Chapter 5 Notes

1. 1A candidate who runs in a general election without party endorsement or selection.

   1. AIndependent candidate
   2. BWhite primary
   3. CSound bite
2. 2A brief statement of a candidate's thee communicated by radio or television in a few seconds.

   1. ASound bite
   2. BTexas Election Code
   3. CGerrymandering
3. 3An organizational device used by corporations, labor unions, and other organizations to raise money for campaign contributions.

   1. APolitical action committee (PAC)
   2. BTexas Ethics Commission
   3. CCampaign Reform Act
4. 4A state agency that enforces states standards for lobbyists and public officials, including registration of lobbyists and reporting of political campaign contributions.

   1. ATexas Ethics Commission
   2. BSuper PAC
   3. CHard money
5. 5Enacted by the U.S. Congress and signed by President George W. Bush in 2002, this law restricts donations of "soft money" and "hard money" for election campaigns, but its effect has been limited by federal court decisions.

   1. AIndependent expenditures
   2. BCampaign Reform Act
   3. CEarly voting
6. 6Unregulated political donations made to national political parties or independent expenditures on behalf of candidate.

   1. ASoft money
   2. BHard money
   3. CSuper PAC
7. 7Campaign money donated directly to candidates or political parties and restricted in amount by federal law.

   1. AHard money
   2. BSoft money
   3. CSuper PAC
8. 8Expenditures that pay for political campaign communications that expressly advocate the nomination, election, or defeat of a clearly identified candidate but are not given to, or made at the request of, the candidate's campaign.

   1. AIndependent expenditures
   2. BMotor-votor law
   3. CSpecial election
9. 9Independent expenditure - only committees that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, nonprofit organizations, and individuals.

   1. ASuper PAC
   2. BVoting precinct
   3. CPoll tax
10. 10Voting is open for virtually all persons 17 years of age or older.

    1. AVoter registration
    2. BUniversal suffrage
    3. CGrandfather clause

11. 11A qualified voter must register with the county voting registrar, who compiles lists of qualified voters residing in each voting precinct.

    1. AVoter registration
    2. BPoll tax
    3. CGerrymandering
12. 12Although not used in Texas as a prerequisite for voter registration, the test was designed and administered in ways intended to prevent African Americans and Latinos from voting.

    1. ALiteracy tests
    2. BPrimary
    3. CGeneral election
13. 13Although not used in Texas, the law exempted people from educational, property or tax requirements for voting if they were qualified to vote before 1867 or were descendant's of such persons.

    1. AGrandfather clause
    2. BAffirmative racial gerrymandering
    3. CWhite primary
14. 14A tax levied in Texas from 1902 until voters amended the Texas Constitution in 1966 to eliminate it; failure to pay the annual tax (usually $1.75) made a citizen ineligible to vote in party primaries or in special and general elections.

    1. APoll tax
    2. BAt-large majority district
    3. CEarly voting
15. 15A nominating system designed to prevent African Americans and some Latinos from participating in Democratic primaries from 1923 to 1944.

    1. AWhite primary
    2. BCanvass
    3. CVoting precinct
16. 16Drawing the boundaries of a district designed to affect representation of a political party or group in a legislative chamber, city council, commissioners court, or other representative body.

    1. AVoter registration
    2. BGerrymandering
    3. CUniversal suffrage
17. 17Drawing the boundaries of a district designed to favor representation by a member of a historical minority group (e.g., African Americans) in a legislative chamber) city council, commissioners court, or other representative body.

    1. AAffirmative racial gerrymandering
    2. BPrimary
    3. CTexas Election Code
18. 18A district that elects two or more representatives.

    1. AEarly voting
    2. BAt-large majority district
    3. CElections administrator
19. 19Legislation requiring certain government offices (e.g., motor vehicle licensing agencies) to offer voter registration applications to clients.

    1. AMotor-votor law
    2. BVoter turnout
    3. CElection judge
20. 20The percentage of the voting-age population casting ballots In an election

    1. AVoter turnout
    2. BTexas Election Code
    3. CElections administrator
21. 21The body of state law concerning parties, primaries and elections.

    1. ATexas Election Code
    2. BRunoff primary
    3. CElection judge
22. 22The basic geographic area for conducting primaries and elections; Texas divided into more than 8,500 voting precincts.

    1. AVoting precinct
    2. BSoft money
    3. CSuper PAC
23. 23Person appointed to supervise voter registration and voting.

    1. AElections administrator
    2. BElection judge
    3. CWhite primary
24. 24A preliminary election conducted within the party to select candidates who will run for public office in a subsequent general election.

    1. APrimary
    2. BNot important
    3. CVeto
25. 25Held in NOVEMBER, of EVEN-numbered years to elect county and state officials from among candidates nominated in primaries or (for small parties) in nominating conventions.

    1. AGeneral election
    2. BPopular election
    3. CVeto
26. 26A nominating system that allows voters to participate directly in the selection of candidates to public office.

    1. ADirect primary
    2. BRunoff primary
    3. CClosed primary
27. 27Held after the first primary to allow party members to choose a candidate from the first primary's top two vote-getters.

    1. ARunoff primary
    2. BOpen primary
    3. CJungle primary
28. 28A primary in which voters must declare their support for a party before they are permitted to participate in the selection of its candidates.

    1. AClosed primary
    2. BDirect Primary
    3. CJungle primary
29. 29A primary in which voters are not required to declare party identification.

    1. AOpen primary
    2. BRunoff primary
    3. CClosed primary
30. 30A nominating process in which voters indicate their preferences by using a single ballot on which are printed the names and respective party labels of all persons seeking nomination A candidate who receives more than 50 percent of the vote is elected; otherwise, a runoff between the top two candidates must be held.

    1. AJungle primary
    2. BDirect primary
    3. COpen primary
31. 31A practice whereby a person participates in the primary of one party, then votes for one or more candidates of another party in the general election.

    1. ACrossover venting
    2. BCanvass
    3. CSpecial election
32. 32To scrutinize the results of an election and then confirm and certify the vote tally for each candidate.

    1. ACanvass
    2. BOff-year or mid-term election
    3. CElections administrator
33. 33A general election held in the EVEN-numbered following a presidential election.

    1. AOff-year or midterm election
    2. BSoft money
    3. CMotor-voter law
34. 34An election called by the governor to fill a vacancy (e.g., U.S. congressional or state legislative office) or to vote on a proposed state constitutional amendment or local bond issue.

    1. ASpecial election
    2. BElections administrator
    3. CCrossover venting
35. 35Most Texas voters learn about candidates through newspaper editorials.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
36. 36The Texas ethics Commission requires financial disclosure from public officials; unlike the Federal Election Campaign Act, however, Texas has no laws to limit political contributions, except for some judicial positions.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
37. 37Which party have Latinos traditionally supported?

    1. ARepublican
    2. BLibertian
    3. CAlthough today Latinos are likely to split their tickets, traditionally they have supported the Democratic Party.
38. 38In 2014, no African Americans were holding statewide elected office.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
39. 39Women candidates received the most votes for a single office in some elections early in the 21st century.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
40. 40In 2015, two woman served as governor of Texas.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
41. 41Historically, obstacles to voting in Texas included poll taxes, all-white primaries, racial gerrymandering, and diluting minority votes.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
42. 42The only people who can vote early are those who will be away from their regular polling place on Election Day.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
43. 43Political parties are responsible for conducting primary elections.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
44. 44General elections are held on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in NOVEMBER of EVEN-numbered years.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
45. 45As Abbott and Davis utilized social media sites to reach potential voters, they also faced of incivility and inappropriate postings on these sites.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
46. 46In Greg Abbott's campaign, it responded to one posting on his Facebook page that said if Davis won in November ".50 caliber headache was waiting for her?"; Abbott's campaign took the post down and alerted the Texas Department of Public Safety about the comment.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
47. 47In each presidential election since 2000, candidates from both major political parties included appearances in Latino communities and before national Latino organizations, such as the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and the National Council of La Raza, as a part of their campaign strategy.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
48. 48Although Mexican Americans played an important role in South Texas politics throughout the 20th century, not until the 1960s and early 1970s did they begin to have a major political impact at the state level.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
49. 49A central turning point was during the late 1960s with the creation of a third-party movement. Founded in 1969 by Jose Angel Gutierrez of Crystal City and others - fielded numerous candidates at the local and state levels and mobilized many Mexican Americans who had been politically inactive By the end of the 1970s, however, it has disintegrated.

    1. ALa Raza Unida Party
    2. BRepublican National Committee
    3. CUnited Latin American Citizens
50. 50In the 1980s, Mexican American election strategy became more sophisticated as a new generation of college-educated Latinos sought public office and assumed leadership roles in political organizations.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
51. 51By early 2015, a substantial number of Latinos held elected office;

    1. AThree statewide positions (commissioner of the general land office, one supreme court justice, and one judge on the Court of Criminal Appeals)
    2. BOne U.S. Senator
    3. CFive U.S. representative seats in Texas's congressional delegation
    4. D42 legislative seats in the Texas legislature
    5. EMore than 2,100 of the remaining 5,200 elected positions in the state
    6. FAll of these
52. 52In 2012, the Republican National Committee launched the Growth and Opportunity Project, encouraging the Republican Party to focus its messaging, strategy, outreach, and budget efforts to gain new supporters and voters in the Hispanic community(as well as in other racial, demographic communities)

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
53. 53Governor George W. Bush appointed who to the Texas Railroad Commission in 1999?

    1. ARepublican Michael Williams
    2. BWallace Bernard Jefferson
    3. CGovernor Perry
54. 54The appointment of Justice Wallace Bernard Jefferson to the Texas Supreme Court in 2001 made him the first African American to serve on the court. Jefferson again made history in 2004 when Governor Perry appointed him as chief justice.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
55. 55In 2002, former Dallas mayor Ron Kirk became the first African American nominated by either major party in Texas as its candidate for U.S. senator. Was he successful?

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
56. 56Since the 1930s, African American Texans have tended to identify with the Democratic party. As demonstrated in recent electoral contests, approximately 80 percent of Texas's African American citizens say they are democrats, and only 5 percent are declared Republicans.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
57. 57By early 2015, a number of African Americans held elected office;

    1. AFive U.S. representative seats in Texas's congressional delegation
    2. B29 seats in the Texas legislature
    3. CMore than 500 of the remaining 5,200 elected positions in the state
    4. DAll of these
58. 58Texas women began to vote and hold public office for three-quarters of a century before Texas joined the Union.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
59. 59In 2014, female candidates held the top two positions on the Democratic Party's ticket. Despite their electoral victories in Texas and elsewhere across the nation, fewer women than men seek elective public office.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
60. 60As customs, habits, and attitudes have changed, opportunities for woman in public service expanded; however, the number of women elected to state-level office declined in 2014.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
61. 61In 2013, Governor Perry appointed WHO to the 109th Texas Secretary of State??

    1. AAmerican Nandita berry
    2. BBarack Obama
    3. CThomas Jefferson
62. 62As a result of 2014 election, in 2015 the number of women in Texas's congressional delegation was 3. The number of woman in the Texas legislature was 37 (7 in the Senate and 30 in the House of Representatives), a decline from the 44 women who served in the 81st legislature (2009)

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
63. 63Universal suffrage, by which almost all citizens 18 years of age and older can vote, did NOT become a reality in Texas until the mid-1960s.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
64. 64Adopted after the Civil War (1861-1865), the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution were intended to prevent denial of the right to vote based on race. (But for the next 100 years, African American citizens in Texas and other states of the former Confederacy, as well as many Latinos, were prevented from voting by one barrier after another - legal or otherwise.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
65. 65Because African Americans had not been allowed to vote before adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, grandfather clauses were used along with literacy tests to prevent African Americans fro voting while assuring this right to many impoverished and illiterate whites.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
66. 66The U.S. Supreme Court, in Guinn v. United states in 1915 was declared unconstitutional.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
67. 67The so called "white primary," was designed to deny African Americans and some Latinos access to the Democratic primary. In 1923, the Texas legislature passed a law explicitly prohibiting African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
68. 68Several minority organizations, including the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, the League of United Latin American citizens, the Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, and the Texas NAACP (the state branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), bought suit against the redistricting plan because it diluted minority representation.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
69. 69In Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. ___ (2013), ----

    1. AThe U.S. Supreme Court declared unconstitutional
    2. BSection 4(b) of the Voting Rights Acts of 1965, which established a formula for determining which jurisdictions were required to obtain preclearance from the US. Department of Justice before making any alterations to their election laws.
    3. CA & B
70. 70In America, successive waves of democratization have removed obstacles to voting. In the second half of the 20th century, the U.S. Congress enacted important voting rights laws to promote and protect voting nationwide.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
71. 71The Voting Rights Act of 1965 expanded the electorate and encouraged voting. This act has been renewed and amended by Congress four times, including in 2006, when it was extended until 2031.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
72. 72According to the Center for the study of the American Electorate, Texas had the FIFTH lowest turnout in the nation, at 44 percent of the voting-age population, compared with the national average of 54 percent.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
73. 73Researchers at the US. Election Project at George Mason University estimated that 14 percent of the Lone Star State's population was ineligible to vote in 2012 because of citizenship status - the 2012 statewide general election turnout rate of the voting-eligible population in Texas was slightly under 50 percent compared with a national turnout rate of more than 58 percent.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
74. 74Of all the socioeconomic influences on voting, education is by far the weakest.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
75. 75General elections are conducted in November of ODD-numbered years to elect county and state officials from among candidates nominated in primary elections

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso

Descripción

Texas Government Test sobre Chapter 5 Notes, creado por Lindsay Deems el 29/10/2016.

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Lindsay Deems

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