Prosocial Behaviour

1. 1Prosocial behaviour is:

   1. ABehaviour only intended to help oneself
   2. BBehaviour intended to help others without the expectation of reward for the effort(s)
2. 2A man sexually assaulted Kitty Genovese in 1964. There were reportedly 38 witnesses in the 30-minute span in which it had occurred. Darley and Latané (1968) highlighted that all the witnesses involved would have been aware of others that were there to see it as well. What was this effect called?

   1. AThe bystander effect
   2. BThe witness effect
   3. CThe Latané effect
3. 3According to Darley and Latané (1968), were participants more or less likely to help when the participant was alone?

   1. AMore likely
   2. BLess likely
4. 4According to Darley and Latané (1968), were participants more or less likely to help when there were up to four others involved that required additional help?

   1. AMore likely
   2. BLess likely
5. 5Was there a significant difference when it came to sex differences in the Darley and Latané (1968) study?

   1. AYes
   2. BNo
6. 6Was there a significant difference when it came to whether or not a bystander was medically qualified in the Darley and Latané (1968) study?

   1. AYes
   2. BNo
7. 7Manning (et al., 2007) criticised the Darley and Latané (1968) study. How many witnesses were there at the scene?

   1. A6
   2. B10
   3. C25
   4. DMore than 100
8. 8According to Manning (et al., 2007) did witnesses call the police after the man's initial attack (Darley and Latané, 1968)?

   1. AYes, they did
   2. BNo, they did not
9. 9According to Manning (et al., 2007) did witnesses attempt to notify the police (Darley and Latané, 1968)?

   1. AYes, they did
   2. BNo, they did not
10. 10Did Dickerson (2012) find there to be erroneous reporting in the Kitty Genovese case?

    1. AYes, they have existed for decades now
    2. BNo, it was completely verified

11. 11What do the Dickerson (2012) findings imply?

    1. AA culture of consensual, uncritical acceptance
    2. BA culture of hate and discrimination
    3. CA culture of repetition
12. 12Are the Dickerson (2012) findings largely within the realm of social psychology, or out of it?

    1. ALargely within it
    2. BLargely out of it
13. 13According to the Piliavin, Rodin, and Piliavin (1969) findings, did onlookers spontaneously help when a person collapsed on a train?

    1. AYes, 62/65 times (95.4%)
    2. BNo, 3/65 times (4.6%)
14. 14Did the proportion of people that helped a person who had collapsed spontaneously on a train differ significantly dependent on its cause?

    1. AYes, it did (eg, heart attack vs. alcoholism)
    2. BNo, it did not, people helped anyway
15. 15Can the bystander effect explain the results found by Piliavin, Rodin, and Piliavan (1969) for prosocial behaviour on a train for someone who has spontaneously collapsed?

    1. AYes
    2. BNo
16. 16In discussion of the role of attribution in prosocial behaviour, how successful was the request for notes when there was no internal attribution (eg, "Someone stole my notes at lunch break")?

    1. AA lot more successful compared to "I went to the beach"
    2. BA lot less successful compared to versions such as "My dog ate my homework"
17. 17In discussing the role of attribution in prosocial behaviour, what are the effects of being helped when a person appears inebriated (eg, drunk) or smells of alcohol?

    1. AChances are greatly reduced
    2. BChances are greatly increased
18. 18Between the two groups, who is more likely to be helped by bystanders in terms of prosocial behaviour: welfare recipients or the poor?

    1. AWelfare recipients (internal attribution)
    2. BThe poor (external attribution)
19. 19When people decide to help another person, do they go through a list of internal cognitive processes?

    1. AYes, they do
    2. BNo, it's unlikely that they do
20. 20Piliavin (et al., 1981) incorporated a model to explain prosocial behaviour. It has (a) physical or psychological arousal, (b) the attribution of the cause of arousal, and (c) a cost-benefit analysis - or diffusion of responsibility. What is the made of the model?

    1. AThe Arousal Cost-Reward Model
    2. BThe Cost Attribution Model
    3. CThe Prosocial Attribution Model
21. 21According to Piliavin (et al., 1981), participants perceive a situation to be more or less costly when others are involved?

    1. AMore costly
    2. BLess costly
22. 22In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What were the arousal levels of the non-reporting participants?

    1. AThey were more emotionally aroused
    2. BThey were less emotionally aroused
23. 23In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What happened to the non-responding participants?

    1. AThey acted quickly and reported it
    2. BThey were very indecisive
24. 24In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What happened to the participants that were indecisive?

    1. AThe cost of not helping gradually reduced and the conflict became acute
    2. BThe cost of not helping was increased and the conflict became reduced
25. 25A criticism of prosocial behaviour explanations in terms of its focus is that:

    1. AIt is too individualistic
    2. BIt is not individualistic enough
26. 26Do prosocial behaviour explanations account for groups or the socially-constructed natures of prosocial behaviour?

    1. AYes, they do account for that
    2. BNo, they do not account for that in local interactional contexts (eg, arguments) or wider sociocultural contexts (eg, ideologies)
27. 27Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when participants encountered a jogger that had hurt their ankle when running?

    1. AParticipants were more likely to help if they were wearing a shirt of their preferred team (92%)
    2. BParticipants were less likely to help if they were wearing a shirt of their preferred team (8%)
28. 28Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed as a supporter of their own team?

    1. AThey helped the most (80%)
    2. BThey did not help the most (20%)
29. 29Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed as supporters of a different team to the participants?

    1. AThey helped them (70%)
    2. BThey didn't help them (30%)
30. 30Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed without a football shirt on?

    1. AThey did help
    2. BThey didn't help (20%)
31. 31According to Levine (et al., 2005) what effect does the perception of common group perception and attitudes have on prosocial behaviour?

    1. ACommon group membership increases the likelihood of prosocial behaviour
    2. BCommon group membership does not necessarily increase the likelihood of prosocial behaviour
32. 32According to the Levine (et al., 2005) findings, do relevant group identities need to become more active or salient during specific times for prosocial behaviour to become more plausible?

    1. AYes, it does
    2. BNo, it does not
33. 33What did Saucier, Miller, and Doucet (2005) find in their 31-study review of the levels of prosocial behaviour between black and white students?

    1. AWhite students were less likely to help black students
    2. BWhite students were more likely to help black students
34. 34Do the findings by Saucier, Miller, and Doucet (2005) highlight both racism and ingroup-outgroup mentalities?

    1. AYes, they do
    2. BNo, they do not
35. 35According to the social constructionist perspective, are the descriptors of prosocial behaviour accurate? Furthermore, can they be used by anyone?

    1. AYes, they can comprise of all realities
    2. BNo, they are not direct representations of reality, only one of many
36. 36Does the overly individualistic focus on prosocial behaviour neglect localised interactional context in which attributions are made?

    1. AYes, they do
    2. BNo, they don't
37. 37According to Dickerson (2012), if the attributions through explanatory talk are being used to justify certain behaviours in a certain light, can they be treated as direct or straightforward representations?

    1. AYes, they can
    2. BNo, they cannot
38. 38Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. According to Cherry (1995):

    1. AWidespread abuse of women during the 1960s was largely ignored and the police were reticent to intervene
    2. BThere is too much conflicting evidence to suggest that there was a salient culture on domestic abuse during the 1960s
39. 39Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. Can giving money to homeless people be constructed differently depending on where you are?

    1. ANo, because giving money to the homeless is universally seen as a good thing
    2. BYes, because not everyone everywhere sees homeless people in the same way - largely because of sociopolitical cultures
40. 40Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. Were the "good samaritans" of the 1930s really prosocial?

    1. AYes, they were
    2. BNo, the only thought that they were good people at the time because of the sociopolitical context (eg, Nazi government in Germany during the World War)
41. 41Foucault mentioned that psychology researchers' constructions may be upholding particular ideologies. If we construct psychology as "neutral" or "value-free", could we be subtly reinforcing and legitimising oppressive attitudes (eg, racism, sexism)?

    1. AYes, we could be
    2. BNo, I do not think so
42. 42Burr (2006) noted how psychology constructs itself as "neutral" or "value-free". For example, it highlights variables, uses scientific jargon, is written in third-person, and does not reflect on social influences in its research. Does this construction distract from the researcher's own personal interests?

    1. AYes, because they don't believe them to be necessary
    2. BNo, because they are being objective
43. 43Did Darley and Latané (1968) omit a crucial item of information in the Kitty Genovese case, according to Cherry (1995), in which a man was attacking a woman?

    1. AYes, they did
    2. BNo, they did not
44. 44According to Cherry (1995) in regards to the Darley and Latané (1968) study on Kitty Genovese, was this a neutral thing to do?

    1. AYes, it was at the time
    2. BNo, because ignoring social norms is a subtle acceptance and upholding of oppressive attitudes
45. 45Did Darley and Latané (1968) believe that they were contributing to research that now believes crowds facilitate antisocial behaviour?

    1. AYes, they did believe that
    2. BNo, they did not believe that
46. 46Burr (2006) suggested two ways that psychologists can use to avoid subtly reinforcing oppressive attitudes. One of them is:

    1. ABy not using qualitative methods with holistic understandings of meanings that the events hold in a number of contexts
    2. BBy using qualitative methods with holistic understandings of meaning that the events hold in a number of contexts (eg, where the research started)
47. 47Burr (2006) suggested two ways that psychologists can use to avoid subtly reinforcing oppressive attitudes. Another way is to:

    1. ANot employ "constant reflexivity" where sociocultural assumptions and biases do not underlie research and could not be critiqued in the future
    2. BEmploy "constant reflexivity" where sociocultural assumptions and biases do underlie research and are open to critique in the future

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(Finished ) social saved Test sobre Prosocial Behaviour, creado por murat sertay el 15/08/2016.

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