Test
The Extracellular Matrix
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Preguntas del test (37)
1What are the two main components of extracellular matrix?
- AGlycoproteins and proteoglycans
- BFibrous proteins
- CFibroblast cells
- DPhospholipids
2Which of the following fibrous proteins are found in the extracellular matrix?
- ACollagen
- BElastin
- CKertain
- DActin
- EDystrophin
3The extracellular matrix does not contain any cells. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4What is the main function of collagen?
- AHigh tensile strength
- BHigh compressional strength
- CHigh hydrostatic pressure
- DWater solubility
5What tissue within the body contains the most collagen?
- ATendons
- BSkin
- CLungs
- DBone
- ECornea
6The structural organisation of collagen is always the same. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
7What shape does collagen form within tendons and ligaments?
- AParallel bundles
- BSpirals
- CMeshwork
8What shape does collagen form within bone?
- ASpirals
- BParallel bundles
- CMeshwork
9What shape does collagen form within cartilage?
- AMeshwork
- BSpirals
- CParallel bundles
10What is collagen's secondary structure?
- AAlpha helix
- BBeta sheet
11What type of helix does collagen typically form?
- ADouble helix
- BTriple helix
- CCompact helix
- DReverse helix
12What is notable about collagen's primary structure?
- AIt has a three amino acid repeat with glycine every third amino acid
- BIt never repeats a particular sequence of amino acids
- CIt only contains two types of amino acid
- DIt only contains amino acids with a phenyl ring
13How is type IV collagen different to the other types of collagen?
- AIt does not have regular glycines so it forms a loose helix
- BIt is water soluble
- CIt is not found within cartilage
- DIt is coded for by a gene in a different gene cluster
14Why does collagen found within cells have frayed ends?
- ATo prevent it joining with other collagen chains so it doesn't get too big
- BSo it can be packed into vesicles and moved out of the cell
- CBecause the final stage in the synthesis of collagen occurs outside of the cell, where the correct enzymes are found
- DBecause it has not yet formed its triple helix structure
15Which of the following promote extracellular matrix synthesis?
- ATransforming growth factor B (TGF-B)
- BPlatelet derived growth factor
- CGlucocorticoids
- DMatrix metalloproteinases
- EIncreased age
16What are matrix metalloproteinases?
- AEnzymes that can break down collagen
- BProteins that inhibit matrix synthesis
- CEnzymes that digest fibroblasts
17Why is collagenase, a metalloprotinase, important in development?
- AIt removes parts of the body that are not needed in adult life
- BIt prevents over-growth which can put strain on the skeletal system in later life
- CIt prevent extracellular oedema
- DIt initiates apoptosis
18What is the function of gelatinase (metalloprotinase)?
- ABreaks down fibrillar collagen
- BDenatures collagen and elastin
- CBreaks down type IV collagen, fibronectin and proteoglycans
19What is the function of stromelysin (metalloproteinase)?
- ABreaks down fibrillar collagen
- BDenatures collagen and elastin
- CBreaks down type IV collagen, fibronectin and proteoglycans
20What is the pathogenesis of scurvy?
- AThe co-enzyme needed for collagen synthesis is not prevent due to dietary insufficiency
- BCross-links cannot be formed between the collagen chains because there is no enzyme to hydroxylate amino acids
- CA metabolite of vitamin C is a transcription factor that promotes the transcription of collagen. When it is not present there is no transcription.
21Why can scurvy cause tooth loss?
- ABecause there is reduced collagen in the peridontal ligaments
- BBecause there is reduced collagen in the gums so they cannot hold onto the tooth as they normally would
- CBecause there is reduced collagen in the tooth causing it to degrade within the gum and fall out
22In which gene is there a mutation in the condition osteogenesis imperfecta?
- AType I collagen
- BType II collagen
- CElastin
- DType IV collagen
- EDystophin
23Which amino acid replaces glycine in collagen's primary structure in osteogenesis imperfecta?
- ACysteine
- BLysine
- CValine
- DAspargine
- EGlutamic acid
24Why doe the change in amino acid cause the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta?
- ABecause the collagen helix cannot form leading to bone deformities
- BBecause the collagen molecules are now water soluble
- CBecause the collagen helix now has reduced tensile strength, leading to bone and tendon deformities
- DBecause the collagen chain is terminated prematurely, causing the molecule to be small
25What is achondrogenesis?
- ALack of bone ossification due to a mutation in the gene for type II collagen
- BLack of bone ossification due to a mutation in the gene for type I collagen
- CExcessive bone ossification dues to over-expression of the type II collagen gene
26Which of the following are symptoms of ehlers-danlos syndrome?
- AHyper-mobility
- BBlood vessel rupture
- CExcessive growth
- DReduced bone ossification
- ESkin hypopigmentation
27Elastin is synthesised in a similar way to collagen. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
28What are elastin fibres wrapped in?
- AFrbrillin
- BDystrophin
- CActin
- DType IV collagen
29What type of molecule is fibrillin?
- AGlycoprotein
- BGlycosaminoglycan
- CProteoglycan
- DFibrous protein
30What is the function of fibrillin?
- AFibre integrity
- BMake the fibre insoluble in water
- CIncrease flexibility of the fibre
- DIncrease compressional strength of the fibre
- EProtect the fibre from proteases
31Which of the following inhibits the elastase enzyme?
- ATGF-B
- BA1 anti-trypsin
- CFibrillin
- DGlucocorticoids
32Collagen and elastin are laid down in vessel walls in hypertensive patients. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33What happens when collagen and elastin are laid down in blood vessel walls?
- AReduced diametre
- BIncreased wall thickness
- CIncreased vessel flexibility
- DReduced risk of rupture
34In what condition is there increase degradation of elastin within the lungs?
- APulmonary hypertension
- BEmphysema
- CAsthma
- DCOPD
- EPulmonary oedema
35What is the main symptom of cutis laxa?
- AVery lax skin
- BBlood vessels that are prone to rupture
- CSkin that is prone to rupture
- DThickened skin
36Which gene is mutated in marfans syndrome?
- AFibrillin gene
- BElastin gene
- CCollagen type IV gene
- DElastase gene
37Which of the following are symptoms of Marfan's syndrome?
- AArachnodactyly
- BAortic dilation
- CArm span longer than height
- DThickened skin
- EHypomobility of joints
- FHypopigmentation of skin
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre The Extracellular Matrix , creado por MPusey el 18/01/2015.
- Autor
- MPusey
- Idioma
- English
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