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Neurophys MD2024
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Preguntas del test (100)
1What is the correct statement about the dorsal column?
- AIt is stimulated by crude touch and pressure
- BReceptors on Golgi tendon organ is stimulated within the muscle spindle
- CIt is stimulated by pain and temperature
- DAlpha-motoneuron goes to the extrafusal fibers
- EHas two points discrimination
2Where does neurogenesis take place?
- AHippocampus
- BSpinal cord
- CFrontal lobe
- DCerebellum
- EThalamus
3Kluver-Bucy syndrome is:
- ALesion of ventral hypothalamus
- BLoss of fear as well as hypersexuality
- CCalmness
- DIncreased emotional expression
- ELesion to hippocampus
4What is the major role of the astrocytes?
- AProduce myelination of the axons
- BProtection of neurons and production of enzymatic CSF
- CSupport of neural cells
- DInterconnecting the neurons
- EProduce the blood-brain barrier
5What is the definition of the RP (receptor potential)?
- A“All or none” principle
- BAmplitude increase with increased intensity of stimulus
- CFrequency increase with increased intensity of stimulus
- DAmplitude decrease with increased intensity of stimulus
- EFrequency decrease with increased intensity of stimulus
6What is the correct definition of declarative (explicit) memory?
- AMemory not involving the hippocampus
- BNot associated with consciousness (awareness)
- CAssociated with consciousness (awareness)
- DAssociated with skills and habits
- EDivided into associative and non-associative learning
7What structures passes through the medial brainstem?
- ACerebral peduncle
- BReticular formation
- CDorsal column
- DSubstantia nigra
8What is typical for Alzheimer’s disease?
- ARemembering new events (short-term memory) and forgetting former events
- BThe number of neurons is intact but the mediators for these are destroyed
- CNeurofibrillary tangles inside the neurons caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau
- DPoor long term memory, but intact short term memory
- ENeurons are intact but destruction of synapses
9Which senses are carried through the dorsal column?
- APain and temperature
- BCrude touch and pressure
- CFine touch, space localization and pressure
- DVibration and pressure
- EItching and fine touch
10The reticular formation:
- AControls voluntary movement
- BControls involuntary movements
- CControls levels of consciousness
- DDetermine whether stimulus is important enough to wake up
- EIs located in the primary motor cortex
11What is true for mirror neurons?
- AImplicated in voluntary movement
- BLocated in parieto-occipital lobe
- CFire when observing someone else perform a movement
- DResponsible only for emotion recognition
- EAll above are correct
12Reflex arc of inverse stretch reflex:
- AAfferent fibers are 1b fibers
- BContracted muscle contracted, antagonist muscle relaxed
- CContain four elements
- DProtects the body from injury
- EIs a monosynaptic reflex
13Which hormones inhibit the hunger center in the brain?
- AGhrelin
- BMelanin
- CNeuropeptide Y
- DB-endorphins
- ELeptin
14The dynamic part of the stretch reflex is responsible for:
- AMaintaining the muscle tone as a static response
- BRapid muscle contraction to oppose sudden changes in muscle length
- CStretching the muscle halfway
- DA weak or slow muscle contraction
- ERapid response due to changes in primary endings on nuclear chain fibers
15Neurotrophins are:
- AProduced by neurons during neuron degeneration
- BProteins produced by glial cells and inflammatory cells
- CLarge proteins that maintain function and growth of neurons
- DCannot induce differentiation of progenitor cells to form neurons
- ESecreted predominantly outside the target tissues
16What is a function of the cerebellum?
- ADetect fine touch and pressure
- BProcess sensory information from the periphery
- CProcess information from thermoreceptors
- DProcess and send signals to regulate movement
- ETakes part in the direct pathway of voluntary movement
17What is the function of intrafusal fibers?
- ADetect change in length of extrafusal fibers
- BTransmit signals via alpha fibers
- CHave no important role in the muscle contraction
- DResponsible for contractibility of a muscle
- EMake up a large amount of skeletal (striated) muscle
18Pyramidal tract transmits through:
- AAlpha motoneuron
- BGamma motoneuron
- CIntermediate neuron
- DSensory neuron
- EInhibitory interneuron
19REM sleep is referred with:
- ASleep where memories can be remembered during
- BSleep where dreams cannot be recalled
- CDeep, restful sleep
- DIncreased muscle tone and decreased heart rate
- EEye movement are at a minimum
20Hormones that excite satiety (feeling full) is:
- ALeptin, Ghrelin, POMC, CART
- BLeptin, CCK, POMC, Oxytocin
- CNeuropeptide Y, Orexins A and B, Melanin
- DB-endorphins, CCK, CRH, Oxytocin, Leptin
- ENeuropeptide Y, Glucagon, GLP-1, GLP-2
21Things that activate cold receptors (things that make you hot) are:
- ASweat evaporation
- BIncreased apatite
- CCutaneous vasodilation
- DDecreased rate of physical activity
- EIncreased thirst
22The amygdaloidal body is responsible for:
- ASkills and habits
- BEndocrine system
- CCreating negative feelings like rage and fear
- DControlling the pain gate system
- ECreating positive feelings like euphoria
23Which statement about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is correct?
- AIt is absorbed by the choroid plexus
- BIts absorption is independent of CSF pressure
- CIt circulates in the epidural space
- DIt has a lower glucose concentration than plasma
- EIt has a higher protein concentration than plasma
24Which statement about REM sleep is correct?
- AIs also called paradoxical sleep
- BRegular EEG waves
- CDreams cannot be recalled
- DDecreased heart rate and respiration
- EREM sleep duration decreases with each sleep cycle
25The reward system is connected with:
- APosterior hypothalamus
- BThe cholinergic system
- CThe dopaminergic system
- DInvolvement of entorhinal cortex
- EVentral tegmentum and dorsal midbrain
26The pain gate:
- AGlutamate and Substance P close the gate
- BIs independent on enkephalinergic system
- CIs independent on endorphin system
- DEnkephalin close the pain gate in the spinal cord
- EIs closed by both non-painful input and painful input
27Conditioned reflexes are evoked under which conditions?
- AUnconditioned stimulus repeated many times
- BConditioned stimulus repeated many times
- CUnconditioned and conditioned stimulus paired many times
- DConditioned stimulus present enough without unconditioned stimulus
- EAn external input is present
28Which of the following statements about the prefrontal, association area is correct?
- APlanning of voluntary movement and prediction
- BArea for language comprehension
- CArea for visual language (reading)
- DRole in behavior, emotions and motivation
- EAnalysis of spatial coordination
29Lesion to the upper motor neurons leads to?
- ADecreased reflexes
- BSpasticity
- CFlaccid paralysis
- DNegative Babinski sign
- EDecreased muscle tone
- FOscillation of muscles
30Parkinson’s disease:
- ADegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra
- BSymptoms include rigidity and decreased muscle tone
- CLoss of cholinergic receptors
- DRapid movements
- ERepeat of trinucleotide CAG on chromosome 4
31What is correct about cerebellum?
- AIt compares movement intended with actual movements
- BIt controls posture and equilibrium
- CLesion leads to hypertonicity
- DControl muscle contraction
- EAll answers are correct
32Cerebellum:
- AInitiate movements
- BDirectly stimulate thalamus
- CControls levels of consciousness
- D“Decodes” the sensory signals
- ERegulation of muscle tone and spinal reflexes
33Lesion to upper margin of pons will:
- AChange the regulation of brain activity
- BResult in loss of consciousness
- CEffect the reticular activation system
- DIncrease muscle tone by increased signals to gamma motoneurons
- EDecreased muscle tone by increased signals to gamma motoneurons
34Which is true concerning delta waves in EEG?
- AAppear at consciousness
- BCould be registered selectively from hippocampus
- CAppear in deep sleep
- DRepresent sleep spindles
- EAre characterized by high amplitude and high frequency
- FAre characterized by low amplitude and high frequency
35Which statement regarding REM sleep is correct?
- AConstitutes of 4 stages
- BIs characterized by sleep spindles
- CIs important for consolidation of memory
- DIs characterized by increased muscle tone and theta waves
- EIn adults occupies 80% of whole sleep
36During voluntary movement, the golgi tendon organ provides the central nervous system with information about:
- AThe length of the muscle being moved
- BThe velocity of the movement
- CThe blood flow to the muscle being moved
- DThe tension developed by the muscle being moved
- EThe change in joint angle produced by the movement
37Repetitive stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber will cause an increased contractile strength because repetitive stimulation causes an increase in:
- AThe duration of cross bridge cycling
- BThe concentration of calcium in the sarcoplasm
- CThe magnitude of the end plate potential
- DThe number of muscle myofibrils generating tension
- EThe velocity of the muscle contraction
38Conduction aphasia is likely to be associated with a lesion of the:
- AWernicke’s area 22
- BParietal lobe
- CFrontal lobe
- DArcuate fasciculus
- ECorticospinal tract
39Most important role of gamma-motoneurons is to:
- AStimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract
- BMaintain Ia afferent activity during contraction of muscle
- CGenerate activity in Ib afferent fibers
- DDetect the length of resting skeletal muscle
- EPrevent muscles from producing too much force
40Transmission through the anterolateral pathway ultimately ends up in the:
- APrimary motor cortex
- BPremotor cortex
- CSupplementary motor cortex
- DSomatosensory cortex SI and SII
- EPosterior parietal cortex
41Kluver-Bucy syndrome will give what symptoms?
- ADiminished fear
- BLoss in apatite
- CBetter memory recollection
- DLoss of balance
- EIncreased ability to identify familiar objects or people
42Final common pathway is another term for?
- AHigher motor neurons
- BLower motor neurons
- CEffector organs
- DIntegration center
- ERenshaw cells
43Role of mirror neurons?
- AFire when performing a voluntary task
- BActivated when watching someone perform ask
- CIs responsible for emotion recognition in other people
- DCan be found in the frontal or parietal lobe
- EAll are correct
44What characterizes alpha waves?
- AHave the highest frequency waves
- BThey appear when studying for a test
- CThey appear when you close your eyes
- DThey appear only during deep sleep
- EThey appear when awake and open eyes
45What is the main reason for Huntington’s disease?
- ALoss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
- BRepeat of trinucleotide CAG on chromosome 5
- CRepeat of trinucleotide CAT on chromosome 4
- DIncreased Cholinergic and GABA release
- EDecrease in GABAergic and cholinergic release
46An abnormal Babinski reflex indicates damage to the:
- ASpinal cord
- BBrainstem
- CCerebellum
- DBasal ganglia
- EPyramids
47Which fibers contract in the myotatic reflex?
- AExtrafusal muscle fibers
- BIntrafusal muscle fibers
- CNuclear bag fibers
- DNuclear chain fibers
- EAlpha fibers
48What is the name of the phenomenon of “referred pain”?
- AHyperalgesia
- BDermatome theory
- CAlternate theory
- DFacilitation
- EStereognosis
49Which part of the brain is responsible for mathematical calculation and fact numbers?
- AFrontal and occipital
- BFrontal and parietal
- CTemporal and frontal
- DTemporal and parietal
- EParietal and occipital
50Lesion to upper motor neuron:
- ANegative Babinski sign
- BLoss of involuntary movement
- CDecreased muscle tone
- DIncreased muscle tone
- EFasciculation
51All of the following are symptoms of cerebellar lesion except:
- ARigidity
- BNystagmus
- CAtaxia
- DAdiadochokinesia
- EIntention tremor
52The majority of fibers from the thalamus goes toward the:
- ACerebellum
- BAssociation cortex
- CPremotor cortex
- DReticular nuclei
- EPrimary somatosensory cortex
53Which structure is not at the level of the medulla oblongata?
- ACuneate nucleus
- BAbducent nucleus
- CRed nucleus
- DFacial nucleus
- EReticular formation
54What are the steps involved in the inverse stretch reflex?
- AGolgi tendon monosynaptic pathway contracted muscle stretched and antagonist muscle relaxed
- BFree nerve endings polysynaptic pathway inhibition of extensor and stimulation of flexor
- CMuscle spindle monosynaptic pathway extrafusal muscle fibers are stimulated
- DGolgi tendon disynaptic pathway contracted muscle relaxed and antagonist muscle contracted
55 Left hemisphere lesion is mainly responsible for:
- AGood feelings such as euphoria
- BLanguage disorder and depression
- CLoss of visualization of shapes and vision
- DLoss of sensation from the left side of the body
- ELess identification of form of objects and faces
56Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for controlling the normal circadian rhythm?
- AParaventricular nucleus
- BVentromedial nucleus
- CArcuate nucleus
- DLateral nucleus
- ESuprachiasmatic nucleus
57Decerebrate rigidity:
- AHappens during Parkinson’s disease, when reduced inhibition by dopamine causes excitation of vestibular nuclei
- BTranssection of the brain stem at the medulla oblongata
- CWill cause increased muscle tone
- DHappens when descending signals to gamma motoneurons is increased which increases muscle tone
- EIs due to lesion of the upper pons and increased sensory sensitivity
58Neurogenesis means:
- AThat stem cells in the olfactory bulb can grow into new nerve cells
- BThat stem cells in the hippocampus are involved in memory
- CThat neurons are produced by neural stem cells
- DGlial cells can be produced and some new cells go through apoptosis
- EAll correct
59Which of the following statements is correct regarding neurotrophins?
- ANGF attaching to p75NT and Trk A prevents apoptosis
- BNGF attaching to p75NT and Trk A promotes cell survival
- CNeurotrophins are transported back from target nucleus by anterograde transport
- DNeurotrophins belongs to a large protein family
- ENeurotrophic receptors can be either p65 or Trk family
60Plasticity means:
- ATopographical representation changes with experience
- BSensory neurons to cortex can change with usage
- CFunctions of different parts can change as needed
- DSensory unit connections to cerebral cortex stays the same without use
- ESynaptic receptors become more sensitive
61Cutting which of the following fibers can cause spastic paralysis?
- ACorticospinal fibers
- BVestibulospinal fibers
- CReticulospinal fibers
- DSpinothalamic fibers
- EIa afferent fibers
- FCorticoreticular fibers
62The center of the reward system is the:
- AVentral tegmentum
- BDorsal brain stem
- CNucleus accumbens
- DPosterior hypothalamus
- EDorsal midbrain
63The sympathetic system involves:
- ABronchiole dilation
- BErection
- CPupil constriction
- DAccommodation for short vision
- EDecreased heart rate
64What is true about operant conditioning?
- ADiscovered by Ivan Pavlov
- BInvolve reward and punishment
- CThe animal can learn from looking at other animal’s behavior
- DAnimal learns skills by habituation
- EIs a type of non-associative learning
65Mass reflex can involve the following symptom:
- AHypotonicity
- BDysdiadochokinesia
- CTwo-point discrimination
- DProfuse sweating
- ENone of the above
66Where does neurogenesis take place?
- AHippocampus
- BSpinal cord
- CFrontal lobe
- DCerebellum
67The role of the intrafusal fibers:
- ALocated in the tendon, together with the tendon organ
- BStretch of the central part of the muscle spindle following stimulation of gamma motoneurons
- CInnervated by alpha and contracted following stimulation of these neurons
- DStimulated together with extrafusal muscle fibers
- EOnly make up nuclear bag fibers
68The major role of oligodendrocytes in the body is:
- AAbsorption of CSF
- BProtection of nerves
- CBlood-brain barrier
- DNourishment
- ENone of the mentioned
69Mass reflex can involve which of the following?
- ALoss of muscle tone
- BRigidity
- CMuscle hypotrophy
- DIncontinence of urine
- ENone of the mentioned
70Referred pain is caused by:
- AStereognosis
- BFacilitation
- CHyperalgesia
- DSame dermatome origin
- ENone of the mentioned
71What does the anterolateral pathway transmit?
- AFine touch sensation
- BCrude touch and temperature
- CSensation from two points at once
- DVibration and pressure sensation
- EKinesthesia sensation
72What is characteristic for transmission in the anterolateral pathway?
- AHigh velocity
- BOnly temperature and pain is transmitted
- CPrecise localization of sensation
- DHighly discrete localization is not required
- ELarge, myelinated fibers
73The precentral gyrus and corticospinal tract are essential for:
- AVision
- BOlfaction
- CAuditory identification
- DKinesthesia
- EVoluntary movement
74During normal voluntary movement:
- ALarge muscle fibers are recruited before small muscle fibers
- BFast muscle fibers are recruited before slow muscle fibers
- CWeak muscle fibers are recruited before strong muscle fibers
- DPoorly perfused muscle fibers are recruited before richly perfused muscle fibers
- EAnaerobic fibers are recruited before aerobic fibers
75Norepinephrine will cause the contraction of the smooth muscle in the:
- ABronchioles
- BArterioles
- CPupils
- DIntestine
- ECiliary body
76The alpha rhythm appearing on an electroencephalogram has which of the following characteristics?
- AIt produces 20 to 30 waves per second
- BIt is replaced by slower, larger waves during REM sleep
- CIt represents activity that is most pronounced in the frontal region of the brain
- DIt disappears when patient’s eyes open
- EIt is associated with deep sleep
77Correct statement regarding rapid eye movement (REM) sleep include which of the following?
- AIt is the first stage of sleep entered when a person falls asleep
- BIt is accompanied by loss of skeletal muscle tone
- CIt is characterized by a slow but steady heart rate
- DIt occurs more often in adults than in children
- EIt lasts longer than periods of slow-wave sleep
78What nerve fibers transmit the thermal stimulus of heat and cold?
- AC-fibers
- BC-fibers and Ia fibers
- CIb fibers
- DC-fibers and type III (A-delta fibers)
- EB-fibers
79Reticular formation of brain stem is in charge of:
- AO2 consumption, respiration, temperature, circadian rhythm
- BOsmolarity, volume of extracellular fluid, glucose, appetite
- CSequencing of movement, spatial-temporal relation
- DSecretion of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, dopamine, vasopressin
- EHeart rate, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, swallowing
80Stimulation input from descending part of the reticular formation is known to produce:
- AContraction of IF, contraction of SM
- BStretch of IF, relaxation of SM
- CStimulation of GP, relaxation of SM
- DRelaxation of IF, contraction of SM
- EStretch of IF, contraction of SM
81Which receptor is connected with addiction?
- AD2 receptors
- BD3 receptors
- C5HT2 receptors
- D5-HT receptors
- ESerotonin receptors
82Lesion to what causes past-pointing, drunken and intention tremor?
- ACerebellum
- BThalamus
- CHypothalamus
- DPrecentral gyrus
- ENeocortex
83Hyperkinetic disorder symptoms:
- AAkinesia
- BBallism
- CBradykinesia
- DAdiadochokinesia
- EIntention tremor
84Plasticity as a symptom include:
- ADecreased muscle tone
- BIncreased muscle tone
- CAbnormal absence of movement
- DPurposeless contractions that produce shaking
- EResistance to passive stretch
85Facilitation as a symptom include:
- ADecreased muscle tone
- BIncreased muscle tone
- CRapid involuntary eye movements
- DLack of coordination
- EDisturbance of equilibrium
86Increased activity of the SNS causes:
- APupil constriction
- BBronchiolar dilation
- CErection
- DDecreased heart rate
- ECiliary muscle contraction
87Presynaptic inhibition in the CNS affects the firing rate of alpha motoneurons by:
- AIncreasing the chloride permeability of the presynaptic nerve ending
- BDecreasing the potassium permeability of the alpha motoneuron
- CDecreasing the frequency of action potentials by the presynaptic nerve ending
- DIncreasing (hyperpolarizing) the membrane potential of the alpha motoneuron
- EIncreasing the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic nerve ending
88Adrenergic receptors located in the heart are types of:
- AM2 receptors
- BM3 receptors
- CBeta-1 receptors
- DAlpha-1 receptors
- EAlpha-2 receptors
89An aphasia is most likely to be associated with a lesion of:
- AThe hippocampus
- BThe parietal lobe
- CThe temporal lobe
- DThe limbic system
- EThe reticular formation
90RAS is responsible for the following except:
- APain
- BVisual
- COlfactory
- DConsciousness
- ESpeech
91Increased activity of the PNS causes:
- AIncreased heart rate
- BPupil constriction
- CBronchiolar dilation
- DCiliary muscle dilation
- EIncreased sweating
92Flexor withdrawal reflex is:
- AResponsible for monosynaptic excitation of ipsilateral homonymous muscle
- BResponsible for polysynaptic excitation of contralateral extensors
- CThe same as inverse myotatic reflex
- DResponsible for increase in gamma-motoneuron activity
- EResponsible for disynaptic inhibition of ipsilateral extensors
93Autogenic inhibition is related to:
- AIa fibers in muscle spindle
- BIb fibers in golgi tendon
- CType II (A-beta fibers)
- DType III (A-delta fibers)
- EC-fibers
94Lesion of UMN leads to:
- ALoss of voluntary activity
- BIncreased muscle tone
- CSpinal reflex hyperactivity
- DBabinski sign
- EAll correct
95Lesion of LMN leads to:
- ADecreased reflexes
- BDecreased muscle tone
- CNo transmission of growth factor
- DFlaccid paralysis
- EAll correct
96Which pathway is a descending efferent pathway?
- ADorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
- BAnterior corticospinal tract
- CAnterior spinothalamic tract
- DLateral spinothalamic tract
- EPosterior spinocerebellar tract
97Free nerve endings contain receptors that encode the sensation of:
- AFine touch
- BVibration
- CPressure
- DTemperature
- EMuscle length
98Which pathway is an ascending afferent pathway?
- ALateral spinothalamic tract
- BLateral corticospinal tract
- CAnterior corticospinal tract
- DReticulospinal tract
- EVestibulospinal tract
99Which one of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for the detection of the core body temperature?
- AThe lateral hypothalamus
- BThe arcuate nucleus
- CThe anterior hypothalamus
- DThe paraventricular nucleus
- EThe posterior nucleus
100The sympathetic response in a “fight or flight” reaction causes a decrease in:
- AThe arterial blood pressure
- BThe diameter of the pupil
- CThe resistance of the airways
- DThe heart rate
- EThe blood glucose concentration
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Neurophys MD2024, creado por Martin Vangen el 11/12/2018.
- Autor
- Martin Vangen
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 246
- Valoración
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