreduce
6Muscarinic antagonists are [blank_start]parasympatholytic[blank_end] drugs and [blank_start]competitive[blank_end] antagonists. All muscarinic antagonists show similar [blank_start]peripheral[blank_end] effects. CNS effects, [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end] and seen especially in children, include restlessness, agitation, hyperactivity, and hyperthermia (from no [blank_start]sweating[blank_end]).
- Aparasympatholytic
- Bcompetitive
- Cperipheral
- Dexcitatory
- Esweating
7Cholinesterase inhibitors inhibit [blank_start]cholinesterases[blank_end] from degrading and recycling [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end], and therefore increase ACh, enhancing cholinergic [blank_start]neurotransmission[blank_end]. They inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma/butylcholinesterases about equally.
Anticholinergic toxidrome (unwanted [blank_start]side effects[blank_end] at therapeutic dose) includes mental [blank_start]confusion[blank_end], mydriasis(pupil [blank_start]dilation[blank_end] causing poor eyesight), flushed skin, dry skin, and dry mucous membranes.- Acholinesterases
- Bacetylcholine
- Cneurotransmission
- Dside effects
- Econfusion
- Fdilation
Información
- Descripción
- El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Test sobre L6 The parasympathetic nervous system and cholinergic neurotransmission, creado por Usuario eliminado el 14/04/2019.
- Autor
- Usuario eliminado
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 45
- Historial
- Creado el 14 abr 2019 · actualizado el 26 may 2019
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- Valoración
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