Test
Cardio Exam 1 set 2
Preguntas del test (22)
1Which of the following is FALSE regarding the M-mode ECHO modality?
- AHas excellent temporal resolution so it is well suited to the examination of rapidly moving structures
- BCan use it to measure the left ventricle
- CCan use it to measure systolic function
- DUse the long axis of the heart
22D mode is a cross section of the heart. You can evaluate the heart on the long or short axis. The resolution is better than M-mode images.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3What information can you get from a cardiac ultrasound? Check all that apply.
- AConfirm suspected diagnosis
- BSuperior evaluation of cardiac dimensions of the right ventricle and right atrium
- CEvaluate valvular morphology
- DEvaluation of ventricular systolic function
- EEvaluation of severity of stenosis or shunts
4Which of the following apply to spectral Doppler? Check all that apply.
- AAllows to measure blood velocity
- BAllows to establish the severity of a stenosis (continuous Doppler)
- CAllows to establish direction of the blood through a shunt (L to R or R to L) and the pressure gradient
- DAllows non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension
- EAllows to identify fast turbulent flow (stenotic valve, valvular insufficiency)
- FAllows to subjectively assess severity of valve regurgitation
5ΔP = 4 x v². Which of the following is FALSE about this equation?
- AIt is called Bernoulli's equation
- BIs used to quantify stenosis
- CIs used with color Doppler
- DIs used to evaluate direction and pressure gradient through a shunt
6Which image below is of an ECHO on the long axis?
- A
- B
- A
7When distinguishing between mediastinal fat and cardiomegaly, fuzzy margins and a more radiolucent area surrounding the heart indicate cardiomegaly.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Which of the following is FALSE?
- AThe cardiac silhouette may be enlarged without heart enlargement. This occurs commonly in obese animals where fat is deposited in the pericardium.
- BAthletic dogs may have slightly larger hearts.
- CPuppies appear to have larger hearts relative to their body size.
- DRadiographs help distinguish between dilation and hypertrophy.
- EBreed conformation causes a tremendous variation in cardiac shape and size.
9Which of the following indicate right heart enlargement? Check all that apply.
- AEnlargement of dorsocaudal border
- BDorsal deviation of entire trachea (parallel to spine)
- CMay see caudal bronchi compression
- DCaudal heart border elongated and upright
- EIncreased width of heart
- FIncreased sternal contact
- GElevation of apex
- HElevation of trachea if severe
10Right heart enlargement in a cat looks like a Valentine's heart.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11Which of the following is FALSE about congenital heart disease?
- AAlmost all patients have a cardiac murmur
- BAbsence of clinical signs at the time of detection is typical and implies good prognosis
- CSome lesions can be corrected but are associated with high mortality if untreated
- DDefinitive non-invasive diagnosis requires Doppler echocardiography
12Congenital heart disease may cause a soft murmur but a loud one always indicates the presence of disease.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Which of the following is TRUE of therapy of congenital heart disease?
- ACHD is most appropriately treated by medical therapy
- BAll surgical approaches (not including interventional catheterization) require cardiopulmonary bipass
- CInterventional catheterization is nearly as invasive as surgeries
- DSome forms of CHD can be treated definitively
14Which of the following is FALSE about PDA?
- AOne of the most common forms of CHD in dogs
- BIf a murmur is truly continuous, PDA is almost always the cause
- CPDA imposes volume overload on the right atrium and right ventricle, therefore right-sided CHF is a potential consequence
- DMortality is high without correction. Transcatheter occlusion or surgical ligation represent definitive management
15Which of the following describe pulmonic stenosis? Check all that apply.
- AImposes a pressure overload on the right ventricle
- BSeverely affected dogs may develop and succumb to right-sided CHF in the first years of life despite a lack of clinical signs during puppyhood
- CDefinitive diagnosis requires Doppler ECHO
- DInitial treatment of choice is balloon valvuloplasty
- EA common malformation most often in large breed dogs
- FImposes a pressure overload on the left ventricle
- GDefinitive diagnosis requires M-mode ECHO
- HSeverely affected dogs are more likely to die suddenly than to develop CHF
- IManagement options are few, beta-blockade may be palliative
16Isolated ventricular septal defects cause a diastolic murmur, shunts left to right and imposes a volume overload on the left atrium and left ventricle. Most VSD in small animals is severe with significant clinical consequences.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
17Which of the following describe concentric hypertrophy? Check all that apply.
- AHypertrophy associated with normal chamber dimensions
- BHypertrophy associated with chamber dilation
- CConsequence of pressure overloads
- DConsequence of volume overloads
18Which of the following is FALSE regarding atrial septal defects?
- AA left-to-right ASD imposes a volume load on the right atrium and ventricle
- BIf present, a murmur results from "functional pulmonic stenosis" not the shunt itself
- CASDs are relatively uncommon
- DCan be repaired per-catheter using an occluding device or surgically under cardiopulmonary bypass
- EAll of the above are true
- FAll of the above are false
19Which of the following is FALSE regarding AV valve dysplasia?
- ACan result in regurgitation or stenosis
- BRelatively common in cats
- CTricuspid valvular dysplasia is relatively common in labradors
- DSeverity is often mild
- ERegurgitation as a result of dysplasia requires cardiopulmonary bypass for correction
20Cyanotic heart disease results when there is a shunt at one of the following: tricuspid stenosis, severe pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension associated with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21Eisenmenger's Physiology states that decreased pulmonary blood flow can result in vascular disease, a drop in pulmonary vascular resistance and shunt reversal.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
22Tetrology of Fallot is an uncommon cyanotic heart disease. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic malposition are all present. Definitive repair is under cardiopulmonary bypass. Phlebotomy/beta-blockade may be palliative.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
Información
- Descripción
- ECHO, radiology, congenital heart disease
- Autor
- karahm
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 118
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test