urinary alt

1. 1Functions of the urinary system

   1. AExcretes metabolic waste
   2. Bexcretes and conserves water and solutes
   3. Cregulate acid-base balance and blood pressure
   4. Dprovides nutrients to cells
   5. Eprovides oxygen to cells
2. 2Changes in the urinary system can potentially affect the entire body.

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
3. 3cloudy or foul smelling urine is called:

   1. Apyuria
   2. Bdysuria
   3. Chematuria
   4. Dnocturia
4. 4placing a flat hand across the lower left or right portion of the back and with your other hand , make a fist and tap on the flat hand. this is called:

   1. ACVA tenderness test
   2. Bsuprapubic test
   3. CGFR
   4. Dretrograde pyelography
5. 5normal range for specific gravity

   1. A1.005-1.030
   2. B1.005-1.025
   3. C1.005-1.020
   4. D1.005-1.035
6. 6normal range for urine ph:

   1. A7.35-7.45
   2. B4.5-8.0
   3. C5.0-8.0
   4. D7.35-9.0
7. 7calculated by determining the amount of blood plasma cleared of creatinine during a specific time.

   1. Aglomerular filtration rate (GFR)
   2. Brenal clearance
   3. Curoflowmetry
   4. Dcystometrogram
8. 8What type of preparation does a abdominal x-ray (KUB) need?
   [blank_start]NONE[blank_end]

   1. ANONE
9. 9Before a intravenous pyelography (VP) ask the client about [blank_start]allergy to iodine[blank_end].

   1. Aallergy to iodine
10. 10measures volume and rate of flow

    1. Auroflometry
    2. Bcystometrogram
    3. Cintake and output

11. 11measures the pressures during filling and voiding

    1. Acystometrogram
    2. Buroflometry
    3. Ccystoscopy
12. 12a common problem seen especially in older adults; occurs when pressure within the bladder is higher than urethral resistance.

    1. Aurinary incontinence
    2. Burinary retention
    3. CUTI
    4. DRenal failure
13. 13Urinary incontinence can cause:

    1. Askin breakdown
    2. Binfections
    3. Crashes
    4. Dobstruction
14. 14contributing factors of urinary incontinence are:

    1. Apelvic muscle relaxtion
    2. Bimpaired neural control
    3. Cbladder problems
    4. Dobstructions
    5. Estrep throat
15. 15types of urinary incontinence

    1. Astress
    2. Burge
    3. Coverflow
    4. Dreflex
    5. Efunctional
    6. Fretention
16. 16occurs with sneezing, laughing, coughing.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
17. 17caused by pelvic relaxation and weakness of the urethra

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
18. 18stress incontinence contributing factors include:

    1. Amultiple pregnancies
    2. Bprostate surgery
    3. Cmenopause
    4. Ddecrease in estrogen levels
    5. Edecreased bladder capacity
    6. Fcentral nervous system disorders
19. 19involuntary loss of urine with a strong need to void.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
20. 20caused by an overactive detrusor muscle that increases bladder pressure which then causes the inability to inhibit voiding.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
21. 21Urge incontinence contributing factors include:

    1. Adecreased bladder capacity
    2. Bbladder irritation
    3. Ccentral nervous system disorders
    4. Denlarged prostate
    5. Emenopause
22. 22bladder over-distention and frequent loss of small amounts of urine.

    1. Aoverflow incontinence
    2. Bstress incontinence
    3. Curge incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
23. 23caused by overfilling and increased pressure from outlet obstruction or impaired detrusor muscle

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
24. 24overflow incontinence contributing factors include:

    1. Aenlarged prostate
    2. Bneurologic disorders or trauma
    3. Canticholinergic drug effects
    4. Dfecal impaction
25. 25loss of a moderate amount of urine occurring without any warning.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
26. 26caused by altered spinal cord activity.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
27. 27inability to get to facilities to void.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
28. 28caused by a self-care deficit that interferes with the ability to respond to the urge to urinate.

    1. Astress incontinence
    2. Burge incontinence
    3. Coverflow incontinence
    4. Dreflex incontinence
    5. Efunctional incontinence
29. 29functional incontinence contributing factors include:

    1. Alack of facilities
    2. Bprivacy or assistance
    3. Cdiuretic therapy
    4. Dsedation
    5. Eneurologic disorders
    6. Fphysical disability
    7. Gmultiple pregnancies
30. 30diagnostic test for urinary incontinence :

    1. Apost void residual urine measurement
    2. Bbladder scan
    3. Curinalysis
31. 31post-void residual /bladder scan determines how the bladder is [blank_start]emptying[blank_end]. Normal is less than [blank_start]50cc[blank_end]. [blank_start]100cc[blank_end] or greater = need more test!

    1. Aemptying
    2. B50cc
    3. C100cc
32. 32treatment for urge incontinence:

    1. Adetrol
    2. Bditropan
    3. Cestrogen
    4. Dbladder neck suspension
    5. Eprostatectomy
33. 33inhibits the detrusor muscle contractions and increases bladder capacity.

    1. Adetrol and ditropan
    2. Bestrogen
    3. Crelaxation techniques
34. 34side effects of detrol and ditropan:

    1. Adry mouth
    2. Bdry eyes
    3. Cconstipation
    4. Dconfusion
    5. Eurinary retention
    6. Fblood clots
35. 35treatment for postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis.

    1. Aestrogen
    2. Bdetrol
    3. Cditropan
    4. Dantibiotics
36. 36treatments for urinary incontinence.

    1. Adetrol and ditropan
    2. Bestrogen
    3. Cbladder neck suspension
    4. Dprostatectomy
    5. Evalsalva method
    6. Fcatherization
37. 37nursing care for Urinary incontinence.

    1. Abladder training
    2. Bkegel exercise
    3. Creduce delays in responding to assisting patients
    4. Dlimit beverages
    5. Eadminister diuretics in the AM
    6. Frun water over perineum
38. 38the bladder becomes overstretched when it cannot empty. usually caused by an obstruction or a functional problem.

    1. Aurinary retention
    2. Burinary incontinence
    3. Curinary tract infections
    4. Dglomerulonephritis
39. 39causes of urinary retention:

    1. Abenign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
    2. Bsurgery ( abdominal or pelvic surgery)
    3. Cmedications with anticholinergic effects.
    4. Dneurologic disease or trauma
    5. Evoluntary urinary retention leads to overfilling of the bladder and muscle tone loss
    6. Fmenopause
    7. Gmultiple pregnancies
40. 40anticholinergic medications:

    1. Aantianxiety drugs
    2. Bantidepressants
    3. COTC cough and cold
    4. Dallergy
    5. Esleep aids
    6. Fantibiotics
41. 41symptoms of urinary retention:

    1. Abladder insufficiently emptying
    2. Bhydronephrosis
    3. Cacute renal failure
    4. DUTI
    5. Eincontinence
    6. Ffirm, distended bladder displacement to one side
    7. Gdyurnia
    8. Hhematuria
42. 42what is caused by chronic urinary retention?

    1. Ahydronephrosis
    2. BUTI
    3. Cacute renal failure
    4. Dincontinence
43. 43treatment for urinary retention:

    1. Acrede method
    2. Bvalsalva method
    3. Cintermittent straight catherization
    4. Dremoval or repair of obstruction
    5. Edetrol and ditropan
    6. Festrogen
44. 44nursing care for urinary retention:

    1. Aprovide adequate time for voiding
    2. Bprovide privacy
    3. Cplace in comfortable position
    4. Drun warm water over perineum or run water in sink
    5. Eplace hands in water
    6. Fbladder training
    7. Gkegel exercieses
45. 45inflammation of the bladder, most common lower UTI. bladder mucosa becomes inflamed and congested with blood.

    1. Acystitis
    2. Bpyelonephritis
    3. Cglomerulonephritis
    4. Dhydronephrosis
46. 46if untreated, cystitis can then involve the kidneys. this can lead to

    1. Abacteremia
    2. Bsepsis
    3. Cshock
    4. Dchronic kidney disease
    5. Eend stage renal disease
47. 47inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. most common upper UTI. can be acute or chronic.

    1. Apyelonephritis
    2. Bcystitis
    3. Cglomerulonephritis
    4. Dhydronephrosis
48. 48risk factors for pyelonephritis are

    1. Apregnancy
    2. Bobstruction
    3. Ccongenital malformation
    4. Denlarged prostate
    5. Edecreased estrogen levels
49. 49untreated pyelonephritis can lead to

    1. Achronic kidney disease
    2. Bend stage renal disease
    3. Cpolycystic kidney disease
    4. Dkidney stones
50. 50female risk factors for UTI

    1. Ashort urethras
    2. Bfrequent use of tampons, sanitary napkins, hygiene sprays
    3. Cpregnancy
    4. Dhormonal influence in vaginal flora
    5. Efrequent baths
    6. Fdisease (DM)
    7. Ganomalies of the urinary tract, stones
51. 51the most common symptom in pyelonephritis is:

    1. Ahigh fever
    2. Bpain with urination
    3. Chematuria
    4. Dfrequency, urgency
    5. Eabdominal pain
52. 52symptoms of a UTI

    1. Ahigh fever
    2. Bpain with urination
    3. Chematuria
    4. Dfrequency, urgency
    5. Eabdominal pain radiating to back
    6. Fnausea/vomiting
    7. Gcva tenderness
    8. Hjaundice
    9. Ihemaemsis
53. 53untreated UTIs can lead to [blank_start]Urosepsis[blank_end]. which leases to [blank_start]septic shock[blank_end] and [blank_start]death[blank_end].

    1. AUrosepsis
    2. Bseptic shock
    3. Cdeath
54. 54an infection in the urinary tract that moves to the bloodstream is called

    1. Aurosepsis
    2. Bpyelonephritis
    3. Cglomerulonephritis
    4. Dnephrotic syndrome
55. 55[blank_start]sterility[blank_end] is the most important factor in preventing UTI.

    1. Asterility
56. 56UTI treatments are started [blank_start]prior[blank_end] to urine cultures.

    1. Aprior
57. 57UTI drug of choice are

    1. Abactrim
    2. Bmacrobid
    3. Ccipro
    4. Dnsaids
    5. Epyridium
    6. Fhygiene sprays
    7. Gdetrol
58. 58when giving your client bactrim instruct to

    1. Aincrease water intake
    2. Buse sunscreen
    3. Cmay turn urine orange
    4. Ddrink milk
59. 59when giving your client cipro instruct them that

    1. Ato use sunscreen
    2. Bmay turn urine orange
    3. Cincrease water intake
60. 60IV antibiotics are used in treatment of

    1. Aacute pyelonephritis
    2. Burinary retention
    3. Ccystitis
    4. Dkidney stones
61. 61medication used to relieve pain associated with UTI bladder spasms

    1. Apyridium
    2. Bbactrim
    3. Cmacrobid
    4. Dcipro
62. 62nursing instructions for taking pyridium

    1. Atake after meals to reduce GI upset
    2. Bstop med if skin or eyes appear yellow
    3. Ctake on an empty stomach
    4. Dabdominal pain is a normal side effect
63. 63in the case of catheter associated UTI, remove [blank_start]catheter[blank_end] and do a short course of [blank_start]antibiotics[blank_end].

    1. Acatheter
    2. Bantibiotics
64. 64nursing care of UTI

    1. Aencourage fluids
    2. Bencourage voiding when need is felt
    3. Cencourage emptying q 3 hours
    4. Dvoid after intercourse
    5. Eavoid excess milk, fruit juices, baking soda
    6. Flimit fluids
65. 65the leading cause of chronic kidney disease is

    1. Aglomerulonephritis
    2. Bpyelonephritis
    3. Cnephrotic syndrome
    4. Dkidney stones
66. 66an inflammatory condition that primarily affects the glomerulus that cause blood and protein to be lost. can be a primary disorder or develop into a systemic disease.

    1. Aglomerulonephritis
    2. Bpyelonephritis
    3. Cnephrotic syndrome
    4. Dhydronephrosis
67. 67s/s of glomerulonephritis

    1. Ahematuria due to damage to the capillary membranes
    2. Bproteinuria due to glomerular damage
    3. Cedema
    4. Dabdominal / back pain
    5. EHTN
    6. Fdecreased urine output
    7. Gfever
    8. Hfatigue
    9. Ijoint or muscle aches
    10. Jloss of appetite
68. 68risk factors of glomerulonephritis

    1. Astrep infection
    2. Blupus
    3. CHTN
    4. DDM
    5. Eincrease protein and NA in diet
    6. Fnausea
    7. Gfatigue
    8. Hjoint aches (arthralgia)
    9. Inocturia
69. 69symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis develop quickly [blank_start]10 to 14 days[blank_end] after initial infection. HTN and edema are more common in [blank_start]young adults[blank_end] and [blank_start]children[blank_end].

    1. A10 to 14 days
    2. Byoung adults
    3. Cchildren
70. 70Occurs when the glomerular tissues are damaged and there is a significant protein lost in the urine.

    1. Anephrotic syndrome
    2. Bacute glomerulonephritis
    3. Cchronic glomerulonephritis
    4. Dpolycystic kidney disease
71. 71follows an infection such as strep throat. most common in children.

    1. Aacute glomerulonphritis
    2. Bchronic glomernulonephritis
    3. Cnephrotic syndrome
72. 72can result from a primary kidney disorder or a systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus.

    1. Aacute glomerulonephritis
    2. Bnephrotic syndrome
    3. Cchronic glomerulonephritis
73. 73lab results indicating nephrotic syndrome.

    1. Aproteinuria
    2. Blow serum albumin levels
    3. Chigh blood lipids
    4. Dhemauria
    5. Eedema and thromboemboli are common
74. 74caused by systemic disease, kidney decrease in size and their surface becomes granular or rough. usually not surfacing until renal failure is evident.

    1. Achronic glomerulonephritis
    2. Bacute glomerulonephritis
    3. Cnephrotic syndrome
75. 75normal level of BUN

    1. A10-20
    2. B5-20
    3. C5-10
    4. D10-15
76. 76normal level creatinine

    1. A0.5-1.2
    2. B1-3
    3. C0.2-0.5
    4. D0.4-2
77. 77ASO (antistreptolysin-0) identifies:

    1. Astrep
    2. Bsedimentation rate
    3. Camount of blood plasma cleared of creatinine
    4. Drenal function
78. 78treatment for glomerulonephritis

    1. Aprednisone to reduce risk of renal failure
    2. BPCN to kill bacteria
    3. Cantihypertensive and diuretics to reduce edema and control HTN
    4. DNSAIDS
    5. ENA restricted diet
    6. Fincreased protein diet with protein lost
    7. Gdecrease protein in diet with azotemia and nephritic syndrome
79. 79risk factors for kidney stones

    1. Afamily history
    2. Bdehydration
    3. Cexcess calcium intake
    4. Dexcess oxalate intake
    5. Eexcess protein intake
    6. Fgout
    7. Ghyperparathyroidism
    8. Hhyperthyroidism
    9. Iurinary stasis
80. 80stones are masses of crystals that are formed from materials normally excreted in the urine

    1. Akidney stones (urolithiasis)
    2. Bhydronephrosis
    3. Cpyelonephritis
    4. DUTI
81. 81the most common cause of obstructed urine flow

    1. Aurolithiasis (kidney stone)
    2. BUTI
    3. Cglomerulonephritis
    4. Dprostate
82. 82s/s of kidney stones

    1. Aflank pain
    2. Bhydronephrosis
    3. Chydroureter
    4. Dabnormal urine color
    5. Eblood in urine
    6. Fchills
    7. Gfever
    8. Hnausea/vomiting
    9. Iarthralgias
83. 83primary care for kidney stones is relieving the [blank_start]pain[blank_end] and retrieving the [blank_start]stone[blank_end] or [blank_start]fragments[blank_end].

    1. Apain
    2. Bstone
    3. Cfragments
84. 84diagnostic test for kidney stones

    1. Aurinalysis (look for hematuria)
    2. BIVP or renal utrasound (location of stone)
    3. Canalysis of stone
85. 85treatment for kidney stones

    1. Anarcotic analgesic (pain relief)
    2. Bthiazide diureticts (reduce urinary calcium excretion)
    3. Cincrease fluids
    4. Dmodified diet
    5. Elithotripsy
    6. Fincrease calcium
86. 86abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces.

    1. Ahydronephrosis
    2. Bpolycystic kidney disease
    3. Cnephrotic syndrome
    4. Durolithiasis
87. 87hydronephrosis results from

    1. Aurinary tract obstructions
    2. Bbackflow of urine from the bladder
    3. Cstrep infection
    4. Dpregnancy
88. 88diagnose tests of hydronephrosis are [blank_start]ultrasound[blank_end] or [blank_start]CT scan[blank_end]. [blank_start]stents[blank_end] can be placed to keep ureters open and heal.

    1. Aultrasound
    2. BCT scan
    3. Cstents
89. 89a hereditary disease that occurs when cysts that develop in the nephrons begin to fill, enlarge and multiply causing the kidneys to enlarge. kidney tissue is destroyed. affects both children and adults.

    1. Apolycystic kidney disease
    2. Bhydronephrosis
    3. Cglomerulonephritis
    4. Durolithiasis
90. 90polycystic kidney disease is a autonormal dominate trait.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
91. 91s/s of polycystic kidney disease.

    1. Aflank pain
    2. Bhematuria
    3. Cproteinuria
    4. Dpolyuria
    5. Enocturia
    6. FUTI, stones, and HTN are common
92. 92diagnosis test for polycystic kidney disease:

    1. Acerebral angiography
    2. BCBC
    3. Curinalysis
    4. Dabdominal CT or MRI
    5. EIVP
93. 93treatment for polycystic kidney disease

    1. Afluid intake of 2000-2500cc/day
    2. Bdiuretics
    3. Clow salt diet
    4. Ddialysis
    5. Ekidney transplant
    6. Face inhibitors for HTN
94. 94kidneys are unable to remove accumulated waste products from the blood. can be acute or chronic.

    1. Arenal failure
    2. Bpolycystic kidney disease
    3. Chydronephrosis
    4. Dnephrotic syndrome
95. 95acute renal failure can be [blank_start]cured[blank_end]

    1. Acured
96. 96rapid decline with abrupt onset

    1. Aacute renal failure
    2. Bchronic renal failure
97. 97risk factors for acute renal failure

    1. Amajor trauma
    2. Bsurgery
    3. Cinfection
    4. Dhemorrhage
    5. Esevere heart failure
    6. Flower urinary tract obstruction
    7. GHTN
    8. Hreproductive function altered
98. 98most common causes of acute renal failure are ischemia and nephrotoxins

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
99. 99commonly identified by oliguria and rising BUN or creatinine levels.

    1. Aacute renal failure
    2. Bchronic renal failure
100. 100phases of acute renal failure

     1. Ainitiation
     2. Bmaintenance
     3. Crecovery
     4. Dend stage
     5. Enephrotic
101. 101this phase of acute renal failure may last hours or days .. only identified after patient has progressed

     1. Ainitiation
     2. Bmaintenance
     3. Crecovery
102. 102maintenance phase of acute renal failure has

     1. Aa sharp drop in GFR
     2. Boliguria and azotemia develop
     3. Cedema, HTN, heart failure possible
     4. Doutput decreases
     5. Ekidney function improves
     6. Fmay last up to one year
     7. Glasting one to two weeks
103. 103the recovery phase of acute renal failure:

     1. Akidney function improves
     2. Burine output and blood values improve
     3. Clast up to one year
     4. Dazotemia develop
     5. Elast one to two weeks
104. 104chronic renal failure can [blank_start]not be cured[blank_end].

     1. Anot be cured
105. 105slow and gradual destruction of the kidneys. can lay dormant and appear when kidneys can no longer excrete waste and regulate fluid and electrolyte imbalance. higher incidence in African Americans

     1. Achronic renal failure
     2. Bacute renal failure
106. 106nephrons begin to hypertrophy in an effort to compensate for lost tissue.

     1. Aacute renal failure
     2. Bchronic renal failure
107. 107s/s of renal failure

     1. Auremia
     2. Bnausea
     3. Cweakness
     4. Dfatigue
     5. EHTN
     6. Fbleeding
     7. Ginfection
     8. Hreproductive function possibly altered
     9. Iurine output of more than 30cc/hr
108. 108renal failure is the leading cause of death leading to cardiovascular disease.

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
109. 109renal failure treatment

     1. Aace inhibitors (lower BP)
     2. Blasix (reduce fluid volume)
     3. Csodium bicarb and calcium carb (electrolyte imbalance)
     4. Dkayexalate and insulin (reverses symptoms of hyperkalemia)
     5. Efolic acid and iron sup (anemia)
     6. Ffluid and Na restricted (fluid 1-2L/day)
     7. Gdialysis (last resort)
     8. Hkidney transplant (chronic)
110. 110When kidneys shut down or fail blood pressure rises, body retains fluid and decreases the number of red blood cells made. This replaces the work of the kidneys in this case.

     1. Aperitoneal dialysis
     2. Bkidney transplant
     3. Cdiuretics
111. 111instillation of fluid into the peritoneal cavity, with the peritoneum acting as filtration membrane.

     1. Apertioneal dialysis
     2. Bhemodialysis
112. 112patients who are unable to tolerate anticoagulants and those with difficult vascular access benefit from.

     1. Aperitoneum dialysis
     2. Bhemodialysis
113. 113[blank_start]peritoneal dialysis[blank_end]: a catheter is used to fill the abdomen with a dialysis solution. The [blank_start]peritoneum[blank_end] allows the wastes to pass from blood into the solution. the solution contains [blank_start]dextrose[blank_end], which pulls the waste to the abdominal cavity. the waste and extra fluid leave the abdomen when the solution is drained into the outflow bag. [blank_start]surgical asepsis[blank_end] is important.

     1. Aperitoneal dialysis
     2. Bperitoneum
     3. Cdextrose
     4. Dsurgical asepsis
114. 114complications of peritoneal dialysis

     1. Aperitonitis
     2. Binfection at access site
     3. Cprotein loss
     4. Dhyperglycemia
     5. Epoor inflow or outflow of solution
     6. Fanemia
     7. Gdisequilibruim syndrome
     8. Hhypotension
115. 115the patients blood is shunted from the body through a dialyzer and back into circulation. vascular access is needed.

     1. Ahemodialysis
     2. Bperitoneal dialysis
116. 116complications of hemodialysis

     1. Aclotting
     2. Binfection of access site
     3. Cdisequilibrium syndrome
     4. Dhypotension
     5. Eaneima
     6. Fperitonitis
     7. Gprotein loss
117. 117caused by rapid decrease of BUN and circulating fluid volume may result in IICP.

     1. Adisequilibrium syndrome
     2. Bpoor inflow or outflow of solution
     3. Cprotein loss
     4. Dhypotension
118. 118s/s disequilibrium syndrome

     1. Anausea/vomiting
     2. Bchange in LOC
     3. Cseizures
     4. Dagitation
     5. Esevere abdominal pain
     6. Fabdominal distention
119. 119with hemodialysis monitor for [blank_start]hypotension[blank_end] and [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end] for signs of anemia.

     1. Ahypotension
     2. Btachycardia

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Test sobre urinary alt, creado por Dina Romero el 12/04/2019.

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Dina Romero

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