Test
Integumentary System
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (37)
1Skin
1. Skin is a [blank_start]coat[blank_end]
a. Waterproof
b. [blank_start]Stretchable[blank_end] (2.2 m^2)(~11 lbs)
c. Washable
d. [blank_start]Auto-repairing[blank_end] (cuts, tears, and burns)
e. Lasts a [blank_start]lifetime[blank_end]- Acoat
- BStretchable
- CAuto-repairing
- Dlifetime
2[blank_start]Hair[blank_end] keratinized protein secreted by cells
- AHair
- BNails
3[blank_start]Nails[blank_end] hard keratinized protein
- ANails
- BHair
4Functions of the skin:
A. prevents [blank_start]dehydration[blank_end]
B. prevents [blank_start]bacterial[blank_end] and [blank_start]viral[blank_end] infection (chemical and physical barrier)
C. Regulates [blank_start]body temperature[blank_end]
D. Vitamin [blank_start]D[blank_end] synthesis (needed to absorb calcium in the digestive tract)
E. Blood [blank_start]reservoir[blank_end] (blood can be shunted to other organs in need e.g. skeletal muscles)
F. [blank_start]Excretion[blank_end]- water, salt, ammonia, urea, and uric acid are excreted in sweat- Adehydration
- Bbacterial
- Cviral
- Dbody temperature
- ED
- Freservoir
- GExcretion
5Most substances cannot penetrate; exceptions are:
1. [blank_start]vitamins A,D,E,K[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] and carbon dioxide (in limited amounts)
3. [blank_start]organic[blank_end] solvents (paint thinner, acetone) which dissolve cell lipids
4. [blank_start]oleoresins[blank_end] of certain plants (e.g. poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, etc)
5. [blank_start]salts[blank_end] of heavy metals (e.g. lead, mercury, arsenic, etc)- Avitamins A,D,E,K
- Boxygen
- Corganic
- Doleoresins
- Esalts
6Epidermis
A. [blank_start]stratified squamous epithelium[blank_end] (replenished ~[blank_start]25-45[blank_end] days)
B. [blank_start]5[blank_end] layers (from top to bottom)
1. stratum [blank_start]corneum[blank_end]
2. stratum [blank_start]granulosum[blank_end]
3. Stratum [blank_start]spinosum[blank_end]
4. Stratum [blank_start]basale[blank_end]
5. Stratum [blank_start]lucidum[blank_end]- Astratified squamous epithelium
- B25-45
- C5
- Dcorneum
- Egranulosum
- Fspinosum
- Gbasale
- Hlucidum
7Stratum corneum
- [blank_start]horny[blank_end] layer (other name)
- [blank_start]top[blank_end] layer (placement) and [blank_start]fully[blank_end] keratinized
- [blank_start]20-30[blank_end] layers thick
- protect skin from abrasion and penetration
- [blank_start]Glycolipids[blank_end] provide waterproofing
- [blank_start]40[blank_end] lbs shed in a lifetime
- too far from blood vessels for [blank_start]diffusion[blank_end], so cells die- Ahorny
- Btop
- Cfully
- D20-30
- EGlycolipids
- Fdiffusion
- G40
8stratum granulosum
- [blank_start]granular[blank_end] layer (other name)
- [blank_start]3-5[blank_end] layers thick
- [blank_start]keratinocytes[blank_end] produce keratin and squamous cells flatten as they are pushed upward (held together by numerous desmosomes)- Agranular
- B3-5
- Ckeratinocytes
9stratum basale
- [blank_start]base[blank_end] germinating layer (other name)
- [blank_start]deepest[blank_end] layer of the epidermis
- [blank_start]single[blank_end] layer thick
- contain [blank_start]melanocytes[blank_end] and [blank_start]Merkel[blank_end] cells ([blank_start]fine[blank_end] touch receptors)- Abase
- Bdeepest
- Csingle
- Dmelanocytes
- EMerkel
- Ffine
10stratum spinosum
- [blank_start]prickly[blank_end] layer ([blank_start]keratinocytes[blank_end] shrink but [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end] hold in place)
- [blank_start]melanin[blank_end] granules (UV protection) and [blank_start]Langerhans[blank_end] (macrophage) cells abundant in this layer- Aprickly
- Bkeratinocytes
- Cdesmosomes
- Dmelanin
- ELangerhans
11stratum lucidum
- [blank_start]clear[blank_end] layer (other name)
- found only in the [blank_start]thick[blank_end] skin between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum ([blank_start]palms[blank_end], [blank_start]fingertips[blank_end], and [blank_start]soles[blank_end])
- only [blank_start]a few[blank_end] layers thick- Aclear
- Bthick
- Cpalms
- Dfingertips
- Esoles
- Fa few
12Dermis
A. strong flexible [blank_start]connective[blank_end] tissue ([blank_start]collagen[blank_end], [blank_start]elastin[blank_end], and [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] fibers)
B. [blank_start]papillae[blank_end] from upper dermis form ridges in the epidermis form grip ([blank_start]fingerprints[blank_end]/footprints) 20% of thickness
C. [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] layer of lower dermis 80% of thickness made up of dense [blank_start]irregular[blank_end] connective tissue- Aconnective
- Bcollagen
- Celastin
- Dreticular
- Epapillae
- Ffingerprints
- Greticular
- Hirregular
13[blank_start]Melanian[blank_end] (melanin is Greek for black) ([blank_start]ONLY[blank_end] PIGMENT PRODUCED IN THE SKIN- varies in color from yellow to brown to black)
- AMelanian
- BONLY
14[blank_start]carotene[blank_end]- yellow/orange pigment found in plants which accumulates in the thick epidermis
- Acarotene
15[blank_start]hemoglobin[blank_end]- red from the red blood cells
- Ahemoglobin
16[blank_start]cyanosis[blank_end]- bluish hue to the skin due to heart failure or respiratory distress
- Acyanosis
- Berythema
- Cpallor
- Djaundice
- Ebronzing
- Fhematoma
17[blank_start]erythema[blank_end]- reddish hue to the skin due to blushing, fever, hypertension, polycythemia
- Acyanosis
- Berythema
- Cpallor
- Djaundice
- Ebronzing
- Fhematoma
18[blank_start]pallor[blank_end] or blanching- pale skin hue due to emotional stress (fear, anger), anemia, or hypotension
- Acyanosis
- Berythema
- Cpallor
- Djaundice
- Ebronzing
- Fhematoma
19[blank_start]jaundice[blank_end]- yellow hue to the skin due to liver disorder
- Acyanosis
- Berythema
- Cpallor
- Djaundice
- Ebronzing
- Fhematoma
20[blank_start]bronzing[blank_end] of the skin due to addison's disease (adrenal cortex of the kidney hypofunctions)
- Acyanosis
- Berythema
- Cpallor
- Djaundice
- Ebronzing
- Fhematoma
21[blank_start]hematoma[blank_end]- (bruises) blood leaks out of the capillaries due to trauma and clots under the skin
- Acyanosis
- Berythema
- Cpallor
- Djaundice
- Ebronzing
- Fhematoma
22Eccrine
a. sweat is secreted by [blank_start]exocytosis[blank_end] into pores which empty onto the skin 500 mL per day... up to 12 L per day)
b. 99% [blank_start]water[blank_end], remaining solutes are sodium chloride, vitamin C, urea, uric acid, ammonia, and lactic acid (which attracts mosquitoes)
c. [blank_start]hot[blank_end] sweat begins on forehead and spreads to other parts of the body
d. [blank_start]cold[blank_end] sweat due to fright or nervousness begins on palms, soles, and axillae and spreads to other parts of the body- Aexocytosis
- Bwater
- Chot
- Dcold
23Apocrine
a. secreted into hair follicles beginning at [blank_start]puberty[blank_end]
b. contains [blank_start]true[blank_end] sweat, [blank_start]lipids[blank_end], and [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] and appears viscous with a white/yellow hue
c. odorless upon secretion, but [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end] decompose molecules forming body odor
d. increase of [blank_start]secretion[blank_end] during pain, stress, or sex but physiological function is unknown (believed to be sexual scent glands as menstruation affects output)
e. [blank_start]ceruminous[blank_end] glands are modified apocrine glands found in the external ear canal which secrete [blank_start]cerumen[blank_end] or ear wax, which deters insects and blocks entry of foreign material
f. [blank_start]mammary[blank_end] glands are modified apocrine glands which secrete milk- Apuberty
- Btrue
- Clipids
- Dproteins
- Ebacteria
- Fsecretion
- Gceruminous
- Hcerumen
- Imammary
24[blank_start]sudoriferous[blank_end] (sweat) glands (2.5 million per person) 2 types:
1. [blank_start]eccrine[blank_end]- most abundant sweat gland covers most of the body
2. [blank_start]apocrine[blank_end]- located in the axillary and anogenital areas- Asudoriferous
- Beccrine
- Capocrine
- Dsudoriferous
- Eeccrine
- Fapocrine
- Gsudoriferous
- Heccrine
- Iapocrine
25[blank_start]Sebaceous[blank_end] (oil) glands
1. located all over the body except the palms and soles
2. secrete [blank_start]sebum[blank_end], which lubricates and softens hair and skim, prevents water loss, and has bactericidal properties
3. [blank_start]whitehead[blank_end]- occurs when duct is blocked by accumulated sebum and staphylococcus infection begins
4. [blank_start]blackhead[blank_end]- when whitehead oxidizes and dries out- ASebaceous
- Bsebum
- Cwhitehead
- Dblackhead
26Hair
1. [blank_start]body[blank_end] hair- main function is to detect insects before they bite or sting
2. found all over the body except [blank_start]palms[blank_end], soles, lips, [blank_start]nipples[blank_end], and genitalia
3. Hair on the scalp prevents heat loss, UV protection, and protects against [blank_start]trauma[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Eyelashes[blank_end] shield eyes from foreign particles
5. [blank_start]Nose[blank_end] hair filters air entering respiratory passages
6. Hair appearance due to shaft shape (flat shaft=[blank_start]curly[blank_end], oval shaft=[blank_start]wavy[blank_end], round shaft=[blank_start]straight[blank_end])
7. Hair color due to [blank_start]melanin[blank_end] (blond to black hair) gray hair is a result of lack of melanin or the replacement of melanin with air bubbles in the hair shaft
8. Hair growth controlled by [blank_start]adrogens[blank_end] (testosterone) in males and females ([blank_start]hirsutism[blank_end] due to ovarian or adrenal tumor)
9. Average hair growth is [blank_start]2[blank_end] mm per week
10. Hair thinning or baldness ([blank_start]alopecia[blank_end]) due to new growth hairs being outnumbered by hairs falling out (~100 per day)- Abody
- Bpalms
- Cnipples
- Dtrauma
- EEyelashes
- FNose
- Gcurly
- Hwavy
- Istraight
- Jmelanin
- Kadrogens
- Lhirsutism
- M2
- Nalopecia
27Hair follicle
1. Extend from [blank_start]epidermis[blank_end] into the [blank_start]dermis[blank_end]
2. Form hair [blank_start]bulb[blank_end] and root [blank_start]plexus[blank_end] (nerves surrounding the bulb)
3. [blank_start]Arrector pili[blank_end] muscles attach to hair and epidermis (stratum basale) and cause goosebumps upon contraction)
a. trap [blank_start]air[blank_end] close to the skin for warmth
b. make us appear larger to predators- Aepidermis
- Bdermis
- Cbulb
- Dplexus
- EArrector pili
- Fair
28Nerves
1. [blank_start]Meissner's[blank_end] corpuscles- light touch
2. [blank_start]Merkel's[blank_end] disks- light touch
3. [blank_start]Pacinian[blank_end] corpuscles- deep pressure
4. [blank_start]Ruffini's[blank_end] corpuscles- deep pressure and stretch
5. [blank_start]Bare[blank_end] nerve endings- pain, heat, cold- AMeissner's
- BMerkel's
- CPacinian
- DRuffini's
- EBare
29Nails
1. Analogous to [blank_start]hooves[blank_end] or [blank_start]claws[blank_end] of other animals
2. Nail matrix responsible for growth of new nail pushing nail distally- Ahooves
- Bclaws
30[blank_start]benign[blank_end]: non-spreading
[blank_start]malignant[blank_end]: spread into other tissue- Abenign
- Bmalignant
- Cbenign
- Dmalignant
31[blank_start]Basal Cell Carcinoma[blank_end]: most common and least malignant
1. Shiny lesions in the [blank_start]stratum basale[blank_end] which grow into the [blank_start]dermis[blank_end]
2. 99% cure rate after surgery- ABasal Cell Carcinoma
- Bstratum basale
- Cdermis
32[blank_start]Squamous[blank_end] Cell Carcinoma
1. cells of the [blank_start]stratum spinosum[blank_end] form a lesion which appears small, red, and round
2. lesion usually forms on [blank_start]scalp[blank_end], [blank_start]ears[blank_end], [blank_start]lips[blank_end], or [blank_start]hands[blank_end]
3. grows rapidly and can metastasize if not removers
4. If caught early and removed, chance of cure is good- ASquamous
- Bstratum spinosum
- Cscalp
- Dears
- Elips
- Fhands
33[blank_start]Melanoma[blank_end] (5% of skin cancers)
1. cancer of the [blank_start]melanocytes[blank_end]
2. most dangerous of the skin cancers
3. appears as a brown or black spreading patch
4. Metastasizes rapidly to [blank_start]lymph[blank_end] and [blank_start]blood[blank_end]
5. ABCDE rule to detect
a. [blank_start]Asymmetry[blank_end]- two sides don't match
b. [blank_start]border irregularity[blank_end]- not smooth and have indentations
c. [blank_start]color[blank_end]- more than one color
d. [blank_start]diameter[blank_end]- larger than 6 mm in diameter
e. [blank_start]elevation[blank_end]- elevated above skin surface- AMelanoma
- Bmelanocytes
- Clymph
- Dblood
- EAsymmetry
- Fborder irregularity
- Gcolor
- Hdiameter
- Ielevation
34[blank_start]First degree burn[blank_end]- only epidermal damage e.g. sunburn
1. Heal in [blank_start]2-3[blank_end] days- AFirst degree burn
- B2-3
35[blank_start]Second degree burn[blank_end]- epidermis and upper dermis is damaged
1. [blank_start]blisters[blank_end] form (fluid collects in between the dermis and the epidermis)
2. Heal in [blank_start]3-4[blank_end] weeks
3. critical if more than [blank_start]25%[blank_end] of the body is affected- A25%
- B3-4
- Cblisters
- DSecond degree burn
36[blank_start]Third Degree Burn[blank_end]- epidermis and all of the dermis is damaged
1. charring of the muscle is common
2. nerve endings are destroyed so not so painful
3. [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] loss can be catastrophic (dehydration and electrolyte imbalance lead to [blank_start]renal[blank_end] failure and shock)
4. [blank_start]infection[blank_end] can be rampant
5. [blank_start]skin grafting[blank_end] necessary
6. critical if more than [blank_start]10%[blank_end] of the body is affected or if the [blank_start]face[blank_end], [blank_start]hands[blank_end], or [blank_start]feet[blank_end] have third degree burns- AThird Degree Burn
- Bfluid
- Crenal
- Dinfection
- Eskin grafting
- F10%
- Gface
- Hhands
- Ifeet
37Dermis: [blank_start]g[blank_end]
Hair follicle: [blank_start]b[blank_end]
Pore of sweat gland duct: [blank_start]i[blank_end]
Adipose tissue: [blank_start]d[blank_end]
Epidermis: [blank_start]h[blank_end]
Arrector pili: [blank_start]a[blank_end]
Eccrine sweat gland: [blank_start]e[blank_end]
Hair shaft: [blank_start]j[blank_end]
Sebaceous gland: [blank_start]c[blank_end]
Hypodermis: [blank_start]f[blank_end]
- Ag
- Bb
- Ci
- Dd
- Eh
- Fa
- Ge
- Hj
- Ic
- Jf
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Integumentary System, creado por Sara Cawthorne el 24/09/2020.
- Autor
- Sara Cawthorne
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 0
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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