Erich Fromm

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Role of societal forces

mixture of Freud and Adler

Karl Marx

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Organic versus Nonorganic Drives

Organic drives: sex, hunger, thirst, defense

Nonorganic drives (character-rooted drives): not instictual, more difficult to satisfy. no innate program to ensure their fulfillment.

Need For Others: we must cooperate with others in order to survive. Our goal of securing firm social roots is best achieved through development of mature LOVE. (genuine caring for and giving to others, a respect for their right to develop in theiir own particular way and a sense of responsibility toward all humanity) Adler: social interest

Primary narcissim: unable to differentiate between ourselves and others.

Secondary narcisssim: pathogenic experiences during subsequent years

Transcendence: we need to transcend the helpless animal state and exert significant effect on our environment. we have innate tendency to achieve superiority.

Bening agression: to preserve ourselves against threat by attacking

Malignant agression: nonorganically motivated destructiveness that serves no rational defense purpose.

Identity

Frame of Orientation: A set of principles or personal philosophy that gives meaning to one's life. (biophilia: love of life) (necrophilia: love of death, nonproductive frame of orientation, combination with narcissistic and malignant agression)

Mechanism of Escape

Authoritarianism

Malignant agression

Automaton Conformity

Character Typology

Productive vs Nonproductive Frame of Orientation

Nonproductive Frame of Orientation

Receptive: the source of everything desirable is external and seeks to secure gratification by being loved and nurtured by others. Freud- oral dependents and Horney moving toward

Exploitative: good as external but try to get it with force. freud oral sadistic, horney moving against

Hoarding: horney moving away, freud anal character

Marketing: Jung overdeveloped persona: regard themselves as commodities, try to fashion a salable exteriror. then to repress their own needs for identity and self-realization to become what others want them to be.

Psychopathology

mental health: capacity for love and productive work.

Neurosis

caused by the culture which one lives in. society seeks people to make wish to do what they have to do.