Cells and Tissues
Diapositivas del conjunto (126)
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- What is the building block of living thing?
- Cells.
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- What is the headquarter of the cell?
- Nucleus.
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- What is the general material of the nucleus?
- DNA.
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- What is the abbreviation of DNA?
- Deoxyribonucleic acid.
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- What does DNA hold?
- instructions for building the body.
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- What is the DNA function?
- Building interactions for proteins and cell reproduction.
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- What are the 3 instructions of the nucleus?
- 1. Nuclear membrane
- 2. Nucleoli
- 3. Chromatin
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- What surrounds the nucleus?
- Nuclear membrane.
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- What penetrates through the fusion region of the nuclear membrane?
- Nuclear pores.
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- How many membranes are there in the nuclear membrane?
- x2.
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- What does the nucleus contain?
- nucleoli.
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- What does the nucleoli contain?
- Sites where ribosomes are assembled.
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- What is chromatin?
- Combination of DNA with protein when not used.
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- What is chromosomes?
- Combination of chromatins during cell reproduction.
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- What is the plasma membrane?
- Barrier for the cell.
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- What is the role of the plasma membrane?
- It regulates what enters and exits the cell.
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- What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
- Fluid mosaic model.
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- What does the fluid mosaic model contain?
- Phospholipid bilayer.
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- What are the 2 phospholipid bilayers?
- Hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
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- What are the proteins in the lipid bilayer responsible for?
- Completing plasma membrane functions.
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- What is the role of the proteins?
- Receptors for hormones or chemical messengers.
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- What are the two functions of proteins in the membrane?
- 1. Provides channels for water soluble.
- 2. Carrier to move substances through the membrane.
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- What are the functions of glycoproteins?
- 1. Determine your blood type..
- 2. Act as a receptor to carry bacteria, virus and toxins.
- 3. Play a role cell to cell recognition and inter reactions with other cells.
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- How many junctions in the membrane?
- x3.
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- What are the 3 junctions?
- 1. Tight junction.
- 2. Desmosomes.
- 3. Gap junctions.
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- What are tight junctions?
- Bind cells together.
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- What is the role of the tight junction?
- To prevent substances from passing through the extracellular space between cells.
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- What are desmosomes?
- Anchoring junctions scattered along the sides of abducting cells.
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- What is the role of Desmosomes?
- Prevent cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart.
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- What is gap junctions?
- Allows communication and is seen mainly in the heart.
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- What is the role of gap junctions?
- Provide communication with other cells due to a gap between 2 membranes.
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- What are the 3 main regions of the cell?
- 1. Nucleus.
- 2 Plasma membrane.
- 3. Cytoplasm.
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- What is the purpose of microvilli?
- Increases the surface area for absorption.
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- Where is the microvilli?
- Intestines and urine tract.
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- Where is the cytoplasm found?
- in-between plasma membrane and the nucleus membrane.
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- What are the 3 structures of the cytoplasm?
- 1. Cytosol.
- 2. Organelles.
- 3. Inclusions.
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- What is the function of the cytosol?
- Fluid that suspends the organelles.
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- What are the functions of organelles?
- Machinery for the cells.
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- What is the function of inclusions?
- Non-functioning units.
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- Where is the ribosomes produced?
- Nucleoli.
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- How does the ribosomes leave the nucleoli?
- Nucelar paws.
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- What is the ribosome made up of?
- Protein and RNA.
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- What are the 2 locations ribosomes are found?
- 1. Rough ER.
- 2. Free in the cytosol.
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- What is the function of Ribosomes?
- Producing protein using DNA structure.
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- How many types of ER are there?
- 1. Rough ER.
- 2. Smooth ER.
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- What is the function of ER?
- Carry substances throughout the cell.
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- What is the differences between smooth ER and rough ER?
- Rough contains ribosomes.
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- What is the function of the rough ER?
- Sites where building material are formed.
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- What is the function of smooth ER?
- Production of cholesterol, break down of fats and drugs.
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- What is the function of the golgi?
- Packaging of proteins.
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- What are the 3 types of packaging?
- 1. Secretory vesicles.
- 2. Cell membrane components.
- 3. Lysosomes.
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- What is the function of lysosomes?
- Digestion of unused material in the cell.
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- What is the function of peroxisomes?
- Breakdown of highly reactive chemicals.
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- What is the purpose of the mitochondria?
- Power house of the cell. e.g. ATP.
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- What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
- Framework of the cell.
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- What is the cytoskeleton made up of?
- Protein network through cytoplasm.
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- What is the function of centrioles?
- Provides movement for the cell.
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- What are centrioles made up of?
- Microtubules.
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- What are 2 types of transport?
- 1. Passive.
- 2. Active transport.
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- What are the difference between passive and active?
- Passive does not require energy as active requires energy.
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- What is the intercellular fluid made up of?
- Chromatin and cytosol.
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- What is the interstitial fluid?
- Fluid on the outside of the cell.
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- What is diffusion?
- Movement of high concentration to low concentration.
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- What are the 3 diffusions?
- 1. Simple
- 2. Osmosis
- 3. Facilitated
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- What is simple diffusion?
- Unassisted diffusion e.g. small ions pass the membrane paws.
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- What is osmosis diffusion?
- Diffusion of water.
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- What is facilitated diffusion?
- Substance that require protein carriers.
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- What are common types of active transport?
- 1. Bulk
- 2. Solute pump
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- What is solute pump active transport?
- Movement of substances against the concentration gradient. E..g sugar.
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- What is bulk active transport?
- Movement of large materials in and out of the cell.
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- What are 2 types of bulk transport?
- 1. Exocytosis
- 2. Endocytosis
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- What is Exocytosis?
- Movement of material outside the cell using vessels.
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- What is endocytosis?
- Substances that are enclosed in a membrane vesicle.
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- What are 2 major cell periods?
- 1. Cell division
- 2. Intervase
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- What is mitosis?
- Division of the nucleus.
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- What is cytoskeleton?
- Division of cytoplasm.
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- What happens during interphase?
- Normal cell function and cell growth.
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- What happens in prophase?
- First part of cell division.
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- What happens during metaphase?
- Chromosomes align in the centre of the cell.
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- What happens during anaphase?
- Daughter chromosomes are produced.
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- What happens during telophase?
- Daughter nuclei is formed.
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- What is genes?
- DNA building of protein.
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- What is the purpose of RNA?
- Responsible for protein production.
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- What are tissues?
- Groups of cells with simile structure and function.
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- What are 4 types of primary tissues?
- 1. Epithelium
- 2. Connective
- 3. Nervous
- 4. Muscle
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- Where are epithelium tissues found?
- 1. Body coverings
- 2. Body linings
- 3. Glandular tissues
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- What are the functions of the epithelium tissues?
- 1. Protection
- 2. Absorption
- 3. Filtration
- 4. Secretion
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- What are the characteristics of the epithelium tissue?
- 1. Tissue layer has 1 free surface
- 2. Lower surface layer is bound by a basement membrane
- 3. Avascular (has no blood supply)
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- What is simple squamous?
- A single layer of flat cells that forms membranes along the body cavities, lungs and capillaries.
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- What is simple cuboidal?
- A cube cell shape that is common in the glands and ducts. It forms walls of kidney tubules and covers the ovaries.
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- What is simple columnar?
- Tall layer cells that produces mucus (goblet cells) and lines digestive tracts.
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- What is pseudostratifed?
- Single layer cells that are for absorption and secretion. It ciliated in the respiratory tract.
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- What is stratified squamous?
- Free edge cells that are used for protection covering located in the skin, mouth and oesophagus.
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- What is transitional epithelium?
- Lines in organs of the urinary system.
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- What is the gland epithelium?
- One or more cells that secrete a particular product.
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- What are 2 major gland types?
- 1. Endocrine glands
- 2. Exocrine glands
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- What is the function of the endocrine gland?
- Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface that includes sweats and oil glands.
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- What is the function of the exocrine gland?
- Binds body surfaces together that supports the body and provides protection.
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- What are the characteristics of the connective tissue?
- It variations in blood supply.
- Some have poor bloody supply and some are well vascularised.
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- What is extracellular matrix?
- Non living material that surrounds living cells.
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- What are connective tissues?
- It is one of the 4 classes of fibrous tissues.
- 1. Epithelial
- 2. Muscle
- 3. Nervous
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- What is the connective tissue made up of?
- 1. Cells
- 2. Fibres
- 3. Extracellular matrix
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- What physical structures make up the connective tissue?
- 1. Tendons
- 2. Blood
- 3. Cartilage
- 4. Bones
- 5. Adipose tissue
- 6. Lymphatic tissue
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- What is the main protein of connective tissues?
- Collagen which is made up of white fibres.
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- What are the 3 types of fibrous tissues?
- 1. Collagen
- 2. Elastic
- 3. Reticular
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- What is the osseous tissue composed of?
- Bone cells in cavities and hard matrix calcium salts.
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- What is the function of osseous tissue?
- Protects and supports the body.
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- What is hyaline cartilage composed of?
- Abundant collagen fibres with a rubbery matrix.
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- What is the function of hyaline?
- 1. reduces friction at joints
- 2. supports bronchial and tracheal tubes
- 3. acts as a shock absorber between vertebrae.
- 4. maintains the shape and the flexibility of fleshy appendages
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- What is elastic cartilage?
- Provides elasticity.
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- What is the function of elastic cartilage?
- Great flexibility so that it is able to withstand repeated bending.
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- What is fibrocartilage?
- Consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness.
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- What is the dense connective tissue?
- Forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints.
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- What is the muscle tissue function?
- Produce movement.
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- What are 3 types of muscle tissue?
- 1. Skeletal
- 2. Cardiac
- 3. Smooth
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- What is the function of the skeletal tissue?
- Cells attach to connective tissues and has more then 1 nucleus.
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- Where is the cardiac muscle found?
- Only in the heart.
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- What is the function of the cardiac muscle?
- To pump blood.
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- What is smooth muscle?
- Involuntarily muscles.
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- What is the function of sooth muscles?
- Surrounds hallow organs and attaches to other smooth muscle cells.
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- What is tissue repair consist of?
- 1. Regeneration
- 2. Fibrosis
- 3. Determination of method
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- What is regeneration?
- Replacement of destroyed tissues by the same cells.
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- What is fibrosis?
- Repair of dense fibrosis connective tissues.
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- What is determination of method?
- Type of tissue managed and severity of the injury.
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- What are the events in tissue repair?
- 1. Capillaries become permeable
- 2. Introduce clotting proteins
- 3. Formation of granulation tissue
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- What are regeneration of tissues?
- 1. Tissues regenerate easily e.g. Epithelial, fibrous and bone.
- 2. Tissues regenerate properly e.g. Skeletal
- 3. Tissues are replaced largely e.g. Cardiac/Nervous
Información
- Descripción
- EXAM REVIEW!
- Creado por
- Dragana Stankovic · ago 2016
- Actualizado
- 10 ago 2018
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- 32
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