Test
Immunology 1
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Preguntas del test (54)
1What is the best description of an infectious agent?
- AAn organism that can replicate inside the host and cause a host reaction to its products
- BAn organism which lives in co-existence with the host
- CAn organism which is immunogenic
2Advantages of infecting a host to a pathogen are:
P[blank_start]rotection[blank_end]
[blank_start]Nutrient[blank_end] provision
Travel
Disadvantages are:
Host driven [blank_start]choices[blank_end]
[blank_start]Defence[blank_end] mechanisms encountered- ANutrient
- Brotection
- Cchoices
- DDefence
3True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4The response of the innate immune system is the same every time
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5The first encounter of the adaptive immune system is very rapid.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6The innate immune system has a memory property.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
7What are some physical barriers of the innate immune system?
- ALysozyme
- BHydrochloric acid
- CCiliated epithelia
- DEpidermis
8Which of these options summarises lysozymes action?
- ACleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
- BGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- CChelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
- DChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- EInduce pore formation
9Which of these options summarises lactoperoxidase's action?
- ACleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
- BGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- CChelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
- DChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- EInduce pore formation
10Which of these options summarises lactoferrin's action?
- ACleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
- BGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- CChelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
- DChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- EInduce pore formation
11Which of these options summarises calprotectin's action?
- ACleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
- BGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- CChelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
- DChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- EInduce pore formation
12Which of these options summarises defensin action?
- ACleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
- BGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- CChelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
- DChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- EInduce pore formation
13Which of these options summarises histatin action?
- ACleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
- BGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- CChelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
- DChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- EInduce pore formation
14Which is a function of mucins?
- AGlycoproteins which lubricate and hydrate the mucosal surfaces. This traps and prevents admission of bacteria to the mucosa.
- BBind to bacterial adhesins causing bacterial clumping for removal
- CChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- DGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- ECleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
15Which is a function of salivary agglutinin?
- AGlycoproteins which lubricate and hydrate the mucosal surfaces. This traps and prevents admission of bacteria to the mucosa.
- BBind to bacterial adhesins causing bacterial clumping for removal
- CChelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
- DGenerates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
- ECleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
16Defensins are...
- ASerine proteases
- BCationic peptides
- CCysteine deaminases
17What feature of defensins allows them to become inserted in the lipid bilayer?
- AThey are amphipathic
- BThey are cationic peptides
- CThey have cysteine rich regions in their amino acid sequence
18Defensins, cathelicidins and histatins are antimicrobial peptides all secreted by...
- AEpithelial cells
- BPhagocytes
- CEpithelial cells and Phagocytes
19What does NAG mean in the context of lysozyme?
- AN-acetylglucosamine
- BN-acetylmuramic acid
- CNon agglutinating glycoprotein
- DN-acetylcysteine
20What does NAM mean in the context of lysozyme?
- AN-acetylglucosamine
- BN-acetylmuramic acid
- CNon agglutinating glycoprotein
- DN-acetylcysteine
21What linkage is cleaved between NAG-NAM carbohydrates by Lysozyme?
- AB-1,4
- BA-1,6
- CB-1,2
22Lysozyme is more effective against gram negative bacteria since they do not have a layer of LPS covering the peptidoglycan NAG-NAM carbohydrates in their cell wall structure
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
23Histatins are produced by
- AEpithelial cells and Phagocytes
- BThe major salivary glands
- CDendritic and Natural killer cells
24Histatins are predominantly active against
- AFungi
- BViruses
- CBacteria
25Histatins are particularly rich in...
- AHistadine
- BCysteine
- CSerine
- DDefensins
26Calprotectin depletes iron availability.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27Lactoferrin produces hypothiocyanite which oxidises glucose transport carriers therefore reducing bacterial glucose uptake
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
28Chromogranin A and Thrombospondin 1 give rise to cationic peptides. They interact better with plant/animal cells than bacterial surfaces.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29Cystatins are
- ACysteine protease inhibitors
- BCysteine protease
- CSerine protease inhibitor
30What is gingipains?
- ACysteine protease
- BCysteine protease inhibitor
- CSerine protease
31SLP1 is a
- ASerine protease inhibitor (inhibit neutrophil elastase)
- BSerine protease (cleave neutrophil elastase)
- CCysteine protease (cleave neutrophil granules)
32Cystatins and Von Ebner's protein are both cysteine protease inhibitors
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33Cystatins, Von Ebners protein and SLP1 are all cysteine protease inhibitors
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
34Which scavenges peroxidation products?
- AVon Ebners protein
- BSLP1
- CCystatins
35Toll like receptors react to...
- APAMPs
- BDAMPs
- CAntigens
36NOD-like receptors detect intracellular virus RNA
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
37NOD-like receptors detect intracellular pathogen peptidoglycan
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
38NOD-like receptors detect intracellular pathogen p[blank_start]eptidoglycan[blank_end]
- Aeptidoglycan
39RIG-1 like helicase detect intracellular [blank_start]virus[blank_end] R[blank_start]NA[blank_end]
- Avirus
- BNA
40NLRP family of proteins are nod like receptors with pyrin associated with them
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
41The inflammasome is important in cleaving cytokines and contributes to their short half life
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
42NLRP3 is the only NLRP protein to form inflammasomes
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
43What are the components of the typical inflammasome?
- ACaspase 1
- BNLRP3
- CAdaptor protein
- DTLR
44Activation of toll like or nod like receptors results in what?
- ATranscription factor activation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production
- BInflammasome cleavage of pro-cytokines
- CExocytosis of active pro-inflammatory cytokines
45Which of these are serum proteins?
- AAcute phase proteins
- BComplement
- CInterferons
- DCytokines
- EChemokines
46Which of these are tissue factors?
- ACytokines
- BChemokines
- CInterferons
- DComplement
- EAcute phase proteins
47Acute phase proteins are produced by the
- ALiver
- BSpleen
- CMALT
- DPeyer's patches
48C reactive protein is a [blank_start]pentameric[blank_end] protein made by h[blank_start]epatocytes[blank_end]
- Apentameric
- Bepatocytes
49C reactive protein activates...
- AComplement cascade
- BPromotes phagocytosis
- CIL-10 to suppress inflammation
50CRP is said to act like a primitive antibody since it activates complement and induces more phagocytosis
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
51Interferons are proteins
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
52Type 1 interferons are...
- AAlpha
- BBeta
- CGamma
53Type 2 interferons are...
- AGamma
- BAlpha
- CBeta
54How do interferons function?
- APrevent viral replication
- BIncrease display of viral particles to the immune system
- CPromoting phagocytosis
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