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Preguntas del test (52)
1Most human cells contain ______ pairs of ______. Which of the following options most
accurately fits the spaces?- A23; genes
- B46; chromosomes
- C23; chromosomes
- D46; genes
2What is a molecular clock?
- AA branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among species
- BA measure of the difference between two genomes
- CAn estimate of the age of a last common ancestor
- DAn estimate of the rate of genetic mutation within a lineage
3The oldest pre-australopithecine, or a fossil linking late Miocene apes and australopithecines,
found to date is- AEoanthropus dawsoni
- BArdipithecus ramidus
- CSahelanthropus tchadensis
- DOrrorin tugenensis
4What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
- Amigration
- Bmutation
- Cgenetic drift
- Dnon-random mating
5Which of the following is true regarding the descent of humans?
- Ahumans evolved from chimpanzees
- Bhumans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor
- Chumans evolved from lemurs, not chimpanzees
- Dhumans evolved ahead of chimpanzees
6A person who has a homozygous gene combination for a particular trait or condition has which
of the following?- Aa recessive gene from the mother and a dominant gene from the father
- Beither a recessive or dominant gene from each parent
- Conly dominant genes from each parent
- Da dominant gene from the mother and a recessive gene from the father
7In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term 2pq represents the frequency of the
- Aheterozygotes
- Bdominant homozygotes
- Cdominant allele
- Drecessive homozygotes
8Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?
- AHigh rates of sickle cell disease in West and Central Africa
- BHigh rates of inherited deafness among British colonisers on Martha’s Vineyard (an island off
the coast of Massachusetts) - CAntibiotic resistant streptococcus
- DIncreasing rates of lactase persistence in north European populations
9 You have found an extinct species of primate that seems to have a high degree of sexual
dimorphism in canine size, with male canines being considerably longer than females’ on
average. What does this suggest about the species’ social structure?- AHigh levels of inter-male competition
- BHighly dispersed groups
- CHigh levels of female choosiness
- DSmall social groups
10Which evolved first in hominins, bipedalism or very large brains?
- Alarge brains
- Bthere is no evidence to say one way or the other
- Cbipedalism
- Dthey evolved at the same time
11The biggest physical difference between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens is
- Athe size of the brain
- Bthe size of the hands, especially the thumb
- Ctheir overall height
- Dhow straight the legs are
12The members of which primate group have the slowest life histories?
- ANew World Monkeys
- BProsimians
- COld World Monkeys
- DApes
13Which of the following would you expect to be true of human populations?
- ARacial groups are genetically very distinct
- BThere is usually more variation between populations than there is within them
- CThe fixation index for most H. sapiens traits is close to 1
- DThere is more variation within populations than there is between them
14Which of the following is an example of an ancestral trait?
- Athe first birds and all their descendant species have feathers, a trait that is unknown in any
other group - Bhumans and many insect species have eyes
- Call of these
- Dalmost all modern reptiles, birds and mammals have forelimbs, a trait they also share with
contemporary amphibians
- Athe first birds and all their descendant species have feathers, a trait that is unknown in any
15Which of the following is TRUE about human genetics?
- AThe environment is less important for shaping most phenotypes than genes
- BThere is a dominant and a recessive form of every gene
- CMost traits are the product of interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors
- DThere is a great deal of genetic variation in Homo sapiens compared with other species
16Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
- APentadactyl limbs in whales and bats
- BElongated finger for digging invertebrates from trees in the aye-aye (lemur) and striped
possum - CBipedalism in the humans and human ancestors
- DLack of a tooth comb in New World and Old World monkeys
17Why is the advent of reproductive isolation important from an evolutionary standpoint?
- AWhen the organisms comprising two populations of a species can no longer interbreed, the
flow of genetic material between them stops - BIt is not important from an evolutionary standpoint. The question is based on a false
assumption. - CReproductive isolation increases the mutation rate
- DReproductive isolation may slow reproduction
- AWhen the organisms comprising two populations of a species can no longer interbreed, the
18Epistasis is ________________
- AThe ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment
- BChanges to the phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in
the underlying DNA sequence - COne gene affects multiple phenotypic traits
- DThe interaction between two or more genes that control a single phenotype
19Referring to the figure above, these bones were found in the nest of an eagle, a major predator of
tree-dwelling primates. Analysis of these bones reveals they are from primate species known to
live a mainly solitary existence. From this analysis, you can hypothesize that- Aprimate sociality is beneficial to survival
- Bthe eagle preferentially preys on the weak
- Clarge primates were too heavy for the eagle to carry back to its nest
- Dsolitary primates can more easily hide in trees
20Different populations on the planet are under distinct pressures from disease because of all of the
following EXCEPT:- Aunderlying genetic composition or other biological factors.
- Bglobal culture
- Cgeopolitical realities
- Dsocio-economic realities.
21Which of the following is NOT used to determine phylogenetic relationships?
- AHardy-Weinberg equilibrium
- BMolecular clocks
- CBehaviour
- DMorphology
22Speciation is likely to be countered by:
- Agenetic drift
- Bmutation
- Cany reproductive isolating mechanism
- Dgene flow
23In an argument with your parents, they claim that the only difference between australopithecines
and Homo habilis is a bigger brain in the latter. You argue that there are other differences, such
as- Aall australopithecines had highly specialized diets; H. habilis did no
- Baustralopithecines were significantly shorter than H.habilis
- Caustralopithecines were not bipedal
- Din addition to a larger brain, H. habilis species have a smaller face and smaller teet
24A mutation within the TCF4 gene is associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2
diabetes. What is the chance that the child of two parents who both carry one copy of the
mutation will develop Type 2 diabetes?- A25%
- BWe can't say because many genes and environmental factors influence whether a person will
develop Type 2 diabetes - C75%
- DIt depends whether the trait is dominant or recessive
25Which of the following examples of variation is NOT important from an evolutionary
standpoint?- AGenetic differences between individual organisms comprising the population
- BPhenotypic differences that are due to the environment rather than genetic variation.
- CDifferences due to diet, health, age or accident that have no effect on an individual's ability to
survive and reproduce - DInherited differences between individual organisms comprising the population
26In which epoch do proto primates first appear in the fossil record?
- AOligocene
- BPalaeocene
- CEocene
- DMiocene
27Based on the length of time they lived/have lived on the earth, which species of hominin has
been most successful?- AHomo erectus
- Bthey are all equally successful
- CHomo habilis
- DHomo sapiens sapiens
28Which of the following is not a trend within the primate order?
- AFaster life histories
- BEmphasis on learned behaviour and social complexity
- CEncephalisation
- DManual dexterity
29Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of bipedal locomotion in humans?
- AExposure of the underbelly/vital organs
- BMore difficult birthing due to trade-offs between head size and pelvis shape
- CMore difficult thermoregulation
- DVisibility to predators in open environments
30Which of the following is FALSE about mtDNA?
- AIt is useful for reconstructing human migration patterns
- BmtDNA haplotypes provide only a partial picture of ancestry because they only trace one
lineage - CMutations accumulate more slowly than in nuclear DNA
- DIt is inherited maternally
31Was Australopithecus afarensis an obligate biped?
- ANo - it was probably a facultative biped
- BThere is insufficient evidence to say - we don't have any pieces of the postcranial skeleton
- CThere is disagreement - some scholars suggest obligate bipedalism, others facultative
- DYes - anatomical evidence indicates obligate bipedalism
32Vertical foreheads _______________
- Aare a uniquely derived trait in humans
- Bare seen in chimpanzees and bonobos are well as humans
- Care visible in Australopithecines
- Dare visible in all anthropoids
33Natural selection is related to primate communication in that
- Athe fittest members of a group will have the strongest vocal chords
- Bthe ability to communicate allows primates to pass on information necessary for survival
- Cthe calls that primates make have been honed through the millennia by selection against
deleterious semantics - Dprimates that cannot communicate verbally will be ostracized by their group
34In their natural habitat, the main food resource for pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea) is:
- Ainsects and small lizards
- Bfruits, flowers and nectar
- Cgum from specific trees
- Dterminal leaves
35Type A haemophilia is a heritable condition (though it can also arise through spontaneous
mutation), which is only rarely seen in women. This suggests that the gene responsible for the
condition is most likely on the- AX chromosome
- BY chromosome
- CSex chromosomes
- DWe can't tell
36While walking through a natural history museum, your little cousin points out the skull of an
australopithecine with a large crest on the top and asks you what its purpose was. To simplify a
complicated evolutionary trait, you tell your cousin that- Athese hominins had muscles to eat hard foods such as nuts
- Bthese hominins fought a lot, and the crest helped protect the brain
- Cthe crest is the result of upright posture necessary for bipedalism
- Dthe crest made it easier for these hominins to see in three dimensions
37Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Australopithecus afarensis dentition?
- AThick enamel
- BThree premolars in each quadrant
- CMolars were smaller than those seen in Paranthropus
- DReduced canines
38What's the difference between genetic drift and change due to natural selection?
- Agenetic drift does not require the presence of variation
- Bgenetic drift does not involve competition between members of a species
- Cnone of these
- Dgenetic drift never occurs in nature, natural selection does
39Which of the following statements is true?
- AEvolutionary processes are linear.
- BEvolution has an endpoint
- CEvolution results from biological processes.
- DEvolution has a goal
40Can sexual selection result in a poorer fit between the organism and the environment?
- AIt can’t – animals that fit poorly with the environment simply won’t reproduce
- BIt can – because animals may be selected for traits that confer no survival advantage but
which result in larger numbers of matings and hence offspring - CIt can – because animals are selected for traits that confer a survival advantage and result in
longer lived individuals. - DIt can’t – selection of any sort always results in a better fit between the organism and the
environment.
41Why are humans and all human ancestors since the Chimpanzee Human Last Common Ancestor
now referred to as hominins rather than hominids?- AThis classification makes more sense because humans and our recent ancestors are very
distinct from the other great apes - BThis classification provides greater support for great ape rights
- CThere is no difference between the two terms
- DThis classification makes more sense in light of new genetic and fossil data, which shows
great similarity between humans and the African apes.
- AThis classification makes more sense because humans and our recent ancestors are very
42For a woman living in the New Zealand, which genotype would be the most advantageous to
have?- Aheterozygous for the sickle cell allele
- Bhomozygous for the sickle cell allele
- Cit doesn't matter; all are equally advantageous
- Dhomozygous for the normal haemoglobin allele
43Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?
- Afitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats
- Bfitness reflects the number of mates each individual of the population selects
- Cfitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population
- Dfitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation
44The difference between Prosimians and strepsirhines is that the former includes:
- AAll wet nosed species of primate
- BAll dry nosed species of primate
- CTarsiers
- DOnly lemurs and lorises
45Both apes and lorises lack tails. This is an example of
- AConvergent evolution
- BParallel evolution
- CMutation
- DPunctuated equilibrium
46Modern humans of African origin are sometimes grouped as one population. What is wrong with
this grouping?- AAfrica contains more human genetic diversity than is found on any other continent
- BThere is evidence that African populations are too recent to be grouped as a separate
population - CAll of these
- DIt is only evidence from the mitochondria DNA that supports this and not the nuclear DNA
47A scientist measures the weight of newborn babies and discovers that the most common weight
is 3kg. What would you expect the most common weights to be after 10 generations of
stabilizing selection?- ACan't tell from the information given
- BGreater than 3kg and less than 3kg
- C3kg
- DSignificantly more than 3 kg
48Genotype is an individual's ______ and ______. Which of the following options most accurately
fits the spaces?- Aphysical appearance and behaviour; is the outward expression of its phenotype
- Bcognitive potential; reveals how genes influence behaviour
- Cintellectual ability; is influenced by interaction with a changing environment
- Dgenetic endowment; is unique to each individual (except in the case of identical twins)
49What does a Fixation Index tell us?
- AThe degree of genetic difference between sub-populations
- BThe arm to leg ratio of a species
- CWhether a population is evolving or in equilibrium
- DThe degree of inter-male competition within a species
50Which theory does the Australopithecus afarensis skeleton Lucy support?
- AAustralopithecus afarensis was the first hominin to use tools
- BBipedalism evolved before increased brain size in the hominin lineage
- CThe hominin lineage originated in Asia
- DHuman ancestors had strong mother-infant bonds
51Why is the classification of H. heidelbergensis debated?
- AThey may represent a transitional species rather than a true species
- BThey may be a chronospecies of H.erectus
- CAll of these
- DThey may have evolved through anagenesis rather than cladogenesis
52What's the difference between natural selection and sexual selection?
- Asexual selection occurs during sex
- Bnatural selection is a type of sexual selection
- Csexual selection is a type of natural selection
- Dnatural selection results in a better 'fit' between the organism and the environment, sexual
selection does not necessarily
Información
- Descripción
- 100 Anthropology Test sobre Sin título, creado por aall822 el 02/11/2015.
- Autor
- aall822
- Idioma
- English
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