Test
Muscles - sliding filament theory
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Preguntas del test (23)
1What is muscle made up of?
- Aneurones
- Bbundles of muscle fibres
- Cendothelium
2Each muscle fibre is a single muscle cell
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3What does multinucleate mean and why are cells multinucleate?
- Aeach cell has several nuclei - because a single nucleus couldn't effectively control the metabolism of such a long cell
- Beach cell has many mitochondria - because muscle fibres carry out large amounts of aerobic respiration
4During [blank_start]prenatal[blank_end] development, several cells [blank_start]fuse[blank_end] together forming an [blank_start]elongated[blank_end] muscle fibre. Muscle cells are also [blank_start]striped[blank_end] which is related to their ability to [blank_start]contract[blank_end].
- Aprenatal
- Bfuse
- Celongated
- Dstriped
- Econtract
5Label the diagram:
- Atendon
- Bligament
- Cconnective tissue
- Dmyosin
- Ebundle of muscle fibres
- Fmyofibrils
- Gone muscle fibre
- Hbundle of muscle fibres
- Imyofibrils
- Jmyosin
- Ksarcomere
- Lactin
6muscle fibres are bound together by connective tissue, which is continuous with the tendons
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
7Each muscle [blank_start]fibre[blank_end] may be up to 2cm long, but less than 0.1mm in diameter. Inside the muscle fibre is the cytoplasm containing [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end] and the other organelles found in a cell. Within each muscle fibre there are also numerous [blank_start]myofibrils[blank_end]; each is composed of [blank_start]repeated contractile units[blank_end] called sarcomeres.
- Afibre
- Bbundle
- Cmitochondria
- Dvacuole
- Emyofibrils
- Fmyosins
- Grepeated contractile units
- Hblocks
8Sarcomeres are made up of myofibrils
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9What is the name of the protein that makes up the thinner filament in a sarcomere?
- Aactin
- Bmyosin
- Cmyofibril
10What is the name of the protein that makes up the thicker filament in a sarcomere?
- Amyosin
- Bactin
- Cmyofibril
11[blank_start]Contractions[blank_end] are brought about by co-ordinated sliding of these protein filaments within the muscle cell [blank_start]sarcomeres[blank_end]. The proteins overlap and give the muscle fibre its characteristic [blank_start]striped[blank_end] (striated) appearance under the microscope. When the muscle contracts, the [blank_start]actin[blank_end] moves between the [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] - this [blank_start]shortens[blank_end] the length of the sarcomere and hence the length of the [blank_start]muscle[blank_end].
- AContractions
- BExtensions
- Csarcomeres
- Dtendons
- Estriped
- Fspotted
- Gactin
- Hmyosin
- Imyosin
- Jactin
- Kshortens
- Llengthens
- Mmuscle
- Nligament
12Label the diagram:
- Aone sarcomere
- Bhalf a sarcomere
- Cactin
- Dmyosin
- Eactin
- Fmyosin
13How are myosin molecules shaped?
- Alike golf clubs
- Blike sweet chilli flavour sunbites
14What are troponin and tropomyosin?
- Aprotein molecules
- Bfatty acid chains
- Cpolysaccharides
15Label the diagram:
- Amyosin binding site
- Btroponin molecule
- Cmyosin head
- Dmyofibril
- Etroponin molecule
- Ftropomyosin
- Gtropomyosin
- Htroponin molecule
- Imyosin molecule
- Jactin molecule
- Kactin molecule
- Lmyosin molecule
16What is sarcoplasm?
- Athe name given to cyotplasm in a muscle cell
- Bspecialised type of endoplasmic reticulum, a system of membrane-bound sacs around the myofibrils
- Ccell surface membrane
17What is sarcoplasmic reticulum?
- Aspecialised type of endoplasmic reticulum, a system of membrane-bound sacs around the myofibrils
- Bcell surface membrane
- Cthe name given to cytoplasm in a muscle cell
18What is the sarcolemma
- Acell surface membrane
- Bspecialised type of endoplasmic reticulum, a system of membrane-bound sacs around the myofibrils
- Cthe name given to cytoplasm in a muscle cell
19Label the diagram:
- Aneuromuscular junction
- Bsarcolemma
- Csarcolemma
- Dneuromuscular junction
- Emotor neurone
- Frelay neurone
- Gmyofibril
- Hmyosin
- Itransverse tubule
- Jmicrotubule
- Ksarcoplasmic reticulum
- Lsarcoplasm
- Mroute of nerve impulse
- Nrelease of calcium ions
- Oroute of nerve impulse
- Prelease of calcium ions
20When a [blank_start]nerve impulse[blank_end] arrives at a neuromuscular junction, [blank_start]calcium[blank_end] ions are released from the [blank_start]sarcoplasmic[blank_end] reticulum. The calcium ions [blank_start]diffuse[blank_end] through the sarcoplasm. This initiates the movement of protein filaments. Calcium ions attach to the [blank_start]troponin[blank_end] molecule causing it to move. As a result, the [blank_start]tropomyosin[blank_end] on the actin filament shifts its position, exposing [blank_start]myosin-binding sites[blank_end] on the actin filaments. Myosin heads bind with myosin-binding sites on the actin filament, forming [blank_start]cross-bridges[blank_end]. When the myosin heads bind to the actin, [blank_start]ADP and P[blank_end] on the myosin head [blank_start]are[blank_end] released. The [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] changes shape, causing the [blank_start]myosin head[blank_end] to nod forward. This movement results in the relative movement of filaments; the attached [blank_start]actin[blank_end] moves over the myosin. An [blank_start]ATP[blank_end] molecule binds to the myosin head - this causes the myosin head to [blank_start]detach from[blank_end] the actin. An [blank_start]ATPase[blank_end] on the myosin head hydrolyses the ATP, forming ADP and P. This [blank_start]hydrolysis[blank_end] causes a change in the shape of the myosin head. It returns to its upright position. This enables the cycle to start again
- Acalcium
- Bsodium
- Csarcoplasmic
- Dendoplasmic
- Enerve impulse
- Fhormone
- Gdiffuse
- Hare actively transported
- Itroponin
- Jtropomyosin
- Ktropomyosin
- Ltroponin
- Mmyosin-binding sites
- Nmyosin heads
- Ocross-bridges
- Pionic interactions
- QADP and P
- RATP
- Sare
- Tis
- Umyosin
- Vmyosin head
- Wmyosin head
- Xmyosin
- Yactin
- Zmyofibril
- AAdetach from
- ABattach to
- ACATP
- ADDNA
- AEATPase
- AFATP synthase
- AGhydrolysis
- AHsynthesis
21Label the diagram:
- AADP + Pi
- BATP
- Ccalcium ion
- Dmyosin- binding site
- EADP + Pi
- FATP
- GATP
- HADP + Pi
- IADP + Pi
- JATP
- KADP + Pi released
- LATPase causes hydrolysis
- MMyosin head moves forward - actin moves
- NADP + Pi released
- Ocross-bridge forms
- PATPase causes hydrolysis
- QMyosin head nods forward - actin moves
- RATPase causes hydrolysis
- SMyosin head nods forward - actin moves
- TADP + Pi released
- Ucross-bridge forms
- Vcross-bridge forms
- WADP + Pi released
- Xmyosin head nods forward - actin moves
- YATPase causes hydrolysis
- Zmyosin head detaches
- AAlwngnwarg
- ABmyosin head returns to upright position
- AC;oawingopn
22When a muscle [blank_start]relaxes[blank_end], it's no longer being stimulated by nerve impulses. Calcium ions are [blank_start]actively pumped[blank_end] out of the muscle [blank_start]sarcoplasm[blank_end], using [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]. The troponin and tropomyosin move back, once again blocking the [blank_start]myosin-binding sites[blank_end] on the actin.
- Arelaxes
- Bactively pumped
- Csarcoplasm
- DATP
- Emyosin-binding sites
23What happens in the absence of ATP?
- Athe cross-bridges remain attached
- Bthe cross-bridges still break
Información
- Descripción
- 23 questions
- Autor
- Ella Middlemiss
- Idioma
- English
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