Test
Cardiac System
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Preguntas del test (230)
1The cardiovascular system is made up of
- Aheart and blood vessels
- Bheart and lungs
- Cheart and arteries
- Dheart and veins
2Which is the correct graduation of vessels?
- AVeins --> venules --> capillaries --> arterioles --> arteries
- BVenules --> veins --> arterioles --> arteries --> capillaries
- CCapilaries --> arterioles --> veins --> arteries --> venules
- DArteries --> arterioles --> capillaries --> venules --> veins
3Arteries carry blood _____________, while veins carry blood __________________ .
- Aaway from the heart; to the heart
- Bto the heart; away from the heart
4Capillaries are the site of
- Ablood flow
- Bnutrient, gas, waste, and electrolyte exchange
- Cdeoxidization
- Dcellular respiration
5The two circuits of the cardiovascular system are
- Aauxiliary and immediate
- Bchambered and closed
- Csystemic and pulmonary
- Dlarge and reoccurring
6The pulmonary circuit is on the _________ side
- Aright
- Bleft
- Clateral
- Dmedial
7The systemic circuit is on the ________ side
- Aleft
- Bright
- Clateral
- Dmedial
8The pulmonary circuit pumps blood to
- Aheart and lungs
- Bheart and rest of the body
- Clungs only
- Dliver and spleen
9The systemic circuit pumps blood to
- Aheart and rest of the body
- Bheart and lungs
- Cbrain and carotid artery
- Dextremeties
10The base of the heart can be defined as
- Athe bottom of the heart
- Barea where large blood vessels originate
- Cthe top of the heart
- Dthe lateral side of the heart
11The base of the heart lies at
- Ajust below the second rib
- Bbetween the 5th and 6th ribs
- Ctouching the spleen
- Don the stomach
12The apex of the heart can be defined as __________________, and lies ____________.
- Athe bottom of the heart; between the 5th and 6th ribs
- Bthe area where large blood vessels originate, just below the 2nd rib
- Cthe left side of the heart, touching the spleen
- Dthe posterior portion of the heart, touching vertebrae.
13Deoxygenated blood is being pumped _______
- Ato the lungs
- Bto the heart from the lungs
- Cto the brain
- Dto extremeties
14Oxygenated blood is pumped _______
- Acoming back to heart from lungs
- Bto the lungs
- Cto the brain
- Dto extremeties
15The heart is bordered laterally by ________, posteriorly by ____________ ___________, and anteriorly by ___________
- Asternum, lungs, vertebral column
- Blungs, vertebral column, sternum
- Cvertebral column, sternum, lungs
16The pericardium is the
- Amain valve in the heart
- Bcalcium buildup in heart
- Cmembrane that covers the heart
- Dmechanism that causes the heart to beat
17The wall of the heart has ____ layers; they are (from outer to inner):
- A2; endocardium and myocardium
- B4; pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium
- C3; epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
- D3; endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
18Epicardium is the ________ most layer of the heart wall. It's primary function is to __________
- Ainner most; increases blood flow
- Bmiddle; filter blood cells
- Couter; reduce friction via serous membranes
19The myocardium is the ______ layer of the heart wall. It is composed of
- Aouter layer; serous membranes
- Binner layer; epithelial cells
- Cmiddle layer; cardiac muscle tissue
20The myocardium is the ______ layer of the heart wall. It is composed of
- Aouter layer; serous membranes
- Binner layer; epithelial cells
- Cmiddle layer; cardiac muscle tissue
21The endocardium is the ________ most layer of the heart wall; it is composed of
- Ainner; epithelial cells, blood vessels, parajunkie fibers
- Bmiddle; muscle tissue
- Couter; serous membranes
22Epithelial cells
- Aare responsible for electrical impulses spread throughout the heart
- Bline the chambers of the heart
- Cprotect heart from pathogens
- Dreduce friction in heart
23Purjunkie fibers are
- Ahow electrical impulse are spread through the heart
- Bline the chambers of the heart
- Creduce friction
- Dhold the heart together
24The heart is comprised of how many chambers?
- A2
- B3
- C4
- D6
25The upper chambers of the heart are known as the
- AAtria (right and left)
- BAuricles (right and left)
- CVentricles
- DAorta
26The lower chambers of the heart are known as
- AAtria (right and left)
- BVentricles (right and left)
- CAuricles
- DAorta
27Atria are responsible for
- Aforcing blood into corresponding ventricles when they contract
- Bpump blood throughout body
- Cdecrease blood flow
- Dslow heart rate
28Ventricles are responsible for
- Aforcing blood throughout into corresponding atria when they contract
- Bpumping blood throughout the entire body
- Cseparating blood cells
- Dclotting
29Auricles are attached to _________ and increase
- Aatria; blood volume atria can hold
- Bventricles; heart size
- Catrioventricular orifice; blood flow throughout body
30Auricles are attached to _________ and increase
- Aatria; blood volume atria can hold
- Bventricles; heart size
- Catrioventricular orifice; blood flow throughout body
31Left and right atria are separated by
- AAuricles
- BVentricles
- CInteratrial Septum
- DAtrioventricular Orifice
32Ventricles are separated by
- Ainteratrial septum
- Binterventricular septrum
- Catrioventricular orifice
- DAV Valves
33Atria is separated from the ventricles by
- Aatrioventricular orifice
- BAV valves
- CAuricles
- Dinteratrial septum
34The muscular walls of the left ventricle are thicker because:
- Ait holds more blood
- Bpumps blood farther than right ventricle
- Cmore epithelial cells line the left side
- Dthe left side is smaller
35Valves of the heart are important for
- Asorting red blood cells
- Bclotting mechanisms
- Cpreventing "back-wash" from the muscular pumping action
36The tricuspid valve is the AV valve found on the _______ side of the heart
- Aleft
- Bright
- Clateral
- Dmedial
37The tricuspid valve has _____________ ___________ attached to one end of the cusps, while the other end attach to papillary muscles
- Ablood vessels
- Barteries
- Cchordae tendinae
- Dmucous membranes
38The tricuspid valve:
- Acontracts when the right ventricle contracts
- Bprevents the tricuspid from swinging into the right atria
- Cclosure of the right AV valve is passive
- Dall of the above
39The tricuspid valve:
- Acontracts when the right ventricle contracts
- Bprevents the tricuspid from swinging into the right atria
- Cclosure of the right AV valve is passive
- Dall of the above
40The pulmonary valve does not contain
- Aepithelial cells
- Bchordae tindineae
- Cblood vessels
- DT cells
41The pulmonary valve
- Aopens as the right ventricle contracts
- Bseparates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk
- Ccloses due to blood backing up on it after the right ventricle stops contracting
- Dall the above
42The atrioventricular valve for the left side of the heart is known as the
- Amitral (bicuspid valve)
- Bpulmonary valve
- Ctricuspid valve
- Dchordae tendineae
43The mitral valve is responsible for
- Aseparating the left atrium from left ventricle, closes passively, and has papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
- Bstops blood flow
- Cincreasing heart rate
- Dall the above
44The contraction of the left ventricle does what?
- Astops blood flow
- Bpumps blood into aorta through aortic valve
- Csqueezes blood into capillaries
- Dencourages filtration of blood cells
45The main result of coronary circulation is to
- Aget blood to the brain
- Bsupply heart tissue with blood
- Cpump blood to extremities
- Dprovide nutrients to body
46The atria ___________ while the ventricles ____________, and vice versa.
- Acontract; relax
- Bstop; start
- Cenlarge; decrease
47The pattern of contraction and relaxation in the heart is known as
- Acoronary circulation
- Bthe heart cycle
- Ccardiac rhythm
- Dbeating pattern
48When the atria contract, it is known as _________ __________. When atria relax it is known as ______ ________
- Aatria diastole; atria systole
- Batria systole; atria diastole
- Catrial enlargement; atrial decreasing
49ventricular contraction is known as ________ ________ ; ventricular relaxation is known as _______ _______
- Aventricular systole ; ventricular diastole
- Bventricular diastole; ventricular systole
- Cventricular enlargement ; decreasing ventricle
50During atrial/ventricular systole/diastol cycle, there is a brief _________ period for both ventricles and atria.
- Acontraction
- Brelaxation (diastole)
- Cspasm
- Dacceleration
51High blood pressure causes the heart to
- Abeat slower
- Bwork harder
- Cbeat faster
- Dstop
52During the cardiac cycle, pressure __________ and __________ within the chambers of the heart
- Abegins and ends
- Brises and falls
- Cstops and starts
53Changes in pressure in the heart result in
- Adecreased blood flow
- Bacceleration of heartbeat
- Copening and closing of the valves
- Dcardiac arrest
54During diastole, pressure is _______ which allows blood from areas of _____ pressure to come in
- Ahigh; lower
- Blow; higher
- Cpressure does not affect this.
55During systole, pressure is _______ and blood will push valves open and move to _______ areas
- Ahigher; lower
- Blower; higher
- Cthis does not affect pressure.
56When the ventricles contract, pressure is greater in the _______ than the ________
- Aarteries; ventricles
- Bventricles; arteries
- Caorta; auricle
- Dleft chamber; right chamber
57The sound the heart makes is:
- Athump
- Bpitter patter
- Clubb-dupp
- Dclick
58The "lubb" sound occurs during __________, which results in the closing of the AV valves
- Aventricular diastole
- Bventricular systole
- Catrial diastole
- Datrial systole
59The "dubb" sound of a heartbeat occurs during ___________, which is the result of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing
- Aventricular diastole
- Bventricular systole
- Catrial diastole
- Datrial systole
60Heart sounds can indicate problems such as
- Acardiac arrest
- Bclogged arteries
- Cheart murmurs
- Ddecreased blood flow
61The key parts of the cardiac conduction system are:
- ASinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, Atrioventricular (AV) bundle, and Purkinje fibers
- Bventricles and atria
- Catria and auricles
- Dblood vessels and heart
62The SA node is known as the
- Ablood flow regulator
- Bfiltration center
- Coxygen receptor
- Dpacemaker
63The SA reaches __________ _________ on its own
- Apurkinje fibers
- BAV valve
- Cthreshold stimulus
- Daortic valve
64The SA node is responsible for
- Awhite blood cell production
- Bcardiac tissue development
- Cpumping blood
- Drhythmic activity
65SA node causes the _________ to contract almost simultaneously
- Aventricles
- Batria
- Cauricles
- DAV valve
66The AV node __________ impulse further allowing ________ to completely contract.
- Aquickens; atria
- Bquickens; ventricle
- Cslows; atria
- Dslows; ventricle
67The AV bundles _________
- Abranch into left and right AV bundles
- Bstop contraction of atria
- Ccause blow flow to increase
- Dproduce rhythm of heartbeat
68Purkinje fibers
- Acarry impulse very quickly to distant regions of ventricles, so that the ventricles contract as a functional unit
- Bstop electrical impulse
- Ccause increased heartbeat
- Dcontract atrial walls
69The correct order for chain of impulse during cardiac conduction system is:
- Aventricular syncticum, purkinje fibers, av bundle, av node, sa node
- Bpurkinje fibers, ventricular syncticum, av valve, sa node, av bundle
- Cav bundle, sa node, av valve, ventricular syncticum, purkinje fibers
- Dsa node, av node, av bundle, purkinje fibers, ventricular syncticum
70The junctional fibers are _________, therefore _________ electrical impulse.
- Awide; increasing
- Bwide; slowing
- Cnarrow; increasing
- Dnarrow; slowing
71_________ record changes in electrical potential during the cardiac cycle.
- APKG
- BECG
- CPET scan
- DMRI scan
72Electrocardiograms produce several waves; these are:
- AA, B, C, D
- BP, Q, R, S, T
- C1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- DZ, Y, X, W, V
73The ______ waves of an electrocardiogram combine to make up the ______ ________
- AQRS; QRS complex
- B123; 123 complex
- CZYX; ZYX complex
74Large electrical changes in an electrocardiogram show up as a ________
- Ainflection
- Bdeflection
- Cspasm
- Dmurmur
75P wave is a result of
- Aatrial polarization
- Batrial depolarization
- Catrial repolarization
- Dventricular systole
76The P wave in an ECG leads to
- Aventricular systole
- Batrial diastole
- Catrial systole
- Dventricular dyastole
77The QRS complex is a result of
- Aventricular polarization
- Bventricular depolarization
- Catrial depolarization
- Datrial systole
78The QRS wave occurs just before
- Aventricular contraction
- Bventricular dilation
- Catrial contraction
- Datrial dilation
79Due to the QRS complex, repolarization of the atria is
- Aquickened
- Bobscured
- Cimpossible
80Repolarization ECG wave begins at
- Aapex of QRS complex
- Blow point of QRS complex
81The _____ wave is a result of ventricular repolarization
- AQ
- BR
- CS
- DT
82The T wave takes longer to produce, seeing as
- Aventricle walls are shorter
- Bventricle walls are longer
- Cventricle walls are larger
- Dventricle walls are stronger
83Factors that affect the cardiac control system are
- Aparasympathetic fibers, sympathetic fibers, and barioreceptors
- Bblood pressure
- Cblood flow
- Dblood volume
84vagus nerves are _________ and originate in ______ and terminate in _____
- Aparasympathetic; SA node; medulla oblongata
- Bparasympathetic; medulla oblongata; SA node
- Csympathetic; heart; brain
- Dsympathetic; liver; extremities
85Vagus nerves can both increase and decrease _____________ ________ through _____________.
- Ablood flow; lysosomes
- Bclotting factors; calcium
- Cheart rate; acetylcholine
86Accelerator nerves are ________, and increase heart rate though _________
- Aparasympathetic; acetylcholine
- Bparasympathetic; norepinephrine
- Csympathetic; acetylcholine
- Dsympathetic; norepinephrine
87Barioreceptors are also known as
- Acalcium receptors
- Bplasma receptors
- Cstretch receptors
- Drhythm receptors
88Barioreceptors are part of
- Acardioinhibitor and cardioaccelerator reflex centers
- Bmuscle fibers
- Ccardiac tissue
- Dcardiovascular system
89Baroreceptors arise from
- Aatria
- Bventricles
- Cmedulla oblongata
- DSA node
90Baroreceptors are responsible for
- Amaintaing balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
- Bregulation of blood flow
- Cincreased heart rate
- Dall the above
91The aorta and carotid arteries utilize baroreceptors to
- Aincrease pressure
- Bdecrease pressure
- Caccelerate heart rate
- Ddecrease heart rate
92Stretch receptors are located in the
- Avenae cavae
- Baorta
- Catrium
- Dventricles
93Increase in pressure causes increased heart rate and force of contraction because
- A the heart is beating very weakly due to blood backup in the venae cavae.
- Bthe heart is beating strongly due to blood backup in the venae cavae.
94Impulses from the cerebrum or hypothalamus:
- Adecrease, causing fainting
- Bincrease, causing anxiety
- Cboth
95An increase in temperature causes an increase in _________ ______ and vice versa.
- Aheart rate
- Bblood flow
- Coxygen levels
96Baroreceptors also influence ______ changes; such as ______ and ________
- Ablood cell; red and white
- Bion; sodium and potassium
- Coxygen; deoxygenation and oxygenation
97________ ________ form a closed circuit of tubes carrying blood AWAY from the heart and then back.
- Acardiac system
- Bblood vessels
- Clarge capillaries
- Dpulmonary system
98Blood vessels include:
- Aaorta, pulmonary veins
- Barteries, arterioles, metartioles, capillaries, veinules, veins
- Cveins and veinules
99Arteries and arterioles (and metarterioles) conduct blood __________ from _______ and lead to ______
- Aaway; capillaries; ventricles
- Baway; ventricles; capillaries
- Caway; aorta; tricuspid valve
- Daway; venules; veins
100The sites of substance exchange between the blood and body cells are
- AVenules
- BVeins
- CArteries
- DCapillaries
101Venules and veins return blood from ________ to _______
- Aatria; capillaries
- Bcapillaries; atria
- Cblood vessels; capillaries
- Dcapillaries; blood vessels
102The portion of the arteriole that leads to capillary beds is known as
- Ametarterioles
- Bcapillaries
- Cveins
- Dvenule
103Capillaries are the _____ diameter blood vessel
- Asmallest
- Blargest
104Cappillaries are responsible for connecting ________ to _________
- Aveins ; venules
- Barterioles ; veins
- Carterioles; venules
- Dveins; arterioles
105Structurally speaking, capillaries are extensions of the ________ of arterioles
- Aveins
- Bendothelium
- Carteries
106________ in capillary walls permits for capillary permeability
- Aholes
- Bslits
- Cvalves
- Ddepressions
107The "slits" in the capillaries are where cells
- Abuild up
- Boverlap
- Care not present
- Ddie
108Capillary permeability is conducive to ________. Muscle tissues have ____ capillary openings, while liver and red bone marrow have _________ capillary openings
- Asize of organ; large; small
- Bsize of organ; small; large
- Cfunction; large; small
- Dfunction; small; large
109Why are slits in muscle tissue capillaries smaller?
- Amuscle tissue needs oxygen
- Bmuscle tissue needs less nutrients
- Cmuscle tissue does not need as much aid from capillaries as other organs do
110Arteries are
- Aweak; break easily
- Bweak; yet elastic
- Cstrong; yet break easily
- Dstrong; elastic
111Arteries contain ____ layers:
- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
112The three layers of the artery from outermost to innermost are:
- ATunica media, tunica interna, tunica externa
- BTunica intera, tunica externa, tunica media
- CTunica externa, tunica media, tunica intera
113The tunica interna contains
- Aplatelets
- Bcalcium deposits
- Cphagocytes
- Dendothelium
114The tunica media contains ________ and which ____________/_________ blood vessels
- Aelastic connective tissue; dilates; constricts
- B smooth muscle; constricts; dilates
- Cplasmids; dilates; constricts
115Collagenous fibers are found in the ______ _____ layer of the artery, these allow for added _______
- Atunica interna; strength
- Btunica externa; elasticity
- Ctunica media; elasticity
- Dtunica media; strength
116The tunica externa contains _____ __ and houses ____ ______
- Asmooth muscle; vasa vasorum
- Bconnective tissue; blood cells
- Cconnective tissue; vasa vasorum
- Delastic connective tissue; vasa vasorum
117The _________ __________, located in the tunica externa region of the artery, are small blood vessels that nourish smooth muscle layers of fibers.
- Avasa vasorum
- Bconnective tissue
- Cendothelial tissue
- Dcollagenous fibers
118The function of _________ in artery walls is so that blood can have a smooth surface to flow through, cutting down damage to blood cells.
- Aelastic connective tissue
- Bendothelium
- Cconnective tissue
- Dvasa vasorum
119Endothelium in arteries secrete chemicals to inhibit
- Ablood flow
- Bclotting
- Cplatelet coagulation
120Endothelium in arteries uses _______ ______ to cause dilation/constriction of blood vessels
- Ablood flow
- Bnitrous oxide
- Csulfur phosphate
121Smooth muscles of arteries and arterioles are innervated by sympathetic motor fibers, known as:
- Aparasympathetic fibers
- Bsympathetic fibers
- Cvasomotor fibers
- Delastic fibers
122Vasomotor fibers stimulate contraction of smooth muscle fibers in arterial walls. This is known as
- Asmooth muscle constriction
- Bsmooth muscle contraction
- Cvasoconstriction
- Dvasocontraction
123When impulse of vasomotor fibers is interrupted, it causes relaxation of muscles, known as
- Avasoconstriction
- Bvasocontraction
- Cvasodilatation
124Vasoconstriction and vasodilation have opposing effects on
- Ablood flow
- Bblood pressure
- Cheart rate
125Exchange in the capillaries occurs via
- Adiffusion
- Bosmosis
- Cfiltration
- Dall the above
126Capillaries use __________ as the primary mode of exchange
- Adiffusion
- Bosmosis
- Cfiltration
127In capillaries, if a molecule is lipid soluble it diffuses through ______ ________. If the molecule is water soluble, it goes through __________ _________.
- Acapillary slits; cell membrane.
- Bcell membrane; capillary slits.
- Cboth diffuse through cell membrane
- Dboth diffuse through capillary slits
128Plasma proteins tend to not leave the capillaries, resulting in:
- Ahydrostatic pressure
- Bincreased blood flow
- Ccolloid osmotic pressure
- Ddecreased blood flow
129Colloid osmotic pressure is responsible for
- Ablood pressure
- Bdrawing water in
- Cincreased blood flow
130Hydrostatic pressure results in the filtration of ______ molecules (like water)
- Asmall
- Blarge
- Cheavy
- Drigid
131Blood pressure __________ the ______ _________ ____ the heart you get
- Aincreases; further away from
- Bdecreases; further away from
132Veins tend to follow a path _____ to arteries
- Avertical
- Bparallel
- Cthere is no set path
133While veins are similar to arteries, the major difference between the two is that:
- Aveins are larger
- Bveins have valves, that prevent back flow of blood
- Cveins hold less blood
- Dall the above
134Veins do not have the _______ that arteries do; there is approximately ____ % blood pressure acting on veins
- Astrength; 10%
- Belasticity; 0%
- Crigidity; 20%
- Dvolume; 100%
135The primary source of moving blood from veins is
- Askeletal muscle contractions
- Bsmooth muscle contractions
- Cdilated vessels
- Dincreased oxygen
136___________ can be used as blood reservoirs by contracting due to sympathetic muscles in their lining causing them to maintain blood pressure and volume by increasing the amount of blood being returned to the heart.
- AArteries
- BCapillaries
- CVenules
- DVeins
137The force exerted by the blood on walls of the blood vessels is known as
- ABlood pressure
- Bconstriction
- Cdilation
- Dvasodilation
138Blood pressure refers to the pressure in
- Aveins
- Bvenules
- Ccapillaries
- Dsystemic arteries
139Systolic blood pressure is during
- Aatrial systole
- Batrial diastole
- Cventricular systole
- Dventricular diastole
140Diastolic blood pressure occurs during
- Aatrial systole
- Batrial diastole
- Cventricular systole
- Dventricular diastole
141Blood vessels expand and recoil, resulting in
- Aheartbeat
- Bincreased blood flow
- Cdecreased blood flow
- Dpulse
142The first beat you hear when taking blood pressure is the ________ blood pressure; the last beat you hear is the _________ blood pressure.
- Adiastolic; systolic
- Bhigh; low
- Csystolic; diastolic
- Dlow; high
143The factor(s) that affect blood pressure are
- Aheart action (stroke volume and rate)
- Bblood volume
- Cresistance to flow
- Dblood viscosity
- Eall the above
144_____________ ___________ determines blood volume entering arterial system
- ABlood pressure
- BVentricular contraction
- Cheart rate
- Doxygen levels
145If cardiac output increases, then ________ ______ increases and vice versa
- Ablood pressure
- Bblood flow
- Cheart rate
- Denergy levels
146The ___________ ________ is equal to the sum of all formed elements and plasma volume in vascular system (about 8%)
- Ablood pressure
- Bred blood cell count
- Cwhite blood cell count
- Dblood volume
147Blood pressure is directly proportional to
- Ared blood cell count
- Boxygen levels
- Cheart rate
- Dblood volume
148How easily the molecules in a fluid flow past one another is known as the
- Atexture
- Bformula
- Cviscosity
149__________ _______ and __________ ________ increase viscosity
- Ared blood cells and white blood cells
- Boxygen levels and iron levels
- Cblood cells and plasma proteins
- Dheart rate and calcium levels
150__________ ________ rises with an increase in viscosity; Normal blood has a ________ viscosity
- Aheart rate; thin
- Bblood levels; normal
- Cblood pressure; normal
- Dblood levels; thick
151_________ ____________ is the friction between the blood vessel wall and the blood
- Ablood friction
- Bperipheral resistance
- Cblood pressure
- Dhemaglobic friction
152Anything that alters peripheral resistance also affects _______ ______________
- Ablood levels
- Bblood pressure
- Cheart rate
- Dblood flow
153BP= ________ ________ x ___________ ___________
- Ablood levels; blood flow
- Bcell count; heart rate
- Cblood levels; heart rate
- Dcardiac output; peripheral resistance
154_________ __________ is the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume
- Acardiac output
- Bblood pressure
- Cblood flow
- Dstroke volume
155Factors that affect stroke volume are:
- AMechanical
- BNeural
- CChemical
- DAll the above
- ENone of these
156The amount of blood that gets back into the ventricles is known as
- Aventricle blood return
- Bvenous return
- Cblood back flow
- Dveinous backflow
157Normally, only about ______% of EDV is pumped out in a single contraction
- A20%
- B30%
- C60%
- D75%
158____________ stimulation can increase the strength of ventricular contraction and increase stroke volume
- Aparasympathetic
- Bsympathetic
- Ccardiac
- Dpulse
159The stretching of the myocardial fibers in the ventricles is known as
- Apreload
- Bmechanical stretching
- Ccardiac pulling
- Dcardostretch
160A higher EDV will result in a greater _______
- Astroke volume
- Bcardiac output
- Cblood flow
- Dpreload
161The increase in venous return, resulting in the increase in preload, resulting in the increase in cardiac output helps ensure that
- Ablood circulates quickly
- Bthe blood leaving the heart equals the blood entering the heart
- Cblood still flows to the head
162The amount of blood left in the ventricles after contraction depends on
- Apreload
- Bcontractility
- Cafterload
- Dall the above
163_____________ is the amount of force for a contraction at a given preload
- Acardiac output
- BEDV
- CESV
- Dcontractility
164Contractility is influenced by ____________ stimulation and ________
- Aparasympathetic; hormones
- Bsympathetic; hormones
- CESV; chemicals
165The amount of force needed to open semilunar valves to eject blood is known as
- Apreload
- Bcontractility
- Cafterload
- DESV
166Afterload is increased by
- Aincreased contractility
- Bdecreased contractility
- Cincreased arterial pressure
- Ddecreased arterial pressure
167Afterload leads to a _________ in stroke volume, therefore an ________ in ESV
- Adecrease; decrease
- Bdecrease; increase
- Cincrease; decrease
- Dincrease; increase
168The reflex that decreases blood pressure is known as
- ACardioaccelerator reflex
- BCardioinhibitor reflex
- Cblood volume reflex
- Dcardioflow reflex
169The reflex that involves sympathetic impulses going to the SA nodes, in turn increasing heart rate is
- ACardioinhibitor reflex
- BCardiovascular reflex
- CCardioaccelerator reflex
- Dblood flow reflex
170Increases in heart rate can increase _________ ______ and _______ ________
- Ablood flow; blood pressure
- Bblood levels; blood flow
- Cblood pressure; cardiac output
- Dcardiac output; blood flow
171Factors that can increase heart rate are
- Aepinephrine
- Bemotions
- Cexercise
- Drise in body temperature
- Eall of the above
172Arteriole diameter can influence
- Aheart rate
- Bblood pressure
- Cperipheral resistance
- Dcardioaccelerator reflex
173Decreases in diameter of arterioles results in
- Adecreased peripheral resistance
- Bincreased peripheral resistance
174Anything that results in vasoconstriction increases
- Ablood flow
- Bperipheral resistance
- Cblood pressure
- Dheart rate
175The vasomotor center is located in the __________ ________ and sends _______ signals to ________ muscles of arterioles
- Apulmonary arteries; parasympathetic; rough
- Bpulmonary arteries; sympathetic; smooth
- Cmedulla oblongata; parasympathetic; smooth
- Dmedulla oblongata; sympathetic; smooth
176The chemicals responsible for affecting precapillary sphincters and smooth muscles or arteriole and metarteriole walls are
- ACO2
- BO2
- CH+
- Dall the above
177Nitric oxide and bradykinin are considered
- Avasodilators
- Bvasoconstrictors
178Angiotensin and endothelin are considered
- Avasodilators
- Bvasoconstrictors
179Little _________ is found in the veins and venules
- Ablood
- Bpressure
- Cclotting
- Dplasma
180Blood movement depends on not only the heart, but
- Askeletal muscle action
- Bbreathing movements
- Cvasoconstriction of veins
- Dall the above
181During respiration:
- Apressure of thoracic cavity is reduced
- BPressure in abdominal cavity increases
- Cblood is squeezed from abdominal to thoracic veins
- Dall the above
182When venous pressure is low, ________ signals stimulate the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the veins
- Asympathetic
- Bparasympathetic
183Vasoconstriction maintains
- Ablood flow
- Bvenous return
- Cheart rate
184Blood returns to the pulmonary circuit via
- Apulmonary arteries
- Bpulmonary veins
- Ccardiac veins
- Dcardiac arteries
185The arterial system carries blood _____ _____ the heart. Starts in ______ ends in _____ and ______.
- Aaway from; aorta; toes; head
- Bcloser to; head; aorta; toes
- Caway from; left ventricle; head; toes
- Dcloser to; aorta; head; toes.
186All veins except pulmonary veins empty in the _______ atria
- Aright
- Bleft
187The pressure in the right atria is known as
- Aright atrial pressure
- Bcentral pressure
- Ccentral venous pressure
- Dright central venous pressure
188Central venous pressure can influence pressure in
- Aleft arterial veins
- Bright arterial veins
- Ccarotid artery
- Dperipheral veins
189Subclavian and common carotid arteries supply blood to
- Aspleen and liver
- Bbrain, head, neck
- Ctoes and lower extremities
- Dstomach and kidneys
190Divisions of subclavian arteries include
- Avertebral arteries, thyrocervical arteries, and costocervical arteries
- Binternal carotid arteries, external carotid arteries
- Cthoracic and splenic arteries
191Common carotid arteries include
- Ainternal carotid arteries
- Bexternal carotid arteries
- Cboth
- Dneither
192Vertebral arteries come together to form
- Asubclavian arteries
- Bbasilar artery
- Cinternal carotid arteries
- Dcerebral arteries
193The basilar artery branches to
- Acervix
- Bpons, midbrain, cerebellum
- Cliver
194The vertebral arteries also divide into two posterior ______ arteries, which supply blood to parts of the temporal and occipital lobe
- Acerebral
- Bbasilar
- Ccarotid
- Dfemoral
195What arteries provide blood to the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus, pharynx, and muscles of neck, shoulder, and back?
- Acostocervical arteries
- Bbasilar arteries
- Cvertebral arteries
- Dthryocervical arteries
196What arteries are LAST to branch from the subclavian divisions, and supply blood to the muscles in neck, back, and thoracic walls?
- ACostocervical
- BThyrocervical
- CVertebral
197The external common carotid artery divides into the superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, and posterior auricular artery just above the ______ border
- Asubclavian
- Blaryngeal
- Ccardiac
- Desophageal
198The external carotid artery ends by dividing into the
- Asuperior thyroid artery
- Bmaxillary and superficial temporal arteries
- Coccipital artery
- Dposterior auricular artery
199The internal carotid artery is the major blood supply for the
- Abrain
- Bneck
- Cheart
- Dstomach
200Major branches of the internal carotid artery include
- Aophthalmic artery, posterior communicating artery, anterior choroid artery
- Bsuperior thyroid artery, lingual artery
- Cmaxillary artery, superficial temporal artery
201At the base of the internal carotid arteries is
- Aapex of heart
- Blarynx
- Cesophagus
- Dcoronary sinus
202The ________ artery passes between the clavicle and first rib and becomes part axillary artery
- Acarotid
- Blingual
- Cmaxillary
- Dsubclavian
203The subclavian artery provides blood to
- Aface
- Bskin of shoulder, part of mammary gland, proximal end of humorous, muscles of back, shoulder, and chest
- Chands
204The subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery as it leaves the axilla
- Atemporal
- Bmammilary
- Cbrachial
- Dhumoral
205The radial artery
- Ais a great place to find pulse
- Bprovides blood to entire arm
- Cis very thin
206Where does the internal thoracic artery derive from?
- Athoracic aorta
- Bsubclavian artery
- Ciliac artery
207The posterial intercostals comes from
- Athoracic aorta
- Bsubclavian artery
- Cthoracic artery
208The abdominal aorta divides to form what?
- Ailiac arteries
- Bsubclavian arteries
- Cthoracic arteries
209The iliac arteries divides into
- Ainternal iliac artery and external iliac artery
- Bposterior and anterior iliac arteries
- Cmedial and lateral iliac arteries
210The iliolumbar artery, superior and inferior gluteal arteries, internal pudendal artery, superior and inferior vesical arteries, middle rectal artery, and uterine artery are all derivatives of
- Aexternal iliac artery
- Binternal iliac artery
- Csubclavian artery
- Dpopliteal artery
211The external iliac artery becomes
- Afemoral artery
- Bsubclavian artery
- Cpulmonary artery
212The superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial epigastric artery, superficial and deep external prudendal arteries, deep femoral artery, and deep genicular artery are derivatives of
- Athe popliteal artery
- Bfemoral artery
- Ccarotid artery
- Dsubclavian artery
213The femoral artery becomes the __________ artery, which supplies the ________ and muscles of the ________ and calf with blood.
- Asubclavian; elbow; gluteus
- Bpopliteal; knee; thigh
- Cthoracic; stomach; knee
214The popliteal artery divides into
- Aanterior and posterior tibial arteries
- Banterior and posterior popliteal arteries
- Cmajor and minor femoral arteries
215The popliteal artery divides into
- Aanterior and posterior tibial arteries
- Banterior and posterior popliteal arteries
- Cmajor and minor femoral arteries
216The anterior tibial artery branches to ________, while the posterior tibial artery branches to _______
- Acalf, anterior and lateral portions of leg
- Banterior and lateral portions of leg, calf.
217The anterior tibial artery branches to
- Afibular artery
- Bplantar arteries
- Cdorsalis pedis artery
218The posterior tibial artery branches to
- Afibular branch
- Bplantar arteries
- Cdorsalis pedis artery
- DA & B
219The venous system
- Acarries blood from the heart
- Breturns blood to the heart
220________ system pathways are difficult to follow
- Avenous
- Bcapillary
- Cartery
221Blood veins of the systemic circuit converge into two major pathways
- Amajor and minor venae cavae
- Bsuperior and inferior venae cavae
- Canterior and posterior venae cavae
222External _________ veins drain blood from the face, scalp, and superficial regions of the neck, and empty into right and left _______ veins.
- Asubclavian; jugular
- Bjugular; subclavian
- Csubclavian; carotid
- Dcarotid; jugular
223Internal _________ veins drain blood from brain and veins in the face and neck and empties into _________ veins.
- Ajugular; subclavian
- Bsubclavian; jugular
- Ccarotid; subclavian
- Dsubclavian; carotid
224The union of the internal jugular and subclavian makes the ________ veins, which empty into the _________ _______ ______
- Asuperior vena cava; brachiocephalic
- Bbrachiocephalic; supera vena cava
- Cbrachiocephalic; common carotid artery
- Dpulmonary veins; common carotid artery
225Radial and ulnar veins merge to form
- Abrachial veins
- Bsubclavian veins
- Cpopliteal veins
226Deep venous drainage veins are
- Aradial and ulnar
- Bbasilic and cephalic
- Ccubital
227Superficial venous drainage veins are
- Aradial and ulnar
- Bbasilic and cephalic
- Cmedial cubital
228The normal site of venipuncture is
- Abrachiocephalic vein
- Bmedial cubital vein
- Cbasilic vein
- Dradial vein
229The internal thoracic and intercostal veins drain into
- Abasilic vein
- Bsubclavian vein
- Cbrachiocephalic vein
- Djugular vein
230The posterior intercostal veins, superior and inferior hemiazygos vein, and ascending lumbar vein all drain into
- Abrachiocephalic vein
- Bsubclavian vein
- Cazygos vein
Información
- Descripción
- Chapter 15
- Autor
- kels94
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 114
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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