Test
PSYC 3P75
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Preguntas del test (68)
1Stress is
- AGeneral concept describing a "load" on the system, usually external, withl humans it is internal
- Bemotional reaction which elevates cognitive and physiological activity levels (positive)
2Excitement is
- Aemotional reaction which elevates cognitive and physiological activity levels (positive)
- Bargued that living things can be studied from a reductionist research strategy
3Claude Bernard argued
- Athat living things can be studied from a reductionist research strategy
- Bthat when internal constancy is upset, the organism behaves in a way to restore it (homeostasis)
4Vitalism is
- Aa primitive idea that all living things contain a vital force that makes them "living things"
- Bany disruption of the orderly workings of the body
5Hans Selye stated
- AStress is any disruption of the orderly workings of the body
- BAll states of stress are no different than being alive (we are constantly adapting to our environment physiologically)
6Hinkle stated
- AAll states of stress are no different than being alive (we are constantly adapting to our environment physiologically)
- BStress is any disruption of the orderly workings of the body
7McGrath stated
- AStress is a perceived substantial imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet demand has important perceived consequences
- BA particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well being
8Lazarus and Folkman stated
- AA particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well being
- BStress is a perceived substantial imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet demand has important perceived consequences
9Stimuli is
- ADemands upon the system for physical or cognitive productivity (negative)
- BPositive exhilarating challenging experiences of success followed by higher expectations
10Eustress is
- APositive exhilarating challenging experiences of success followed by higher expectations
- BDisappointment, failure, threat, embarrassment and other negative experiences
11Distress is
- ADisappointment, failure, threat, embarrassment and other negative experiences
- Ban specific individual response to a given stressor
12Stress Reaction is
- Aa specific individual response to a given stressor
- Ba specific problem, issue, challenge, personal conflict (External/internal)
13Stressor is
- Aa specific problem, issue, challenge, personal conflict (External/internal)
- Bthe prolonged impact of a the stressor on the system (overload), fatigue, precursor to illness
14Strain is
- Athe prolonged impact of a the stressor on the system (overload), fatigue, precursor to illness
- BThis is the biological link between psychology and health-The immune system is tremendously compromised by stress
15Psychoneuroimmunology is
- AThis is the biological link between psychology and health-The immune system is tremendously compromised by stress
- Bthe prolonged impact of a the stressor on the system (overload), fatigue, precursor to illness
16CNS (central nervous system) is
- Abrain and spinal cord
- Bcranial nerves and spinal nerves
17PNS (peripheral nervous system) is
- Acranial nerves and spinal nerves
- Bbrain and spinal cord
18Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic NS
- A- fight or flight
- promotes catabolic processes, redirects blood flow to muscle - Bcatecholamines (Epi, NE) which boosts sympathetic reflexes
- A- fight or flight
19The adrenal medulla secretes
- Acatecholamines (Epi, NE) which boosts sympathetic reflexes
- BCRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH
20Short-term stress response
- A- hypothalamicpituitary system is activated
- CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH - B- Activation restores homeostasis by temporarily shifting into a more vegetative mode
- A- hypothalamicpituitary system is activated
21Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic NS (rest and digest)
- A- Activation restores homeostasis by temporarily shifting into a more vegetative mode
- Cause a flow of internal resources away from the brain and muscles - B- hypothalamicpituitary system is activated
- CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH
- A- Activation restores homeostasis by temporarily shifting into a more vegetative mode
22The Pituitary Gland
- A- major interface between neural and endocrine tissue
- 2 sections the anterior and the posterior - Brestores homeostasis by temporarily shifting into a more vegetative mode
- A- major interface between neural and endocrine tissue
23anterior Pituitary releases
- ALuteinizing hormone (gonads) Follicle stimulating hormone (gonads)
Growth hormone (various targets) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal cortex) - BOxytocin (mammary gland, uterus) Vasopressin (kidney)
- ALuteinizing hormone (gonads) Follicle stimulating hormone (gonads)
24posterior pituitary releases
- AOxytocin (mammary gland, uterus) Vasopressin (kidney)
- BLuteinizing hormone (gonads) Follicle stimulating hormone (gonads)
Growth hormone
25The Adrenal Gland (the cortex)
- AProduce steroid hormones Aldosterone - thirst regulation - salt
Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol, corticosterone)
Metabolism, stress response
Sex steroids - androgens (testosterone), estrogens, Reproduction - BLuteinizing hormone (gonads) Follicle stimulating hormone (gonads)
Growth hormone (various targets) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal cortex)
- AProduce steroid hormones Aldosterone - thirst regulation - salt
26The Adrenal Gland (Medulla)
- AInner core of the adrenals Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Part of the stress/arousal response - BOxytocin (mammary gland, uterus) Vasopressin (kidney)
- AInner core of the adrenals Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
27The Hypothalamic PituitaryAdrenocortical System
- A- Long-term stress causes steroid changes which affect our neurochemistry, helping us cope
- temporarily inhibit digestion, reproduction, immunity, and growth to favour muscular activity and alertness - BInner core of the adrenals Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Part of the stress/arousal response
- A- Long-term stress causes steroid changes which affect our neurochemistry, helping us cope
28The Hypothalamic PituitaryAdrenocortical System2
- A- diminish the inflammatory or immune responses, reducing the body's response to infection and damage
- suppress reproductive processes in males and females (reducing sperm and disrupting the menstrual cycle) - BProduce steroid hormones Aldosterone - thirst regulation - salt
- A- diminish the inflammatory or immune responses, reducing the body's response to infection and damage
29Cortisol (in humans)
- Ais the hormone most associated with chronic stress
- BSecretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
30Cannon demonstrated that
- Ablood drawn from stressed animals can stimulate muscle preparations in the lab
- BCatecholamines all come from the amino acid tyrosine
31Blood Measures
- ACatecholamines all come from the amino acid tyrosine
- B- not that good for measuring acute stress responses
32Urinary Measures
- ALevels of catecholamines can be estimated from the urine
- not that good for measuring acute stress responses - BREA (radioenzymatic assay)
- ALevels of catecholamines can be estimated from the urine
331. Steroid
2. Protein- AHormones come in two general classes
- BLevels of catecholamines
34Examples: Catecholamines - Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
- AProtein Hormones
- BSteroid Hormones
35Examples: testosterone, estrogen, cortisol
- ASteroid Hormones
- BProtein Hormones
36Methods for measuring protein hormones
- AREA (radioenzymatic assay)
-adding a radioactive enzyme which will donate radioactivity to the hormone of interest - Busing pressured air to force the sample liquid (urine or blood) through a glass column filled with silica or sand
- AREA (radioenzymatic assay)
37HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)
- Ausing pressured air to force the sample liquid (urine or blood) through a glass column filled with silica or sand
- BREA (radioenzymatic assay)
-adding a radioactive enzyme which will donate radioactivity to the hormone of interest
381. Glomerulosa (aldosterone - salt regulation)
2. Fasciculata (cortisol - various functions)
3. Reticularis (sex steroids - inhibit reproduction)- A3 layers of The adrenal cortex
- BVenipuncture
39Cortisol has a daily rhythm
- Apeaking at about 8:00 a.m
- Bpeaking at about 10:00 a.m
40Venipuncture
- Acan cause a short-term stress response in people
- Bcan cause a relaxation in some people
41Assays are
- Alaboratory technique used to determine the amount of a particular substance in a sample
- Blab technique that uses x rays to measure blood cell size
42Antigens are
- Aanything that enters the body and is
not part of the body - Bdisease causing antigens
- Aanything that enters the body and is
43Pathogens are
- Adisease causing antigens
- Banything that enters the body and is
not part of the body
44The body’s first line of defence is
- Askin and mucous
- Bantigens
45The immune system consists of the
- Alymphatic system which contains
lymph - Bantigens
- Alymphatic system which contains
46Lymph is like blood except
- Ait does not
contain red blood cells or platelets - Bskin and mucous
- Ait does not
47The tonsils
- Atrap and kill invading
cells and particles - Bassist in the
maturation of T-cells
- Atrap and kill invading
48 thymus is located
just underneath the
sternum and it serves- Ato assist in the
maturation of T-cells - BThe tonsils
- Ato assist in the
49All cells of the immune system originate in
the- Abody
- Bbone marrow
50Humoral immunity
- A(immunity in the blood
humor – chemicals that float around in the
blood) mostly referring to antibodies - Bcells killing other
cells
- A(immunity in the blood
51Cell-mediated immunity
- Acells killing other
cells - Bmostly referring to antibodies
- Acells killing other
52Phagocytes, Lymphocytes, Macrophages
- A3 general types of cells each with
sub-specialties - BB-cells
- A3 general types of cells each with
53These cells are scavengers that patrol the body and engulf and digest antigens
- APhagocytes
- BB-cells
54These originate and mature in the bone marrow, They are involved more with humoral
immunity- AB-cells
- BB-cell lymphocytes
55produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) in response to antigens (molecules that the body sees as foreign)
- AB-cell lymphocytes
- BB-cells
56attach to the surface of bacteria, fungus, protozoa and viruses
- AAntibodies
- BB-cells
57These mature in the Thymus gland (this is why they are called “T”)
- AT-cells
- BHelper T-cells (CD4)
58they produce interleukins which speed up the production of B-cells
- AHelper T-cells (CD4)
- BT-cells
59 these help to shut off the production of B-cells when they aren’t needed.
- ASuppressor T-cells (CD8) –
- BCytotoxic T-cells
60these secrete chemicals that kill infected cells and bacteria
- ACytotoxic T-cells
- BSuppressor T-cells
61These cells seek and destroy all cells of the
body that are viral-infected or that have
cancer- ANatural killer cells
- BMacrophages
62These are the garbage men of the immune system. They clean up waste products in the aftermath of an immune cell attack
- AMacrophages
- BNatural killer cells
63- occurs during the initial exposure to an invader
- some of the sensitized B-cells and T-cells replicate but do not go into action
-They have memory- APrimary immune response
- BSecondary immune response
64- occurs during subsequent exposure to antigen
- memory lymphocytes initiate the immune response
- An attack on the antigen will occur only much faster- ASecondary immune response
- BPrimary immune response
65The immune system can be influenced by
either- Athe peripheral nervous system or
hormones - Bepinephrine and norepinephrine
- Athe peripheral nervous system or
66All lymphocytes have receptors for
- Aepinephrine and norepinephrine
- BT-cells and B-cells
67T-cells and B-cells have surface receptors for
- Aglucocorticoids (cortisol)
- Bepinephrine
68Cortisol (from adrenal cortex) inhibits
activation of- Aphagocytes (scavengers) and
macrophages (garbage collectors) - Bepinephrine and norepinephrine
- Aphagocytes (scavengers) and
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre PSYC 3P75, creado por Alethea X el 03/02/2023.
- Autor
- Alethea X
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 2
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