Test
Cancer- Primary Events
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Preguntas del test (31)
1What is a primary event?
- AThe conversion of a normal cell to a transformed cell
- BThe conversion of a normal cell to a tumgeric cell
- CThe conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene
2What example of primary event is found in Burkitt's Lymphomoma?
- AGross DNA change- Chrimosomal translocation
- BGross DNA change- Chromsomal deletion
- CGross DNA change- Chromosomal insertion
3What occurs to the DNA in Burkett's Lymphoma?
- AThe C-myc transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
- BThe C-jun transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
- CThe Erk transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
4Which chromosomes fuse to form the Philadelphia chromosome?
- A9 & 22
- B7 & 13
- C6 & 10
- D12 & 21
5The loss of what chromosome causes retinoblastoma?
- A13
- B11
- C19
- D10
6Name all of the gross DNA changes that can cause oncogenes to form?
- AChromosome insertion
- BChromosome deletion
- CChromosomal translocatiion
- DChromosome fusion
7In Small Lung Lymphatic Lymphoma, what chromosome gains an extra copy?
- A12
- B1
- C7
- D16
8Can deletions and additions occur in the same tumor?
- AYes
- BNo
9A cancer is called a sarcoma- from what type of cell did it arise?
- AMuscle
- BSkin
- CConnective
10Leukaemia's are unusual proliferations of what type of cell?
- ABlood
- BLiver
- CKidney
11What differentiates a normal mole from a potential melanoma?
- AMoles are contained by capsules
- BMoles are smaller than melanomas
- CMoles have a regular/symmetrical shape
12When do normal cells cease to divide?
- AWhen they have terminally differentiated
- BWhen subject to stress/DNA damage
13Telomere's are shortened every time the cell replicates- what is this thought to contribute to?
- AThe Hayflick limit
- BCancer cell formation
- CCell immortality
14How are cancer cells thought to evade the Hayflick limit?
- AUse of telomerase to extend telomeres
- BUse of telomeric synthase to extend telomeres
- CUse of telomere synthase to extend telomeres
15The condition or process of deterioration with age- what is this defining?
- AMortality
- BTumergic emergence
- CSenescence
16The occurence of cancer rises steeply as people..
- AAge
- BGain weight
- CBecome less self sufficient
17What is considered (usually) to be the first mutation in a tumor forming cell
- AIncreased cell proliferation
- BSurvival in low O2 environments
- CProduction of cytotoxic chemicals
18What is an essential requirement for tumor cell formation
- AGenetic instability
- BNo seriously, otherwise they just stay normal cells
- CAnd don't mutate further
- DIt's kinda obvious, if you think about it
19Can a cell become too unstable genetically to survive?
- AYes
- BNo
20What is the difference between carcino and mutagenesis?
- ACarcinogenesis- generation of cancer
Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence - BCarcinogenesis- Generation of cancer
Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence caused by a carcinogen
- ACarcinogenesis- generation of cancer
21Why is Nitroform a direct carcinogen?
- AIt can damage DNA in it's present form (needn't be altered by metabolism)
- BCan cause the immediate appearance of tumergic cells
- CCan cause the appearence of more than one mutation at once
22Why is Aflatoxin not a direct carcinogen?
- AIt must be metabollically altered before binding to Guanine in DNA
- BIt must bind to other chemicals before binding to Guanine in DNA
- CIt must be imported directly into the nucleus before binding to Guanine in DNA
23What is the AMES test used for?
- ATo detect mutagenic properties
- BTo detect mutated cells
24Name the three components of the AMES test
- APossible mutagen
- BPossible carcinogen
- CHistadine dependent salmonella
- DLysine dependent salmonella
- EHomogenised liver extract
- FHomogenised stomach extract
25The cells in an AMES test are placed on an Agar plate lacking what?
- AHistadine
- BLysine
- CGuanine
26Tumor promoters act synergystically with what?
- ACarcinogens
- BCell proliferation
- CMutagens
27Do tumor promoters directly alter DNA?
- AYes
- BNo
28In tests, which had to be added first to promote tumor growth?
- AThe initiator- which causes DNA damage
- BThe promoter- which causes cell proliferation
- CEither- it doesn't matter
29What happens when, after the initiator is added, the promoter is added slowly?
- ANo tumor forms
- BA tumor forms
30Why is rapid cell proliferation required after mutation?
- AIt reactivates genes potentially silenced by initiator damage
- BForces the expression of damaged genes
- CBecause it does
31Name the factors that don't influence cancer cell formation
- ABasic Bodily functions i.e the production of O2 radicals
- BSmoking
- CEnvironment
- DDiet
- EReproductive life
- FDisease
Información
- Descripción
- Year 2 Test sobre Cancer- Primary Events, creado por gina_evans0312 el 30/11/2013.
- Autor
- gina_evans0312
- Idioma
- English
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- 684
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