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Patho Final
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Preguntas del test (141)
1Acronym for early stroke awareness
- AFUN
- BFACE
- CFAST
- DRACE
2What does the 'F' in FAST stand for?
- AFace
- BFast Response
- CFalse
- DFinish a sentence
3Movement of arms like a 'C' inward toward spinal cord is called:
- Adecerebrate
- B'C'eizure
- Cdecorticate
- Dmuscle spasms
4A transient ischemic attack or 'TIA' usually
- Alasts 2-3 hours
- Bhas permanent effects
- Clasts less than 1 hour
- Ddue to hemorrhage
5Hemiplegia describes paralysis involving
- Aunilateral side of body
- Blower extremeties
- Call four extremeties
- Dmuscles of the mouth
6Clinical manifestations of CVA include:
- AHTN, dysphagia, arm drift, facial droop
- Bburning in throat, epigastric pain
- Cpolyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
- Dchest pain and SOB
7Types of ischemic stroke are:
- Athrombotic
- Bhemorrhagic
- Ctransient
- Dembolic
8Cells involved in clearing blood debris of a hemorrhagic stroke include:
- ARBCs
- Blymphokines
- Castrocytes
- Dmacrophages
9What are clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke?
- Aheadache that develops in seconds, decreased LOC
- Burinary and bowel incontinence
- Caphasia, apraxia
- Dincreased hunger
10Decerebrate posturing is described as:
- Aextensor posturing
- Barms like an 'X'
- Carms like a 'C'
- Dstiff neck
11Neurological symptoms of a stroke appear as:
- Asymmetrical
- Bopposite side of injury
- Cgradual onset
- Dhypotension
12Pt is exhibiting signs of right brain stroke, which side of the body will you see s/s?
- Aleft side
- Bright side
- Cboth sides
- Dneither side
13Documenting a pt as lethargic means
- Aeasy arousal
- Bno verbal response
- Cminimal verbal response
- Ddisorientation to time
14Pt only opens eyes w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
- Acoma
- Bobtundation
- Clethargy
- Dstupor
15Increased intracranial pressure causes decrease in cerebral perfusion
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
16The most common cause of osteomyelitis is:
- Ahematogenous spread of infection
- Brheumatoid disease
- Cdirect contamination of an open wound
- Ddeficiency of calcium.
- Edeficiency of vitamin D
17The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves:
- Ainadequate mineralization
- Bimpaired synthesis of bone organic matrix
- Calteration in the OPG/RANKL/RANK system
- Dformation of sclerotic bone
- Enone of these
18RA begins with:
- Adestruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue
- Binflammation of ligaments
- Cdestruction of the articular cartilage
- Dsoftening of the articular cartilage
- Edestruction of the joint capsule
19The causes of OA include which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
- Aenzymatic breakdown
- Bproteoglycan destruction
- Crheumatoid factor
- Dcirculating immune complexes
- Einfections
20Ankylosing spondylitis: (More than one answer may be correct.)
- Ais a systemic immune inflammatory disease
- Bis characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine.
- Ccauses instability of synovial joints
- Dbegins with inflammation of fibrocartilage
- Eis manifested early by low back pain and stiffness
21In gout:
- Athe pathogenesis is formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues.
- Bpurine metabolism is altered.
- Caffected individuals likely have an inherited enzyme defect.
- Dthe hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
- Eall of these
22A muscle contracture is:
- Athe hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
- Bmuscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury
- Coften helped by relaxation training and biofeedback
- Da consequence of reduced muscle protein synthesis
- Eall of these
23Sprains:
- Aarticular cartilages lose contact entirely
- Barticular cartilages are partially separated
- Ccomplete separation of a tendon or a ligament
- Da ligament tear
24osteo-
- Apertaining to the bone
- Bpertaining to the cartilage
- Cmuscle
- Dpertaining to the joing
25condro-
- Apertaining to the bone
- Bpertaining to the cartilage
- Cmuscle
- Dpertaining to the joint
26Rhabdo-
- Aliterally means 'rod' or 'rod-like'
- Bmuscle weakness
27myo-
- Amuscle
- Bmuscle weakness
- Ctumors of the connective tissue
28artho-
- Apertaining to the bone
- Bpertaining to the cartilage
- Cmuscle
- Dpertaining to the joint
29muscle diagnosis in which there is muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber
- Afibromyalgia
- Bmyopathy
- Cneuropathy
- Dsprain
30A sarcoma is a group of tumors arising from connective tissue
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by damage or destruction in the _____ or _____ and by systematic signs of inflammation (select all that apply)
- Aconnective tissue
- Bsynovial membrane
- Carticular cartilage
- Dnerve fibers
32Non-inflammatory disease caused by a progression of loss in cartilage
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
33Non-infectious disease caused by an autoimmune reaction
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
34Sclerosis of bone underneath the cartilage and formation of bone spurs is possible with _____
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
35_____ has a higher incidence in the elderly and is primarily idiopathic
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
36Chronic condition caused by deterioration of cartilage (damaging chondrocytes). Cartilage becomes thin, flaky, then absent. Bone surfaces become less protected and therefore pt experiences pain upon weight bearing and mobilization
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
37Risk factors for _____ include: advancing age, joint trauma, long-term mechanical stress, drugs, obesity, and endocrine DOs
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
38Clinical manifestations of _____ include: deformity/nodules at ends of digits, worsening pain with activity, and asymmetrical symptoms
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
39Pain worsens with activity
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
40AM pain/stiffness diminishes in about 30 minutes after getting out of bed
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
41Diagnosis of _____ can be done with an x-ray
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
42An inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, primarily involving damage to the connective tissue in the synovial membrane. Cause is unknown, but multifactorial contributors and genetic predisposition have been noted
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
43Neutrophils and other cells in synovial fluid become activated and thicken becoming inflammatory exudate. Joint become swollen and inflamed. Inflammation causes small venules to become occluded w/ cells --> decrease in vascular flow to the joint. Inflammatory cytokines induce enzymatic breakdown of cartilage and bone.
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
44Pannus, which is associated with _____, grows over the articular surface and causes destruction
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
45Pain worsens w/ rest
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
46Morning pain/stiffness lasts 1+ hours after getting out of bed
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
47Clinical manifestations of _____ include: fever, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, joint pain/stiffness/tenderness, joints warm to touch, deformity (swan hands). and decreased ROM. Symptoms occur symmetrically
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
48Starts in fingers and wrists w/ later involvement in weight bearing joints (ankles & feet).
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
49Complications of _____ include: systemic effects including skin, cardiac valves, pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, and spleen; formation of nodules w/ central tissue necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
50Blood tests are used to diagnose _____
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
51Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by a _____ infection.
- Acandidal
- Bstaph
- Cstrep
52_____ osteomyelitis may originate from an open wound, open fracture, penetrating wound, or surgical procedure
- Aexogenous
- Bendogenous
53_____ osteomyelitis may originate from pathogens carried in the blood from sites of infection elsewhere in the body
- Aexogenous
- Bendogenous
54Clinical manifestations of _____ include: acute or chronic inflammation, fever, pain, and necrotic bone.
- Aosteoarthritis
- BRA
- Costeomyelitis
55As you age, the amount of cartilage in your body starts to build up
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
56Fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
- Atendon
- Bligament
57band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones where they meet in a joint
- Atendon
- Bligament
58tearing or stretching of a muscle or tendon is commonly known as a:
- Asprain
- Bstrain
59Ligament tears are commonly known as:
- Asprains
- Bstrains
60What makes up the CNS
- Abrain
- Bspinal cord
- Ccranial nerves
- Dspinal nerves
61What makes up the PNS
- Abrain
- Bspinal cord
- Ccranial nerves
- Dspinal nerves
62The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are components of the _____ nervous system
- Aautonomic
- Bsomatic
63What are the types of pain?
- Avisceral
- Bsomatic
- Creferred
64In promoting health maintenance for prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the highest risk for the most common type of CVA is seen in
- AAfrican Americans with hypertension and diabetes.
- BWomen who smoke
- CPeople w/ DM
- DThose who are obese with high dietary fat-intake.
65the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage
- Aaphasia
- Bapraxia
- Cagnosia
66the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. With speech, the messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue
- Aaphasia
- Bapraxia
- Cagnosia
67is the inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific
- Aagnosia
- Bapraxia
- Caphasia
68means 'weakness'
- A-plegia
- B-paresis
69means paralysis or no movement at all
- A-plegia
- B-paresis
70Which is not a neuromodulator of pain?
- Aprostaglandins
- B5-hydroxytryptamine
- Cnorepinephrine
- Dlymphokines
- Eheparin
71 An individual shows flexion in upper extremities and extension in lower extremities. This is:
- Adecorticate posturing
- Bdecerebrate posturing.
- Cexcitation posturing
- Dcaloric posturing
72 Alzheimer disease:
- Acan be caused by increased cerebral levels of acetylcholine
- Bis most prevalent as a late-onset dementia
- Cmanifests as nerve cell tangles
- Dmanifests as neuron senile plaques.
- Eall of these
73 Dystonia is:
- Aabnormal posture maintained by muscular contractions
- Bflexed posture
- Cstooped, hyperflexed posture.
- Da spastic gait
74Confusion:
- Aorientation to person, time, and place
- Bslow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
- Cinability to think clearly
- Dvocalization in response to pain stimuli
- Eno arousal
75Coma:
- Aorientation to person, time, and place
- Bslow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
- Cinability to think clearly
- Dvocalization in response to pain stimuli
- Eno arousal
76TIAs are:
- Aunilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
- Bgeneralized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every hour
- Cfocal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last more than an hour, and clear without evidence of infarction
- Dneurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.
77Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
- Apolycythemia vera
- BHTN
- CDM
- Dhyperhomocysteinemi
- Eall of these
78Which most typically characterizes the victims of a cerebral embolic stroke
- Aindividuals older than 65 years with a history of hypertension
- Bindividuals with a long history of TIA
- Cmiddle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
- Dindividuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear
79Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in which of the following cerebrovascular accidents.
- ATIA
- Bthrombotic
- Cembolic
- Dhemorrhagic
80Pain is a compensatory mechanism to stabalize the environment and maintain homeostasis
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
81Not all pain involves tissue injury, release of chemical (inflammatory), mediators, and sensitization of spinal cord neurons
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
82The _____ Theory asserts that non-painful input 'closes' the gates to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the CNS.
- AGate Control
- BSpecificity of Pain
- CIntensity of Pain
- DPattern of Pain
83These fibers are associated w/ 'fast' pain
- AA-delta
- BC
84These fibers are associated w/ 'slow' pain
- AA-delta
- BC
85Nociceptors are free nerve ending in the _____ PNS
- Aafferent
- Befferent
86_____ are widespread in the superficial layers of the skin, periosteum, arterial walls, and joint surfaces
- Anociceptors
- Bneurons
- Cneuromodulators
- Daxons
87_____ are myelinated
- AA-delta
- BC
88_____ fibers are associated with mechanical or thermal stimulation (needle stick, knife cut, acute burn) and are transmitted in less than 0.1 seconds
- AA-delta
- BC
89associated with acute pain
- AA-delta
- BC
90_____ fibers are stimulated by chemicals, mechanically, or thermally. Some examples include aches, throbbing, and nauseous pain
- AA-delta
- BC
91_____ fibers transmit signals at a rate of over 1 second
- AA-delta
- BC
92Associated w/ chronic pain
- AA-delta
- BC
93Neuromodulators are messengers released from a neuron in the _____, or in the periphery that affects groups of neurons or effector cells that have the appropriate receptors.
- ACNS
- BPNS
94_____ trigger responsiveness
- Anociceptors
- Bneurons
- Cneuromodulators
- Daxons
95Choose the following tissue injury neuromodulators
- Aprostaglandins
- Bbradykinin
- Clymphokines
- Dsubstance P
- Ehistamine
- Fglutamate
- Gsomatostatin
96Choose the following excitatory neuromodulators
- Aprostaglandins
- Bbradykinin
- Clymphokines
- Dsubstance P
- Ehistamine
- Fglutamate
- Gsomatostatin
97_____ pain is a protective mechanism against immediate harm. It is the response of excessive adrenergic (sympathetic) activity
- Aacute
- Bchronic
98Somatic, visceral, referred, and neuropathic pain are types of _____ pain
- Aacute
- Bchronic
99pain in the body framework (skin, bones, muscle)
- Asomatic
- Bvisceral
- Creferred
- Dneuropathic
100pain in the organs of the body (chest pain, abdominal pain)
- Asomatic
- Bvisceral
- Creferred
- Dneuropathic
101pain felt in remote areas away from the original point of pain generation
- Asomatic
- Bvisceral
- Creferred
- Dneuropathic
102The disruption of nerves or hypersensitization of nerves.
- Asomatic
- Bvisceral
- Creferred
- Dneuropathic
103_____ pain occurs in ppl w/ DM
- Asomatic
- Bvisceral
- Creferred
- Dneuropathic
104_____ pain may be treated (off-label) w/ tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or antiarrhythmics
- Asomatic
- Bvisceral
- Creferred
- Dneuropathic
105_____ pain lasts as little as a few seconds to as much as 3 months. There is a temporary or minor disruption in normal ADL's and lifestyle
- Aacute
- Bchronic
106_____ pain persists more than 3 months. It imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on pts and their family
- Aacute
- Bchronic
107Acute pain is a very costly health care problem. Is is usually caused from a complex underlying DO
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
108_____ pain affect employment, finances, family structure, social relationships
- Aacute
- Bchronic
109Personality changes are apparent with chronic pain
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
110Negative health consequences of _____ pain include increased stress, decreased GI motility and appetite, increased blood clotting, delayed healing, decreased immune system, interference with sleep, and hormonal imbalances
- Aacute
- Bchronic
111In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves what increases or decreases the pain level
- AP-provocative/palliative
- BQ-quality
- CR-region
- DS-severity
- ET-temporal characteristics
112In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves a description of what the pain feels like (sharp, dull, hot, stinging, ect)
- AP-provocative/palliative
- BQ-quality
- CR-region
- DS-severity
- ET-Temporal characteristics
113In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves where the pain is (localized, referred)
- AP-provocative/palliative
- BQ-quality
- CR-region
- DS-severity
- ET-temporal charachteristics
114In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves rating the pain on a scale of 1-10
- AP-provocative/palliative
- BQ-quality
- CR-region
- DS-severity
- ET-temporal characteristics
115In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves how long the pain has been present (acute, chronic)
- AP-provocative/palliative
- BQ-quality
- CR-region
- DS-severity
- ET-temporal characteristics
116The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
- Asomatic
- Bautonomic
117The somatic nervous system regulates _____ motor control
- Avoluntary
- Binvoluntary
118The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating the body's internal environment thru involuntary control of organ systems
- Asomatic
- Bautonomic
119The _____ nervous system controls the body's fight or flight response
- Asympathetic
- Bparasympathetic
120The _____ nervous system conserves the body's energy
- Asympathetic
- Bparasympathetic
121The _____ pathway is ascending and messages go from the body to the brain
- Aafferent
- Befferent
122The _____ pathway is descending and messages travel from the brain to the body
- Aafferent
- Befferent
123_____ neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
- Asensory
- Bmotor
- Cassociational/inter
124_____ neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
- Asensory
- Bmotor
- Cassociational/inter
125_____ neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
- Asensory
- Bmotor
- Cassociational/inter
126A pts pain _____ is the lowest intensity of pain that a person can recognize
- Athreshold
- Btolerance
127A pt's pain _____ is the greatest intensity of pain that a person can endure
- Athreshold
- Btolerance
128_____ is a respiratory rate of less than 12 breathes a minute and is associated w/ neurological conditions, electrolyte disturbances, narcotic or barbituate OD, or is seen postanesthesia
- Abradypnea
- Btachypnea
- CBiot's respirations
- DCheyne-Stokes respirations
- EKussumal respirations
129_____ results in a persistent respiratory rate of more than 20 breathes per minute and is associated with trauma, injury, stress, pain; respiratory, cardiac, or liver disease
- Abradypnea
- Btachypnea
- CBiot's respirations
- DCheyne-Stokes respirations
- EKussmaul respirations
130_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by shallow breathing alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated with neurologic problems, head trauma, brain abscess, and heatstroke
- Abradypnea
- Btachypnea
- CBiot's respirations
- DCheyne-Stokes respirations
- EKussmaul respirations
131_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated w/ CHF, drug OD, increased intracranial pressure, and impending death
- Abradypnea
- Btachypnea
- CBiot's respirations
- DCheyne-Stokes respirations
- EKussmaul respirations
132_____ are respirations of increased rate and depth and are associated w/ metabolic acidosis, DKA, and renal failure
- Abradypnea
- Btachypnea
- CBiot's respirations
- DCheyne-Stokes respirations
- EKummmaul respirations
133Which of the following shows the stages of altered consciousness
- Aconfusion, disorientation, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma
- Bdisorientation, confusion, obtundation, lethargy, coma, stupor
- Cconfusion, disorientation, stupor, lethargy, obtundation, coma
- Dobtundation, disorientation, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma
134loss of ability to think, impaired judgement and decision making
- Aconfusion
- Bdisorientation
- Clethargy
- Dobtundation
- Estupor
- Fcoma
135beginning loss of consciousness, unable to tell name, place, or time
- Aconfusion
- Bdisorientation
- Clethargy
- Dobtundation
- Estupor
- Fcoma
136limited spontaneous movement or speech; easy arousal w/ normal speech or touch; may or may not be oriented to time, place, and person
- Aconfusion
- Bdisorientation
- Clethargic
- Dobtundation
- Estupor
- Fcoma
137mild to moderate reduction in arousal w/ limited response to environment; fall asleep unless stimulated verbally or tactilely; answer questions w/ minimal responses
- Aconfusion
- Bdisorientation
- Clethargy
- Dobtundation
- Estupor
- Fcoma
138condition of deep sleep or unresponsiveness; opens eyes only w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
- Aconfusion
- Bdisorientation
- Clethargy
- Dobtundation
- Estupor
- Fcoma
139no verbal response to external environment or to any stimuli
- Aconfusion
- Bdisorientation
- Clethargy
- Dobtundation
- Estupor
- Fcoma
140_____ posturing include flexing and the arms are like 'C's' and move in toward the spinal cord
- Adecorticate
- Bdecerebrate
141_____ posturing involves extension and the arms are like 'e's'
- Adecorticate
- Bdecerebrate
Información
- Descripción
- Patho Test sobre Patho Final, creado por Nicole Buda el 22/08/2016.
- Autor
- Nicole Buda
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 34
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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