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Baroque Period + Artists

Pieter Breugel

Human Folly

Tried to present himself as "man of the people"

Humanist genius

Started as a printer

Turns to painting

Goes to N. Italy

Passion for landscape

Hieronymous Bosch

Northern tradition of painting

Mysterious figure, puzzling images

Images have a satirical, moralizing tone

Art suggests he believed in ambiguity of sin

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

1571-1610

Famous for study of nature and depiction of human figures with no idealization, ie. *realism

Goes to Rome

1590

Known for unsavory characters and destructive lifestyle

1608, murders a man over a tennis match

Made a deal with the Pope to make as many paintings as he wished in order to gain forgiveness

Worked from live models

Figures were raw,immediate, palpable

Very natural painting

"Lay christianity"

No prepatory drawings

Tenebrism

"Caravasgti" = followers of Caravaggio

Artemisia Gentileschi

1593-1653

Men = dominant in art scene

Reared in Rome,trained by her father who was a Caravaggisti

At 17, raped by father's collaborator, who promised to marry her

Complicated trial, fake witnesses

Rapist was found guilty and exiled from Rome

Was married to an undistinguished painter, moved to Florence

Gained patronage of Medici family, which lead to the friendship of Galileo, became the first female of Florence's Academia de Designio

Death in 1652, renown through Europe

Never received a public commission during her career

Male patrons commissioned her to paint seduction and violence

Peter Paul Rubens

One of the 17th c.'s most prolific artists

Worked for church,govt., private patrons

Served as a court painter to the Spanish governors

Diego Velazquez

Leading painter of Counter-Reformation Spain

Sought to elevate the status of painting in Spain from a craft to a liberal art

Classically educated

Admirer of painterly style of Titian and Rubens

Famous for his painterly technique

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Baroque Regions and Overview

Flanders

Southern Catholic section of the former Netherlands under control of Spain (Hapsburg Dynasty)

Catholic church was principal patron of the arts

Holland

Dutch Republic at war with Spanish

Netherlands won independence from Catholic Spain in 1588-1609

The 17th century was known as the "Golden Age" of the Dutch Republic

International finance and cultural center with middle class

Enemies of France

Baroque Period

1600-1750

Many different Baroque styles

Italian

French

Dutch

Spanish

National boundaries

Orginated in Rome, 16th century

Protestants and Catholics originated

Interest in worldly spender than piety

Age of Theater - Tragedy, Comedy, Opera

Baroque art first art movement to span not only countries, but continents.

In 19 c., Baroque period = decadent classicism

Issac Newton's investigation of gravity, helped formulate a world view that the universe was a "mechanical" system with natural and predictable laws

Looking further into cosmos and the invisible world through telescopes and microscopes

Milton = vast and boundless deep in poem "Paradise Lost"

Patronage <---- monarchies, nations and a middle class.

Diagonally oriented compositions

"Open" space: Baroque works outside of the picture and continues through and beyond it

Emphasis on religious feeling

Art was used for purposes of religious propaganda to counter the Reformation

Interest in landscape painting

Painterly

Micro scoping detail

Dramatic highlighting

Theatricality

Baroque = "periola barroca" in Portuguese means "irregular"