Test
BIOL 2P97
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Preguntas del test (91)
1CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?
- AGlycolysis
- BCitric Acid Cycle
- CConversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
- DOnly B and C are correct
2CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?
- AGlycolysis
- BCitric Acid Cycle
- CConversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
- DAll of the above.
- EOnly B and C are correct
3___________ is the primary substrate for ATP production.
- AAmino acids.
- BFatty acids.
- CGlucose.
- DFructose.
- ENone of the above.
4The energy in ATP is released during _______?
- AThe addition of an inorganic phosphate group to ADP.
- BThe hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group of ATP.
- CCatabolic reactions.
- DThe electron transport system.
- EAll of the above.
5Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6The majority of body fluid is found within the _______.
- AInterstitial fluid.
- BBlood plasma.
- CIntracellular fluid.
- DExtracellular fluid.
7Gastrointestinal tract performs:
- ADigestion.
- BAbsorption.
- CSecretion.
- DMotility.
- EAll of the above.
8Which of the following is not used to digest proteins?
- ATrypsin.
- Bchymotrypsin.
- Cpepsin.
- Damylase.
- EAll of the above are used to digest proteins.
9Secretions from the liver are stored in the ______ until food has been ingested.
- APancreas.
- BSmall intestine.
- CLarge intestine.
- DGall bladder.
- ESpleen.
10Gastric acid (HCL aka stomach acid) is produced by ________ cells of the stomach.
- AParietal Cells
- BChief cells.
- CD cells.
- DG cells.
- EMucous neck cells.
11Long-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?
- AGhrelin
- BPancreatic peptide
- CPeptide YY
- DOxyntomodulin
- ELeptin
12The storage of which of the following nutrients cause(s) water retention in the body?
- ACarbohydrates
- BProteins
- CTriglycerides
- DOnly A and B.
13Short-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?
- AGhrelin
- BPancreatic peptide
- CPeptide YY
- DOxyntomodulin
- EAll of the above
14In the absence of O2, energy in the form of ATP is primarily produced by ______.
- AGlycolysis
- BThe citric acid cycle
- CThe electron transport chain
- DThe conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- EAll of the above.
15Which of the following would be expected to increase the rate of chemical reaction?
- AIncreasing the activation energy
- BDecreasing amount of reactions available
- CIncreasing the amount of products
- DDecreasing activation energy
- ENone of the above
16Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?
- AThe activity of an enzyme can be regulated by factors present within a cell.
- BMost enzymes in humans have an optimal activity near the body's internal pH.
- CEnzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
- DAll enzymes are produced in active form.
- EAll of the above statements are correct.
17Facilitated diffusion uses ______ to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
- AEnzymes
- BCarrier protiens
- CElectron shuttles.
- DStructural proteins.
- ENone of the above.
18The majority of digestion occurs within the ______.
- AStomach.
- BSmall intestine.
- CLarge intestines.
- DEsophagus.
- EMouth.
19Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
- APolysaccharides
- BTrisaccharides
- CDisaccharides
- DMonosaccharides
- EAll of the above
20Bile salts are important for digestion of _______.
- ACarbohydrates.
- BProteins.
- CLipids.
- DAmino acids.
- ENone of the above.
21______ refers to the loss of electromagnetic energy within the electromagnetic spectrum?
- AConduction
- BConvection
- CEvaporation
- DRadiation
- ENone of the above
22Sweating utilizes which of the following mechanisms of heat loss?
- AConduction
- BConvection
- CEvaporation
- DRadiation
23Which of the following transport mechanisms moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
- ASimple diffusion
- BFacilitated diffusion
- CActive transport
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
24Primary active transport functions by taking energy via the hydrolysis of ATP, whereas secondary active transport functions by taking energy from stored ionic concentrations within the cell (aka concentration gradients).
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25______ refers to all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.
- ACatabolism
- BAnabolism
- CMetabolism
- DDigestion
- ESecretion
26The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall is the?
- AMucosa
- BSubmucosa
- CMuscularis externa
- DSerosa
- EMuscularis intera
27The myenteric plexus can be found within the
- AMucosa
- BSubmucosa
- CMuscularis externa
- DSerosa
- EMesentry
28Which of the following enzymes is produced in the stomach?
- AGastrin
- BSecretin
- CTrypsin
- DPepsin
- EAmylase
29Glucagon is produced by the ______ in the pancreas.
- AAlpha cells
- BBeta cells
- CD cells
- DG cells
- ENone of the above
30Which of the following nutrients could be used to sustain normal bodily function during months of starvation?
- AProteins
- BCarbohydrates
- CLipids
- DAll of the above
- EBoth A and B
31______ refers to the transfer of heat between two touching objects
- AConduction
- BConvection
- CEvaporation
- DRadiation
32Which of the following is not a property of carrier-mediated transport?
- ASpecificity.
- BCompetition.
- CSaturation.
- DAll of the above are properties of carrier mediated transport.
- EBoth A and B are not properties of carrier-mediated transport.
33The maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as ______.
- AHomeostasis.
- BEquilibrium.
- COsmosis.
- DDisequilibrium.
- ENone of the above.
34Which of the following processes is used to move large molecules into a cell?
- AExocytosis
- BEndocytosis
- CPhagocytosis
- DAll of the above
- EOnly B and C
35______ increases blood glucose levels during the fasted state?
- AGlucagon
- BInsulin
- CLeptin
- DNeuropeptide Y
- ENone of the above.
36Material present within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract are considered to be external to the body.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
37Glucagon is secreted by
- APancreatic alpha cells
- BPancreatic beta cells
- CStomach epithelial cells
- DIntestinal epithelial cells
- EThe hypothalamus
38Which one of the following statements about glucose homeostasis is correct?
- AInsulin is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels.
- BGlucagon is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose levels.
- CInsulin promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues.
- DGlucagon promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues .
- EDiabetes melleitus is characterized by prolonged periods of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
39Which of the following scenarios would be expected to cause weight gain.
- ADecrease in resting metabolic rate
- BIncrease in thermic effect of feeding
- CDecrease in food consumption
- DIncrease in physical activity
- ENone of the above
40Energy metabolism occurs by taking oxygen and various carbon fuels in the form of fat, protein, or carbohydrates and breaking them down into ATP.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
41_______ is an anabolic reaction that is fueled by ATP.
- ACell growth
- BCell repair
- CMaking proteins
- DDNA and RNA synthesis
- EAll of the above
42ATP production occurs through ______.
- AGlycolysis
- BCitric Acid Cycle
- CBeta oxidation
- DProtein Catabolism
- EAll of the above
43Substrate level phosphorylation is _______ .
- Adirect transfer of a phosphoryl group to ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound.
- Bthe loss of a phosphoryl group from ADP or GDP to a phosphorlyated comound.
- CDoesn't exist biologically.
44High energy electrons are stripped form macromolecules during glycolysis, CaC, and pyruvate oxidation and sent to undergo beta oxidation for additional ATP production.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
45The starting material for glycolysis includes
- Aglucose and 2 ATP
- B4 ATP and 2 glucose
- C2 ATP and 2 glucose
- Djust glucose
46The end products of glycolysis include
- A2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
- B2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, 4 NADH
- C2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 4 NADH
- D2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2
47If oxygen is available, what happens to pyruvate?
- AIt enters the mitochondria and is converted into acetycl-CoA
- BIt cannot enter the mitochondria and stays within the cytosol
- CIt enters the electron transport chain
- DIt enters the mitochondrial matrix
48The citric acid cycle will not take pyruvate on its own - it must be converted to acetyl-CoA to enter the cycle.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
49Acetyl-CoA = carrying a pyruvate.
Coenzyme A = not carrying a pyruvate.- AVerdadero
- BFalso
50When pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA an electron is taken from pyruvate to create an NADH.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
51What happens to pyruvate if O2 is not present?
- AIt is not shuttled into the mitochondria.
- BIt is converted into lactate.
- CIt enters the electron transport chain.
- DIt is dissolved.
- EBoth A and B.
52In the process of pyruvate oxidation what are processes are involved:
- ACoenzyme A and pyruvate are converted by dehydrogenase into acetyl-CoA
- BFree energy released from pyruvate joins NAD+ to create NADH.
- CCO2 is produced in the production of acetyl-CoA which must be expelled from the cell.
- DAll of the above.
53When pyruvate is converted into lactate is enters the blood and travels to the liver where it breaks down back into pyruvate - next pyruvate is broken into its substrates which form together into a 6-carbon glucose which is put back into the blood for glycolysis.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
54What are the end products of one cycle through the citric acid cycle?
- A3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 ATP
- B1 NADH, 2 FADH2, 5 CO2, 3 ATP
- CIt has to go through twice to get anything.
- D6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 2 ATP
55In the electron transport chain redox reactions fuel proton pumps that move H+ ions against their concentration gradient which drives ATP synthase within the mitochondrial matrix - this is known as the proton motive force.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
56Glycogenesis is the breakdown of fructose to create glucose.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57Where is glycogen mainly stored?
- ALiver
- BGall bladder
- CPancreas
- DSmall intestine
58Lipase breaks down triglycerides into
- A3 fatty acids and a glycerol
- B5 fatty acids and a glucose
- C3 fatty acids and a glucose
- D3 fatty acids and a glycogen
59When lipase breaks down a triglyceride what happens to its substrates?
- Aglycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids undergo beta oxidation
- Bthey all enter the blood stream and go to the liver for storage
- CAll of the above are possible.
60Beta oxidation takes a fatty acid and breaks it down into 2 carbon acyl groups. These groups are then converted into acetyl-CoA which enters the CaC.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
61Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from sugar.
Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from substrates.- AVerdadero
- BFalso
62Amino acids, glycerol, and lactate are substrates used to create glucose in glucogenesis and this occurs mainly in the liver.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
63What are the functions of the cellular membrane?
- AStructure
- BCommunication
- CPhysical Isolation
- DRegulation of Exchange
- EAll of the above
64Desmones are cytoskeletal elements (aka keratin filaments) that attached to a proteinaceious plaque on the inner surface of the cell membrane. What do they do?
- AThey allow neighbouring cells to be rigidly anchored to one another.
- BThey allow for ions to pass through.
- CThey prevent ions passing through.
- DThey weaken bonds between cells.
65What do G-protein coupled receptors do?
- AEnable communication across cellular membranes
- BDisable communication across cellular membranes
- CNone of the above
- DAll of the above
66What are the four general functions of the digestive system?
- AAbsorption, digestion, motility, secretion.
- BAbsorption, motility, secretion, endocytosis.
- CMotility, secretion, transportation, exocytosis.
- DNone of the above.
67_____ is the movement of material from the lumen, into the cells, and into the extracellular fluid.
- AAbsorption
- BSecretion
- CDigestion
- DIngestion
68Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
69The stomach is made up of the ________
- AFundus
- BBody
- CAntrum
- DLumen
70What makes up the small intestine?
- ADuodenum
- BIleum
- CJujenum
- DSecum
71What are the accessory organs?
- ALiver
- BGall bladder
- CPancreas
- DThe platypus
72Which cells neutralize chyme through the secretion of bicarbonate.
- AEpethelial cells
- BPancreatic duct cells
- CParietal cells
- DA and B
73What are the glands responsible for producing saliva within the mouth?
- AParotid
- BSublingual
- CSubmandibular
- DCricoid
- EAlveolar
74The gastric glands are made up of parietal cells, mucous neck cells, and chief cells.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
75The jujenum contains specialized structures that help protect the body from micro-organisms in food.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
76CCK is secreted to decrease gastric motility and stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes when _____ is present.
- ACarbohydrates
- BProteins
- CLipids
- DYo momma
77When _______ is present GIP and GLP-1 are released to stimulate insulin secretion.
- ACarbohydrates
- BLipids
- CProtein
- DKittens
78Secretin
- AInhibits gastric HCL secretion
- BInhibits motility
- CStimulates HCO3 secretion (bicarbonate)
- DAll of the above
79The large intestine can be divided into
- Aascending, descending, and sigmoid colon
- Bascending and descending colon
- Cascending, descending, and freudian colon
80The hepatic portal vein prevents blood sugar from spiking by manipulating incoming nutrients before they go into circulation.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
81What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?
- AEndocrine; takes materials in from the lumen
- BExocrine; takes material out into interstitial fluid
- CNone of the above
- DAll of the above
82Proteins must be broken down into peptides and amino acids for digestion and absorption.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
83Type one diabetes is an autoimmune deficiency that results in the loss of pancreatic beta cells.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
84What does protein digestion produce?
- Aoligopeptides
- Bamino acids
- Clipids
- Doligopeptides and amino acids
- Elipids and amino acids
85What are lipids absorbed as
- Amonoglycerides
- Bfatty acids
- Ccholesterol
- DNone of the above
- EAll of the above
86Lipase and co-lipase are responsible for digesting triglycerides
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
87All substrates of lipids are digested within miscelles.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
88Chylomicrons are made up of
- Afatty acids
- Bmonoglycerides
- Cfructose
- Dsucrose
- Echolesterol
- Fsome proteins
89Chylomicrons are excytosed into the blood
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
90What is lipemia?
- Awhen blood serum appears clear after a high protein meal
- Bwhen blood serum appears cloudy after a high fat meal
- Cwhen urine appears clear after a high protein meal
- Dwhen urine appears cloudy after a high fat meal
91How do chylomicrons enter the blood
- Athrough the thoracic duct
- Bthrough the portal vein
- Cthrough the aorta
- Dnone of the above
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre BIOL 2P97, creado por Kelly B el 14/04/2018.
- Autor
- Kelly B
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
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