Developmental Biology

1. 14 Problems that must be overcome during development

   1. ARegional Specification
   2. BCell differentiation
   3. CGrowth
   4. DMorphogenesis
   5. EAll of the above
2. 2PAX-6 Gene is a paired box gene.

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
3. 3PAX 6 is a (W) AUTOSOMAL (X) disorder. Heterozygotes have (Y) and Homozygotes for the mutation are (Z)

   1. AW= Paired Box
      X= Dominant
      Y= Aniridia (No iris and increased chance of cataracts when older)
      Z= Embryonic Lethals
   2. BW= Paired Box
      X= Recessive
      Y= Aniridia (No iris and increased chance of cataracts when older)
      Z= 50% likely die during the first 2 years of life
4. 4Gametes are derived from germ cells and germ cells dervied from...

   1. APrimordial cells
   2. BPremordial cells
   3. CPostmordial Cells
   4. DPerimordial cells
5. 5The zygotic genome is

   1. Aany developmental genes present in the DNA of a zygote
   2. Bany gene present in embryos
   3. Cthe genome of oocytes
6. 6The Xenopus Oocyte has

   1. ADARK ANIMAL POLE (PIGMENT)
      LIGHT VEGETAL POLE (Veg1 mRNA)
   2. BDARK VEGETAL POLE (PIGMENT)
      LIGHT ANIMAL POLE (VEG1 mRNA)
7. 7What enzyme helps sperm penetrate the cumulus layer around the oocyte?

   1. AHyaluronidase
   2. BAcrosomal Enzymes
   3. CLysozymes
   4. DFolic Acid
8. 8The Zona Pellucida is penetrated via acrosomal enzymes.

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
9. 9Where is SED1 protein added to the coat of the sperm?

   1. AEpididymus
   2. BVas Deferens
   3. CSemeniferous Tubules
   4. DLeydig cells
10. 10SED1 triggers the acrosomal reaction when sperm come into contact with ZP2 receptors on the zona pellucida membrane

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso

11. 11What chains are broken in the zona pellucida so that sperm can penetrate to the cell membrane?

    1. AOligosaccharide
    2. BPolysaccharides
    3. CMonosaccharides
12. 12What protein allows the sperm to penetrate the cell membrane of the egg?

    1. AIZUMO
    2. BPROZUMO
    3. CGAMETOZO
    4. DZYGOTO
13. 13What are the two blocks to polyspermy seen in the sea urchin and some mammals?

    1. AInitial Rapid Reaction
    2. BThe cortical Reaction
    3. CThe rapid polyblock reaction
    4. DThe granule reaction
14. 14The Sea urchin vitelline membrane is the equivalent of the cumulus layer of human egg cells.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
15. 15A
    Cortical Granules diffuse with cell membrane of the egg cell.
    The cortical contents released are entrapped between the cell membrane and the zona pellucida.
    A thick impenetrable layer is formed.
    Spare granule cells remain and form a HYALINE layer.
    THIS IS PRECEDED BY A RAPID ELECTRICAL REACTION
    
    B
    Sperm fuses with the plasma membrane
    Egg cortex granules secrete contents outside the cell.
    This changes the composition of the zona pellucida.
    This makes it impenetrable to sperm.
    THERE IS NO RAPID REACTION.

    1. AA= Sea Urchin/ Non Human mammals
       B= Human
    2. BA= Human
       B= Sea Urchin/ Non Human mammals
16. 16Egg Cell activation is triggered by Fe++ release from the ER upon sperm entry

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
17. 17After the egg has been activated, what secondary messenger leads to an increase in (*previous question) ion secretion that eventually leads to pro-nuclei fusion?

    1. AInosital-1,4,5 triphosphate
    2. BInosital- 1,3,4-triphosphate
    3. CInosital-4-5 triphosphate
    4. DTestosterone from the sperm cell cytoplasm.
18. 18Holoblastic Cleavage-

    1. AWhen cells cleave equally without any significant growth phase
    2. BLarge yolk cell at vegetal pole and rapid cleavage at animal pole
    3. CMitosis without cytokinesis
19. 19Holoblastic Cleavage-

    1. AWhen cells cleave equally without any significant growth phase
    2. BLarge yolk cell at vegetal pole and rapid cleavage at animal pole
    3. CMitosis without cytokinesis
20. 20During meroblastic cleavage the YOLK sac is at the animal pole with fast dividing cells at the vegetal.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
21. 21Cytokinesis is not present during which cleavage?

    1. ASuperficial
    2. BMeroblastic
    3. CHoloblastic
22. 22Syncytium Blastoderm are a feature of the early embryogenesis of drosphohila. There is..

    1. ANO G phase, only S and M (with cytokinesis)
    2. BG1 Phase, but not G2, twice the amount of S2 and M (without cytokinesis)
    3. CNO G phases, only S & M (without cytokinesis)
23. 23The inner cavity of the drosophila blastoderm becomes fluid filled. This is called a..

    1. ABlastocoel
    2. BBlastodermal Pocket
    3. CBlastoplasmic Bucket
    4. DInner blastodermal fluid compartment
24. 24The blastocoel only forms in the (X) region of the blastula. The (Y) region contains the YOLK.

    1. AX= Animal
       Y= Vegetal
    2. BX= Vegetal
       Y= Animal
    3. CX= Left
       Y= Right
25. 25Morphogenesis (Gastrulation & Neurulation) is where the embryo transitions from 2D-3D. This process is first indicated by a slit in the surface of the blastula called a

    1. ABLASTOPORE
    2. BBLASTOSLIT
    3. CBLASTOINVAGINATION
26. 26Ectoderm Derivatives
    
    Cell Fates:
    I Neurones, Facial Skeleton, Placodes and Epidermis
    II Liver, Gut, Pancreas, Pharynx, Salivary Glands and Trachea
    III Kidney, Bones, Cartilage, Blood Muscle
    

    1. AI
    2. BII
    3. CIII
27. 27Endoderm Derivatives
    
    Cell Fates:
    I Neurones, Facial Skeleton, Placodes and Epidermis
    II Liver, Gut, Pancreas, Pharynx, Salivary Glands and Trachea
    III Kidney, Bones, Cartilage, Blood Muscle
    

    1. AI
    2. BII
    3. CIII
28. 28Mesoderm Derivatives
    
    Cell Fates:
    I Neurones, Facial Skeleton, Placodes and Epidermis
    II Liver, Gut, Pancreas, Pharynx, Salivary Glands and Trachea
    III Kidney, Bones, Cartilage, Blood Muscle
    

    1. AI
    2. BII
    3. CIII
29. 29Invagination of the endoderm and mesoderm leads to the formation of a primative gut

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
30. 30Another word for a primative gut is the

    1. AArchenteron
    2. BPrimative stomach
    3. CDichenteron
    4. DEndodermal Gut
31. 31Neurlation:
    I) Visible once the neural ridge folds form
    II) Cells of the neural plate are ectoderm
    III) Neurulation is PRECEDED by organogenesis
    III) The notochord is covered during the process, and a neural tube formed.

    1. AI & II only
    2. BI and IV only
    3. CIII only
    4. DI II and IV only
32. 32Neural crest cells come from the bottom of the neural tube and migrate through the body to form different structures.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
33. 33Neural Crest cells aren't responsible for pigmentation

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
34. 34Epithelium Tissue is:
    I Highly compact
    II Highly polarised
    III Free and Motile
    IV Matrix Secreting.

    1. AI and II
    2. BI only
    3. CI, II and III only
    4. DALL OF THE ABOVE
35. 35Mesenchyme Tissue is:
    I Highly compact
    II Highly polarised
    III Free and Motile
    IV Matrix Secreting.

    1. AIII and IV only
    2. BIV only
    3. CI and IV only
    4. DII only

Descripción

Test sobre Developmental Biology , creado por DanielHarrison el 09/06/2014.

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DanielHarrison

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