4270338
| Question | Answer |
| Tiotropium inhaler I puff od used to | Enlarge airways |
| Fluticasone inhaler 250mcg bd | Prevent symptoms of asthma |
| Eryhtromycin 500mg qds | Antibiotic |
| Admission: Salbutamol Nebs 5mg qds | Short acting: opens up bronchioles |
| Ipratropium Nebs 500mcg tds | Short acting: opens up bronchioles |
| Prednisdone 40mg om 5 days | Steroids to reduce inflammation in airways |
| Ciprofloxacin 500mg bd | Antibiotic |
| Stage 1 | Cancer small Only in one area of lung (localised) |
| Phrenic nerve | Helps you breathe Pulls diaphragm down |
| Stage 2 | Cancer is larger May have grown into surrounding tissues and there may be cancer in lymph nodes |
| Size of tumour in stage 2A | 5-7cm OR Tumour is less than 5cm and there are cancer cells in lymph nodes nearby |
| Size of tumour in stage 2B | Tumour is 5-7cm in lymph nodes |
| Stage 3 | Cancer is larger and may have grown into surrounding tissues and there may be cancer cells in lymph nodes (locally advanced) |
| Meaning of TNM | Tumour, Node, Metastases |
| Meaning of T in TNM | Size of tumour |
| Meaning of N in TNM | Whether cancer cells have spread into lymph nodes (N) close to the cancer |
| Meaning of M in TNM | Whether cancer cells have spread anywhere else in the body, metases (M) |
| T1A | Tumour is contained within lung and is smaller than 2cm across |
| T1B | Tumour contained within the lung and is between 2 and 3cm across |
| T2 | Tumour between 3 and 7cm across or has grown into the largest |
| T3 | Tumour >7cm or has grown into one of the following: chest wall central lining of chest cavity (mediastinal pleura) Muscle at bottom of chest cavity (diaphragm) Outer covering of the heart (pericardium) OR tumour has made whole lung collapse |
| N0 | No cancer in any lymph nodes |
| N1 | Cancer in lymph nodes nearest affected lung |
| N2 | Cancer in lymph nodes in the centre of chest (mediastinum) but on same side as affected lung OR cancer in lymph nodes just under where windpipe branches off to each lung |
| N3 | Cancer in lymph nodes on opposite side of the chest from affected lung |
| M0 | No sign cancer has spread to another lobe of the lung or any other part of body |
| M1a | Tumours in both lungs of fluid around lung/heart that contains cancer cells, malignant pleural effusion/pericardial effusion |
| M1b | Lung cancer cells in distant parts of the body - liver or bones |
| Atropine | |
| Atropine is a what type of amine | Tertiary |
| Ipratropium is common structural feature which | is in a charged form with a permanent positive charge - charged molecules do not cross the membrane very well |
| How the 3 drugs work | Relieves muscle contraction by blocking parasympathetic nerves rather than causing constriction - dilate |
