Test
Chapter 23
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Preguntas del test (54)
1In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by
- ASecreting erythropoietin
- BSecreting rennin
- CDeaminating amino acids
- DProducing uric acid
- EContributing to calcium homeostasis
2This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of
- AAmmonia
- BAzotemia
- CUric acid
- DCreatinine
- EUrea
3Which organ system does not excrete waste?
- AThe urinary system
- BThe respiratory system
- CThe digestive system
- DThe integumentary system
- EThe cardiovascular system
4Which is not a function of the kidneys?
- AThey regulate osmolarity of the body fluids
- BThey fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D
- CThey help control blood pressure
- DThey release waste into the bloodstream
- EThey indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin
5Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?
- AUrethra
- BCollecting duct
- CUreter
- DUrinary bladder
- EKidney
6A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of midback pain. X rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?
- APyuria
- BHematuria
- CAlbuminuria
- DUremia
- EPhenylketonuria
7The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as
- AThe perirenal fat capsule
- BThe renal fascia
- CThe hilum
- DThe fibrous capsule
- EThe renal medulla
8A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of
- ATwo calyces and a renal pelvis
- BOne pyramid and the overlying cortex
- COne major calyx and all of its minor calyces
- DA renal medulla and two renal columns
- EOne collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
9A renal pyramid voids urine into
- AThe minor calyx
- BThe major calyx
- CThe renal medulla
- DThe renal papilla
- EThe ureter
10Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
- AArcuate a. → interlobar a. → arfferent arteriole → interlobular a.
- BInterlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
- CSegmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a.
- DAfferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
- ESegmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
11The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the:
- AGlomerulus
- BMedulla
- CCortical radiate veins
- DPeritubular capillaries
- EVasa recta
12The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney
- A1.2 million
- B2.4 Million
- C3.6 million
- D5.6 million
- E4.8 million
13Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?
- Ainterlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
- Barcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
- Cinterlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.
- Dsegmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
- Einterlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
14Blood plasma is filtered in
- AThe renal tubule
- BThe renal corpuscle
- CThe renal capsule
- DThe renal column
- EThe renal calyx
15Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?
- AMacula densa cells
- BMesangial cells
- CNephrocytes
- DPodocytes
- EMonocytes
16All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of
- AThe thin segment of the nephron loop
- BThe thick segment of the nephron loop
- CThe collecting duct
- DThe proximal convoluted tubule
- EThe distal convoluted tubule
17Which are primarily responsible for maintain the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
- ACortical nephrons
- BJuxtamedullary nephrons
- CCollecting ducts
- DProximal convoluted tubules
- EDistal convoluted tubules
18In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as
- APlasma
- BGlomerular filtrate
- CTubular Fluid
- DRenal filtrate
- EMedullary filtrate
19Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _______ to form angiotensin I
- ALungs
- BKidneys
- CLiver
- DHeart
- ESpleen
20Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _______ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
- AProximal convoluted tubules
- BDistal convolutes tubules
- CLoops of Henle
- DCollecting ducts
- EGlomeruli
21Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except:
- APotassium
- BSodium Chloride
- CHydrogen Ions
- DUrea
- EWater
22Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except
- AIncreasing glomerular filtration rate
- BInhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
- CInhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney
- DInhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct
- EPreventing sodium loss in the urine
23Hypocalcemia stimulates
- AA decrease in aldosterone production
- BSecretion of parathyroid hormone
- CSecretion of renin
- DAn increase in blood urea nitrogen
- EVasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
24Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
- ACollecting Ducts
- BGlomerulus
- CProximal convoluted tubule
- DDistal convoluted tubule
- ENephron loop
25The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
- AThe body's water volume is high
- BThe body's pH is low
- CThe output of antidiuretic hormone is high
- DThe output of natriuretic peptides is high
- EA person is lost and deprived of drinking water the body's water volume is high
26Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?
- AThe collecting duct
- BThe countercurrent multiplier
- CThe length of the nephrons
- DDiuretics
- EThe countercurrent exchange system
27The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ________ and is based on fluid flowing in _________ direction in two adjacent tubules
- APotassium; the same
- BCalcium; the opposite
- CCalcium; the same
- DSodium; the opposite
- ESodium; the same
28The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is
- ATo supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
- BTo supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex
- CTo supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla
- DTo remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex
- ETo remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla
29Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?
- AAldosterone
- BAntidiuretic hormone
- CParathyroid hormone
- DNorepinephrine
- EAngiotensin II
30Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except:
- ACreatine
- BUrobilin
- CGlucose
- DAmmonia
- EMagnesium
31What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?
- AMonochrome
- BUrochrome
- CMultichrome
- DCyanochrome
- EPyuria
32The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is:
- A1.0 L
- B1.5 L
- C2.0 L
- D0.5 L
- E3.0 L
33Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of:
- ADiabetes insipidus
- BAcute glomerulonephritis
- CDiabetes mellitus
- DRenal calculus
- EPyelitis
34Loop diuretics reduce body water context by acting on:
- AThe feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
- BThe countercurrent multiplier system
- CThe countercurrent exchanger system
- DAquaporins of the collecting duct
- EThe thirst mechanism and water intake
35A hospital patient produces 4 mL. min of urine with a urea concentration of 8mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of .4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filrate?
- A40%
- B56%
- C64%
- D72%
- E80%
36Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?
- Ainsulin and glucose
- Binulin and creatinine
- Csodium and water
- Dalbumin and inulin
- Einsulin and urea
37Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that:
- Ait is produced in the pulmonary tissue.
- Bit is secreted by the renal tubules.
- Cit is absorbed by the renal tubules.
- Dit is secreted by the glomerulus.
- Eit is absorbed by the loop of Henle.
38Which of the following is not found in the ureter?
- AAdventitia
- BTwo layers of smooth muscle
- CThree layers of smoother muscle
- DTransitional epithelium
- ESkeletal muscle
39Which muscle is located in the bladder?
- ADetrusor
- BDistractor
- CPubococcygeus
- Dcorpus spongiosum
- Ecorpus cavernosum
40Which is not a portion of the urethra?
- Aexternal urethral orifice
- Binternal urethral sphincter
- Cprostatic urethra
- Dmembraneous urethra
- Espongy urethra
41Micturition is another term for:
- Athe production of nitrogenous wastes
- Bglomerular filtration
- Cthe elimination of urine
- Dthe countercurrent multiplier process
- Einflammation of the urinary bladder
42The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
43Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
44Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
45Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
46Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
47The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
48The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
49Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
50Angiotensin converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
51Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
52Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
53The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
54The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
Información
- Descripción
- 3410 Anatomy Test sobre Chapter 23, creado por Avi Chudasama el 15/12/2015.
- Autor
- Avi Chudasama
- Idioma
- English
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- 436
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