Electrons in Atoms

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The current model of the electrons position is mathematical.

Rutherford´s model only explained few properties of the atom. Couldn´t explain the chemical properties of the element.

Bohr changed Rutherford´s model to incorporate newer discoveries about the changes in an electron´s energy.

Each energy level has one more quantum of energy. Changes in levels emit light, explaining changes in color when an element reacts.

Bohr proposed that electrons are found only in specific circular paths (orbits).

The fixed energies of an electron are called energy levels

A quantum of energy is the amount requiered for an electron to move from one energy level to another.

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The quantum mechanical model: Orbitals s p d f

1 s orbital

3 p orbitals

5 d orbitals

7 f orbitals

2 electrons max. in each orbital

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The principal quantum number "n" equals e number of sublevels within a principal energy level.

the number of orbitaks in a principal energy level is equal to n^2

Only 2 electrons can fit in one orbital.

therefore, the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a principal energy level is given by the formula 2n^2