Test
Cell signalling 1
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Preguntas del test (38)
1The cascade of processes by which an extracellular stimulus (typically a neurotransmitter or hormone) effects a change in cell function
- Asignalling
- Btransmission
- Ccatalysis
- Dinduction
- Eelectrochemical trigger
2Glutamate
- AStimulus driven by neurotransmitters
- BStimulus driven by hormones
3Adrenaline
- AStimulus driven by hormones
- BStimulus driven by neurotransmitters
4Label the image
- Areceptors
- Bextracellular signal molecule
- Creceptor protein
- Dintracellular signal proteins
- Etarget proteins
- Fcytoskeletal protein
- Ggene regulatory protein
- Hmetabolic enzyme
5Ion channels are often selective for a particular ion
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6Label the image
- AK+
- BCa2+
7is required to start fertilization - live signal
- ACa2+
- BK+
- CNa+
- DCl-
8Ca2+ - pleiotropic messenger, a variety of functions, can regulate only one process under various timescales
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9Calcium signalling occurs in..
- Aexocytosis
- Bcontraction
- Cmetabolism
- Dgene transcription
- Efertilization
- Fproliferation
- Gprotection
10Label the image
- Ahydrophobic molecules
- Bsmall uncharched polar molecules
- Clarge uncharged polar molecules
- Dions
11Label the image
- Asolute-binding site
- Bsolute
- Clipid bilayer
- Daqueous pore
- Ecarrier protein
- Fchannel protein
12Label the image
- ANa+
- BK+
- CMg2+
- DCa2+
- EH+
- FCl-
13There is a concentration gradient across the membrane
[blank_start]Na+[blank_end] - higher outside
[blank_start]K+[blank_end] - higher inside - reverse gradient
[blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] - extremely low at the inside (milimolar ranges)- ANa+
- BK+
- CCa2+
14Label the image
- AER
- Blysosomes
- Cmitochondria
15Ca2+ concentration s very high within the lumen of [blank_start]ER[blank_end]
[blank_start]Lysosomes[blank_end] contain hydrolytic enzymes that have optimum pH, [blank_start]low[blank_end] pH needed to allow degradation to occur
Concentration of protons is relatively [blank_start]low[blank_end] in the cytosol compared to the inner part of the lysosomes
Proton gradient is required for the synthesis of [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]- AER
- BGolgi complex
- CLysosomes
- DChloroplasts
- Elow
- Fhigh
- Glow
- Hhigh
- IATP
- Jproteins
16Label the image
- APassive transport
- BActive transport
- Cchannel-mediated
- Dcarrier-mediated
- Esimple diffusion
- Fchannel protein
- Gcarrier protein
- Htransported molecule
- Ilipid bilayer
- Jconcentration gradient
17Label the image
- APassive
- Bel.chem gradient, no membrane potential
- Cmembrane potential, negative inside
- Dmembrane potential, positive inside
18Membrane potential
Cells have electrical imbalance - cells are [blank_start]negative[blank_end] inside relative the outside, [blank_start]inward[blank_end] diffusion of the positive charged ions can be facilitated through the membrane potential
Membrane potential can revert in electrically [blank_start]active excited[blank_end] cells - the transport of the ions will be [blank_start]less[blank_end] effective. When considering ionic flux not only the ion gradient, but also the [blank_start]electrical[blank_end] gradient- Anegative
- Bpositive
- Cinward
- Doutward
- Eactive excited
- Finactive
- Gless
- Hmore
- Ielectrical
- Jchemical
19Label the image
- ANa+ electrochemical gradient
- BK+ electrochemical gradient
- CNa+
- DK+
- EATP
- FADP
- GK+ binding site
- HNa+ binding site
20Label the image
- A6
- B2
- C3
- D5
- E4
- F1
- G1.5
- H4.5
21P - [blank_start]phosphorylation[blank_end], protein has two major conformations - closed and open
[blank_start]Na[blank_end] binds on the inside of the cell, then the ATP comes in and phosphorylates/adds P to the protein, [blank_start]hydrolysis[blank_end] of ATP switches the conformation of the protein
Na can leave the protein , the K binds to the new conformation of the protein, then it is [blank_start]dephosphorylated[blank_end] , which allows the [blank_start]K[blank_end] to leave and the conformation returns to the [blank_start]initial[blank_end]- Aphosphorylation
- BNa
- Chydrolysis
- Ddephosphorylated
- EK
- Finitial
22PMCA pumps Ca2+ from the outside of the cell to the cytoplasm against the gradient
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
23PMCA - [blank_start]plasma membrane calcium atpase[blank_end]
SERCA - [blank_start]sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium[blank_end] atpase
NCX - [blank_start]Na Ca exchange[blank_end]- Aplasma membrane calcium atpase
- BNa Ca exchange
- Csarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium
24Label the image
- APMCA
- BSERCA
- CNCX
25SERCA, PMCA, are...
- AP-type ATPase
- BS-type ATPase
- CN-type ATPase
- DR-type ATPase
26SERCA pumps Ca2+ from the cytosol into the lumen of the ER, requires energy
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27Label the image
- AUniport
- BSymport
- CAntiport
- Dcoupled transport
- Eco-transported ion
- Ftransported molecule
- Glipid bilayer
28In NCX Na gradient is used to drive Ca2+ efflux via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (symporter)
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29Label the image
- A3Na+
- Bin
- Cout
- DCa2+
30Active transport
- ASERCA
- BNCX
- CPMCA
31Label the image
- Avoltage-gated
- Bligand-gated, extracellular
- Cmechanically gated
- Dligand-gated, intracellular
32Label the image
- AVoltage-sensing domain
- BPore domain
33Label the image
- Atetramer
- Bpseudo-tetramer
- CK+ channel
- DNa+/Ca2+ channel
34Ion selectivity in [blank_start]K+[blank_end] channels is mediated by the selectivity filter
Binds K only when [blank_start]not bound[blank_end] to water , must go through the hole in a [blank_start]dehydrated[blank_end] manner, that's why Na get to the channel but cannot pass because [blank_start]cannot be stabilized[blank_end] - electrostatically [blank_start]unfavorable[blank_end]
The [blank_start]pore[blank_end] region - where ions go through the membrane , K ions are [blank_start]bigger[blank_end] than Na ions , Na goes through [blank_start]small[blank_end] things better
The selectivity filter [blank_start]stabilizes[blank_end] the larger dehydrated K+ ion- AK+
- BNa+
- Cnot bound
- Dbound
- Edehydrated
- Fhydrated
- Gcannot be stabilized
- His stabilised
- Iunfavorable
- Jfavourable
- Kpore
- Lbarrel
- Mbigger
- Nsmaller
- Osmall
- Pbig
- Qstabilizes
- Rdestabilizes
35Label the image
- AK+
- BNa+
- CK+
- DNa+
- EK+
- FNa+
- GK+
- HNa+
- INarrowest constriction
- Jselective barrel
- Kion in selectivity filter
- Lion in vestibule
- Mion in selectivity filter
- Nion in vestibule
36Voltage sensing is mediated by [blank_start]positively[blank_end] charged residues in the [blank_start]S4[blank_end] region
Regularly spaced [blank_start]arginine (R)[blank_end] and [blank_start]lysine (K)[blank_end] residues “sense” potential changes- Apositively
- Bnegatively
- CS4
- DS6
- Earginine (R)
- Fcysteine (C)
- Glysine (K)
- Hhistidine (H)
37Ions exist in gradients across both the [blank_start]PM[blank_end] and organelles.
Ion transport is effected by [blank_start]transporters[blank_end] and ion channels.
Transport can be passive or [blank_start]active[blank_end].
Ion gradients are generated by active transport (via [blank_start]P-type ATPases[blank_end]) and coupled secondary transport [blank_start](exchangers)[blank_end].
Na+ and K+ gradients are established by the Na+-K+ pump.
[blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] gradient across the PM is generated by [blank_start]PMCA[blank_end] and NCX.
Voltage-gated [blank_start]Na+[blank_end], K+ and Ca2+ channels share a similar tetrameric [blank_start]structure.[blank_end]
These channels comprise [blank_start]voltage-sensing[blank_end] and pore forming [blank_start]domains.[blank_end]
Key residues in these domains allow [blank_start]selective[blank_end] ion transport in response to [blank_start]voltage changes[blank_end].- APM
- Btransporters
- Cactive
- DP-type ATPases
- E(exchangers)
- FCa2+
- GNa+
- HPMCA
- Istructure.
- Jdomains.
- Kvoltage-sensing
- Lselective
- Mvoltage changes
38Label the image
- AS3b
- BS4
- Cextracellular
- Dintracellular
- Edepolarize
- Fhyperpolize
Información
- Descripción
- 1st year Biochemistry and molecular biology Test sobre Cell signalling 1, creado por MrSujg el 28/01/2016.
- Autor
- MrSujg
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 5
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test