Test
Energy
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (168)
1Energy security is access to reliable and [blank_start]affordable[blank_end] energy resources e.g. [blank_start]Russia[blank_end]. Countries that do not have this are said to be energy [blank_start]insecure[blank_end].
- Aaffordable
- BRussia
- Cinsecure
2What are the 4 most important factors when achieving energy security?
- AControl over supplies.
- BControl over prices.
- CAlliances with energy producing nations.
- DPolitical stability.
- EHaving a non-polluting source of energy.
- FHaving a variety of energy resources to call on.
3Which of the pose a potential threat to energy security?
- ARapid increases in oil prices e.g. 2004.
- BDiscovery of vast quantities of reserves.
- CInstability of supplies e.g. Georgia 2008.
- DManipulation of supply process.
- EThe discovery of a new alternative resources e.g. biofuels.
- FAttack on infrastructure e.g. terrorism.
- GThe election of a strong left wing leader in Russia.
- HCompetition from expanding economies e.g. China.
- IEnvironmental legislation which adds to cost of finding, transporting and processing the resource.
- JClimate change.
4How can energy security be improved?
- AGreater energy efficiency.
- BWar.
- CMore investment into secure piping networks e.g. in Syria.
- DGreater energy self-sufficiency.
- EDecentralisation of energy production.
- FShort term stockpiles (90 days).
5In Russia, there is a huge [blank_start]surplus[blank_end] of energy however it is used [blank_start]inefficiently[blank_end] and could potentially be used as a [blank_start]weapon[blank_end] in the future.
- Asurplus
- Bdeficit
- Cwastage
- Dinefficiently
- Eby the rich
- Ffar too often
- Gweapon
- Hbargaining chip
- Icar fuel
6China is experiencing a rapidly growing [blank_start]demand[blank_end] for energy and they use fuels which are [blank_start]pollutants[blank_end], such as sulphur [blank_start]coal.[blank_end] This has impacts of people's [blank_start]health[blank_end] as well the global price of [blank_start]fossil[blank_end] fuels.
- Ademand
- Bpollutants
- Ccoal
- Dhealth
- Efossil
7The Middle East is completely secure as there is a huge supply of oil and there are few threats over terrorism.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Africa experiences energy [blank_start]poverty[blank_end] and is heavily dependent on foreign [blank_start]TNCs[blank_end] to [blank_start]exploit[blank_end] their supplies e.g. Nigeria and [blank_start]Sudan[blank_end].
- Apoverty
- BTNCs
- Cexploit
- DSudan
9The USA is wasteful with its supply of energy and therefore, it has a lack of fossil fuel supplies. As a result, it has turned to finding alternative supplies of energy, such as fracking.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
10Canada has vast reserves of energy supplies, such as [blank_start]oil[blank_end], however they are located in [blank_start]environmentally[blank_end] sensitive areas such as the [blank_start]Arctic[blank_end]. This has caused a backlash from [blank_start]environmentalists[blank_end], with many people [blank_start]opposing[blank_end] the plans to explore the sources.
- Aoil
- Benvironmentally
- CArctic
- Denvironmentalists
- Eopposing
11Which are the following are examples of non-renewable energy resources?
- ACoal.
- BWind.
- CTidal.
- DOil.
- EGas.
- FTar sands.
- GSolar.
- HBiofuel.
12What is renewable energy?
- AA flow of resources which is infinite in human terms.
- BEnergy which can be used repeatedly if managed carefully.
- CA finite stock of resources which will run out.
13Which 2 of the following are disadvantages of non-renewable energy?
- AThey are expensive.
- BThey are relatively scarce, especially in the UK.
- CThere are significant environmental impacts during extraction.
- DGreenhouse gas emissions during use, as well as acid emissions.
- ETheir effects are not well-known yet as they are relatively new.
14Renewable energy is positive in every way as they have no greenhouse gas emissions and their operation does not require much space.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
15[blank_start]Recyclable[blank_end] energy, such as [blank_start]nuclear[blank_end] energy, is not viewed as 100% safe at present. There are still many [blank_start]unresolved[blank_end] issues regarding the storing of large quantities of [blank_start]radioactive[blank_end] waste.
- ARecyclable
- Bnuclear
- Cunresolved
- Dradioactive
16What are the environmental impacts of using coal?
- AReleases greenhouse gases.
- BIt is heavy to transport = more emissions.
- CDeep or opencast mining scars the landscape.
- DLand has to be flooded.
- EIts residue may leak and affect nearby habitats.
17What are the environmental impacts of using oil and natural gas?
- ALand has to be flooded and so vegetation is drowned.
- BOften located in environmentally sensitive areas.
- COil and gas leaks can occur.
- DGreenhouse gas emissions when burnt.
- EProduces radioactive waste which cannot be disposed of.
18What are the environmental impacts of using nuclear energy?
- AHuge quantities of greenhouse gases are emitted.
- BLand has to be flooded.
- CRadioactive waste is extremely difficult to process, store and dispose of.
- DHas had safety implications in the past e.g. Chernobyl 1986 in which radiation spread across Europe.
19What are the environmental impacts of using hydroelectric power?
- ALand is flooded and so vegetation is drowned which can release methane and CO2 as it decays.
- BSilt from upstream is deposited in the new lakes, rather than enriching agricultural land downstream which means that farmers may decide to use chemical fertilisers.
- CDams could collapse, specifically in seismically active areas e.g. Sichuan 2008.
- DIt releases a lot of pollutants such as sulphur dioxide which can cause acid rain.
- ETakes up the most amount of land of all the different energy sources.
- FThe water is polluted by chemicals which improve the quality of the energy produced.
20What is the greatest disadvantage of geothermal energy?
- AIt is limited to seismically active areas.
- BProcessing the energy is extremely expensive.
- CTheir plants destroy the natural beauty of volcanic landscapes.
21What are the environmental impacts of using wind power?
- AThey are visually unappealing- NIMBYism
- BThey can harm birds and other wildlife.
- CThe emit methane.
- DThey create noise pollution.
- ELand has to be flooded.
22What are the 2 main issues with generating solar energy?
- ALarge areas of land have to be covered with solar panels.
- BIt is extremely dependent on nature and the amount of sunlight the panels receive.
- CThey produce dangerous by products which are difficult to dispose off.
- DThey are very noisy and deter people from living nearby.
23What is the main problem with tidal energy?
- ALots of land has to be flooded.
- BIt emits so many greenhouse gases in production that it counteracts its benefit.
- CThe barrages built to harness it destroy wildlife habitats.
24Biomass is not completely free of emissions as they often release greenhouse gases, although little if methane is used.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25By how much did Bangladesh's energy consumption increase between 1997 and 2007 on account of their increasing development levels?
- A25%
- B63%
- C92%
26Generally, is consumption of HICs increasing or decreasing?
- AIncreasing
- BDecreasing
27Generally, is the consumption of NICs increasing or decreasing?
- AIncreasing
- BDecreasing
28Which nation is predicted to be the largest consumer of energy by 2025?
- AIndia
- BChina
- CBrazil
- DUSA
29The greatest demand for energy in China is in the rural area, where there are many isolated areas which require energy to connect themselves to the rest of the country and world.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
30China's energy consumption is [blank_start]double[blank_end] its domestic production. Therefore, oil imports doubled between [blank_start]1999[blank_end] and [blank_start]2004[blank_end]. However, oil consumption per person is one [blank_start]fifth[blank_end] of the USA.
- Adouble
- Btriple
- Chalf
- D1999
- E1985
- F1989
- G2004
- H2010
- I2001
- Jfifth
- Kthird
- Ltenth
31There is correlation between a nations [blank_start]GDP[blank_end] and their energy use.
- AGDP
32How many people in the world still lack household electricity?
- A6 billion
- B1.7 billion
- C2 billion
33In LICs, what percentage of energy consumption does traditional biomass count for?
- A75%
- B85%
- C90%
34Since what year has nuclear energy been available as a power source?
- A1954
- B1938
- C1971
35Oil and gas are now going to be extracted from deeper waters e.g. Horizon deepwater rig in Mexico.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
36Which is cheaper?
- ACoal
- BNatural gas
37An energy crisis is a serious [blank_start]shortage[blank_end] of energy which interrupts [blank_start]domestic[blank_end] supplies and impacts the [blank_start]economy[blank_end].
- Ashortage
- Bdomestic
- Ceconomy
38Reserves to [blank_start]Production[blank_end] ratio is calculated by [blank_start]dividing[blank_end] reserves remaining at the end of each year by production. The result is the [blank_start]length[blank_end] of time reserves would last if production was to [blank_start]continue[blank_end] at that level.
- AProduction
- Bdividing
- Ccontinue
- Dlength
39The USA's Strategic Petroleum Reserve is a supply of oil which will last 6 months in the event of severe interruptions to imports.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
40Which 2 of the following are examples of energy pathways?
- APipelines
- BNuclear power plants
- CLNG tank ships
- DShipping routes
41Energy pathways are the supply [blank_start]routes[blank_end] between energy [blank_start]producers[blank_end] and [blank_start]consumers[blank_end].
- Aroutes
- Bconsumers
- Cproducers
42Which of the following means that a country has more energy resources than they need?
- ASurplus
- BDeficit
43In which region will remaining oil and gas reserves increasingly concentrate over the next 30 years?
- AMiddle East.
- BThe Sahel.
- CSouth East Asia.
44Which factor constrains renewable energy production most?
- AGovernment legislation.
- BPhysical geography- specifically climate.
- CPublic opinion- specifically that of environmentalists.
45An [blank_start]intermittent[blank_end] energy source is one which is not [blank_start]continuously[blank_end] available due to some factor out of direct [blank_start]control[blank_end] e.g. climate. This means that energy must be [blank_start]stored[blank_end] which can be very expensive and [blank_start]technically[blank_end] difficult.
- Aintermittent
- Bcontinuously
- Ccontrol
- Dstored
- Etechnically
46What wind speed is required to generate energy?
- A10-15 mph
- B8-25 mph
- C9-11 mph
47In areas of what kwh per metre per day does solar energy work best?
- A3
- B6
- C9
48Biomass is really convenient as it does not require a large land area.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
49In which feature of the landscape is HEP best generated in?
- ADeep, narrow valleys.
- BOn cliff sides.
- CIn bays.
50Where in the UK can onshore wind be used to generate energy?
- AThe West coast of England, Wales and Scotland.
- BThe Highlands of Scotland.
- CThe South coast of England.
51Where in the UK can offshore wind be used to generate energy?
- AThe North East of England.
- BThe Atlantic coast and mountainous regions.
- CThe East coast of Scotland.
52Where in the UK can tidal energy be used to generate electricity?
- AWest coast of England and Scotland.
- BSouth coast of England.
- CThe Highlands of Scotland.
53Where in the UK can solar power be used to generate energy?
- ANorth of England.
- BEast of England.
- CSouth of England.
54What year was the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in which vast quantities of radiation were spread across Europe?
- A1986
- B1985
- C1984
55Lack of access to energy resources is common in the [blank_start]developed[blank_end] world.
- Adeveloped
- Bdeveloping
- Cwestern
56What percentage of the world's population still relies on fuel wood, farm waste and dung as their primary cooking and heating fuel?
- A40%
- B60%
- C75%
57Access to cheap, [blank_start]reliable[blank_end] energy is strongly related to [blank_start]development[blank_end] as much of modern life and [blank_start]industry[blank_end] depends on it.
- Areliable
- Bdevelopment
- Cindustry
58How many people do not have access to electricity?
- A1 billion
- B2 billion
- C3 billion
59By how much did global energy demand grown between 1960 and 1980?
- ATriple
- B75%
- CDouble
60Which nations have largely contributed to the increasing demand for energy in recent years?
- ABRICs
- BDeveloping nations e.g. Indonesia and Mexico
- CUSA
- DNorth African countries
61How many Amur Leopards are left in the wild near to Vladivostok in East Siberia?
- A10-20
- B20-30
- C30-40
62The pipeline which affects the [blank_start]Amur[blank_end] Leopard is the [blank_start]Pacific[blank_end] Ocean Pipeline which links Russia to [blank_start]Asia[blank_end], thereby opening up new trade [blank_start]routes[blank_end] and markets. It is [blank_start]2600[blank_end] miles long.
- AAmur
- BPacific
- CAsia
- Droutes
- E2600
63Other than affecting the Amur leopards, what are the main threats of the pipeline?
- AFreezing of pipelines due to sub-zero temperatures in Siberia.
- BUSA could sabotage it.
- CSmall animals may get trapped inside the pipes.
- DOil spills in the sea.
- EPiracy.
64Pipelines in Siberia have been built above ground in order to avoid permafrost.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
65Which of the following are examples of energy infrastructure?
- APlant and machinery at point of extraction.
- BDomestic appliances.
- CEnergy terminals, pipelines and shipping.
- DPower stations and electricity grids,
- ESubmarines.
- FTransformers.
66Which coastline of Africa is particularly vulnerable to piracy?
- ANorthern
- BEastern
- CSouthern
- DWestern
67How many piracy attacks occur off the coast of Somalia annually?
- A500
- B130
- C550
68Which 2 parts of Somalia are particularly notorious for holding ships?
- AEyl
- BHobyo
- CMuddug
- DMareeg
69Why does piracy increase the price of oil?
- AThere is less of it.
- BThe quality is severely affected so some has to be disposed of.
- CHigher insurance premiums, the cost of which is passed onto the consumer.
70Global chokepoints are narrow shipping [blank_start]passages[blank_end] which ships must pass through. They are areas of [blank_start]congestion[blank_end] and if it is close, there are huge short term [blank_start]consequences[blank_end] in upsetting the supply and demand [blank_start]equilibrium[blank_end].
- Apassages
- Bcongestion
- Cconsequences
- Dequilibrium
71The Straits of Hormuz connects Iran and Oman to Japan, India and China. How many million barrels of oil pass through a day?
- A10
- B13
- C17
72The Suez Canal is in the Middle East. How many million barrels of oil pass through a day?
- A4.5
- B5.5
- C6.5
73Bab el Mandab is located in Somalia. How many million barrels of oil pass through a day?
- A1.2
- B2.4
- C3.3
74Which of the following disrupt energy supplies?
- AWeather events e.g. Hurricane Katrina 2005.
- BTerrorist attacks.
- CA booming tourist industry.
- DConflicts e.g. Gulf War.
- EAn epidemic e.g. a cholera outbreak in Saudi Arabia.
75In 1991, Iraqi troops were retreating from Kuwait at the end of the first Gulf War. How many Kuwaiti oil wells did they set fire to and how many barrels of oil a day did it consumer?
- A600 and 6 million
- B27 and 1.5 million
- C325 and 3 million
7610 days after Hurricane Katrina 2005, oil productions was only ___% of its normal level.
- A42%
- B35%
- C61%
77In 2005, the Buncefield Oil Storage Depot in [blank_start]Hertfordshire[blank_end] experienced an explosion which destroyed £[blank_start]10[blank_end] million worth of fuel. [blank_start]Heathrow[blank_end] airport had to ration fuel as Buncefield supplied [blank_start]30[blank_end]% of their fuel. Airlines had to make extra stops to [blank_start]refuel[blank_end] elsewhere.
- AHertfordshire
- B10
- CHeathrow
- D30
- Erefuel
78Which type of energy, oil or gas, has a more complex global pattern of pathways and players?
- AOil
- BGas
79Which energy source, oil or gas, is typically transported through pipelines rather than by ship?
- AOil
- BGas
80Where does the bulk of Russian oil supplies travel to?
- AEurope.
- BChina.
- CSouth America.
81As movement of gas through pipelines becomes less dependable for political reasons, it is likely that there will be a switch towards shipping gas in tankers as liquified natural gas.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
82Why could Gazprom potentially be a threat to Europe?
- AIt supplies a large amount of gas to Europe, most of which is piped through Ukraine.
- BFlow fell by 40% in 2009 when Gazprom shut down its pipeline.
- CThey could threaten a nuclear war as they have nuclear energy supplies as well as gas.
- DThey are the world's most profitable company so could have widespread economic influence too.
83Why is Gazprom not a potential threat to Europe?
- AIt cannot cut off supplies as Russian and European markets are too valuable to lose.
- BIt has little influence and not many countries rely on it for energy.
- CIt is constructing new pipelines e.g. Nord Stream through Baltic with no transit countries.
- DIt has weak infrastructure which makes it less efficient in comparison to other energy sources e.g. oil from Bahrain.
- ENabucco pipeline will bring gas from Central Asia, although a small capacity.
84Population demand is pivotal to global energy uncertainty become the more people there are, the higher the demand for energy e.g. India and China.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
85Rising [blank_start]living[blank_end] standards causes a greater demand for energy because the more [blank_start]wealthy[blank_end] people are, the more appliances people can afford which need energy to function. The rise in [blank_start]middle[blank_end] classes, such as in India, has increased demand, especially in the [blank_start]car[blank_end] industry. Tatanano, an Indian company, requires [blank_start]20[blank_end] barrels of oil to produce a car.
- Aliving
- Bwealthy
- Cmiddle
- Dcar
- E20
86The amount of new energy discoveries have increased in recent years.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
87Once reserves are discovered, you cannot drill immediately due to the infrastructure which has to be built.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
88What percentage of Brazil's reserves are under 400m of water, making it difficult to obtain?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
89[blank_start]Climate[blank_end] [blank_start]change[blank_end] can add to the uncertainty surround global energy supply because it increases the amount of [blank_start]natural[blank_end] disasters and hazards.
- AClimate
- Bchange
- Cnatural
90The scale of renewable shift involves which of the following questions?
- AHow quickly are we going to switch to renewables?
- BWill we switch to renewables completely?
- CWhat sources will we use?
- DDo the benefits outweigh the costs?
- EWill we find alternative energy sources but still use fossil fuels at the same time?
91Which of the following are considered 'unconventional' energy sources?
- ASolar
- BTidal
- CCoal
- DTar sands
- EFracking
- FDeep water oil
92Unconventional energy sources are only viable when the price of oil is [blank_start]high[blank_end].
- Ahigh
- Blow
- Cequal
93As the price of oil [blank_start]increases[blank_end] dramatically, the world economy falls into [blank_start]recession[blank_end].
- Aincreases
- Brecession
94In the next 10 years, what percentage of the oil needed to sustain the economy will we have according to scientists?
- A50%
- B60%
- C30%
95In July 2008, the price of oil was [blank_start]$147[blank_end] a barrel and in November 2008, it was [blank_start]$40[blank_end] a barrel. This shows that the price of oil is [blank_start]volatile[blank_end].
- A$147
- B$200
- C$220
- D$40
- E$5
- F$70
- Gvolatile
- Hstable
- Ishaky
96Greenpeace says that countries rushing for oil in a time of global warming are...
- A'deeply irresponsible'
- B'threatening the planet'
- C'very wise because demand must be met'
97The Arctic National [blank_start]Wildlife[blank_end] Refuge (ANWR) is located in [blank_start]Alaska[blank_end] and aims to protect the Arctic from [blank_start]energy[blank_end] companies as there are vast reserves of [blank_start]oil[blank_end] there. However, there is already infrastructure in place such as oil fields and [blank_start]trans-American[blank_end] pipeline.
- AWildlife
- BAlaska
- Cenergy
- Doil
- Etrans-American
98What type of group has managed to stop oil extraction in ANWR's zone?
- AEnvironmentalist.
- BConservationist.
- CLobby.
99What percentage of the world's unexploited oil and gas reserves are contained in the Arctic?
- A10%
- B15%
- C25%
100In what year did Russia claim underwater oil in the Arctic by planting flags on the sea bed and claiming that it was an extension of their land mass?
- A2001
- B2007
- C2009
101UN law states that Russia have a right to the oil as countries can exploit offshore resources within 200 nautical miles of their territory.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
102Drilling in the Arctic would disturb the habitat of 129,000 [blank_start]porcupine[blank_end] caribou and push them to the foothills where they would be exposed to [blank_start]predators[blank_end].
- Aporcupine
- BArctic
- Csnowy
- Dpredators
- Edangerous drilling equipment
- Fhumans
103Alaskan and Canadian [blank_start]indigenous[blank_end] people say that it is a violation of their [blank_start]human[blank_end] [blank_start]rights[blank_end] as 70% of their [blank_start]diet[blank_end] comes from the land and animals.
- Aindigenous
- Bhuman
- Crights
- Ddiet
104Canada has an area the size of which country with tar sand reserves?
- AEngland
- BFrance
- CIndia
105Tar sands is only viable when the cost of oil is more than ___$ a barrel.
- A30
- B50
- C80
106Tar sands is not environmentally damaging and does not use very much water in production.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
107How many km of forest has been removed in Alberta to facilitate tar sands oil production?
- A470
- B550
- C560
108Producing [blank_start]useable[blank_end] oil from tar sands is energy intensive. It takes the equivalent of [blank_start]1[blank_end] barrel of oil to produce [blank_start]3[blank_end] barrels of crude oil from tar sands.
- Auseable
- Bhigh quality
- Ccrude
- D1
- E0.5
- F3
- G3
- H5
- I7
109What is the correct order of the tar sands process?
- ADig, crush and move, extract oil, dilute to remove impurities and produce synthetic crude oil.
- BDilute to remove impurities, dig, extract oil, crush and move, and produce synthetic crude oil.
- CExtract oil, dig, crush and move, dilute to remove impurities and produce synthetic crude oil.
110As a result of their tar sands production, what climate change objective did Canada miss in 2011?
- AKyoto protocol.
- BThe Paris Agreement.
- CG8 Climate pact.
111By 2030, tar sands could meet __%of North America's demand for oil, making it more energy secure.
- A12%
- B15%
- C16%
112Deep water drilling is drilling of the sea [blank_start]bed[blank_end], from an oil [blank_start]rig[blank_end] to obtain oil lying beneath more than [blank_start]400[blank_end]m below the sea.
- Abed
- Brig
- C400
113Which of the following are true about the 2010 BP oil spill disaster?
- AIt occurred in the Gulf of Mexico.
- BIt occurred off the coast of Tunisia.
- CIt killed 22 people.
- DIt killed 11 people.
- EIt spilt 750,000 cubic metres of oil.
- FIt spilt 1.2 million cubic metres of oil.
- GIt killed many animals and aquatic life e.g. 26,000 marine mammals and 82,000 birds.
- HThere was only a minor affect on species living there as it is a relatively uninhabited stretch of water.
114Which of the following are the disadvantages of deep water drilling?
- AIt will not generate enough oil to fulfil the needs of the world and therefore does not decrease the price much.
- BThere are major environmental impacts e.g. oil spills.
- CThe facilities are very expensive and maintaining it is high risk due to possibility of fire and drowning.
- DIt can affect tourism as it is not very attractive.
- EIt reduces reliance on Middle Eastern countries, greatly affecting their economies.
- FLower oil prices means that people who work very hard extracting the oil get less money.
- GIt creates very few jobs.
115Fracking for [blank_start]shale[blank_end] gas uses high [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] water to shatter shale rocks and release the [blank_start]natural[blank_end] [blank_start]gas[blank_end] within. It is energy intensive as it uses [blank_start]8[blank_end] million litres of water, which is the consumption of [blank_start]65,000[blank_end] people daily. Although it is finite, it is quite reliable as there are large reserves such as in the USA as well as [blank_start]Northern[blank_end] England. It can pollute the water supply with [blank_start]carcinogenic[blank_end] chemicals such as benzene which cannot be purified. It also releases [blank_start]methane[blank_end] which is 25 x more potent than CO2 and [blank_start]earthquake[blank_end] tremors are common as it makes the ground unstable.
- Ashale
- Bpressure
- Cnatural
- Dgas
- E8
- F65,000
- GNorthern
- Hcarcinogenic
- Imethane
- Jearthquake
116Fracking in the UK has not generally been well received because landowners do not have claim to the gas beneath their land which could mean that they are forced out- NIMBYism applies.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
117Why is fracking not thought to be as much as a game changer in the UK as the USA?
- AMore opposition.
- BLess land available.
- CA smaller supply of shale gas.
118Bioethanol requires a lot of land, which is unfavourable to [blank_start]Europe[blank_end] as there is not a large amount of available land. Some crops used produce more [blank_start]greenhouse[blank_end] [blank_start]gases[blank_end] than fossil fuels and [blank_start]nitrous[blank_end] oxide from fertilisers will have a [blank_start]300[blank_end] x greater impact on global warming than fossil fuels. [blank_start]Deforestation[blank_end] is another issue, however plant regrowth will always happen and so is reliable. It cost $[blank_start]1[blank_end] more for the consumer in 2010 compared to petrol and diesel and production cost varies due to crop failure or success as it is reliant on [blank_start]yield[blank_end]. Brazil is a pioneer in biofuels and after its introduction, it experienced a [blank_start]70-90[blank_end]% decrease in emissions.
- AEurope
- Bgreenhouse
- Cgases
- Dnitrous
- E300
- FDeforestation
- G1
- Hyield
- I70-90
119Concentrated solar power is dependent on [blank_start]UV[blank_end] rays and so is not as effective when it is cloudy. It also requires a lot of land and so may interfere with [blank_start]habitats[blank_end] as well as using a lot of [blank_start]water[blank_end] which can put a strain on the water supply. It is currently quite [blank_start]expensive[blank_end] however as technology advances, it is likely that this cost will go down. It is a renewable energy source with low emissions which is much better for people's [blank_start]health[blank_end]. It creates well paid, skilled jobs in [blank_start]manufacturing[blank_end] and maintenance. It is more effective in [blank_start]sunnier[blank_end] climates e.g. Spain and Australia, however, the energy cannot be [blank_start]stored[blank_end] at present which makes it less viable for parts of Europe which do not receive a [blank_start]steady[blank_end] supply of sunshine.
- AUV
- Bhabitats
- Cwater
- Dexpensive
- Ehealth
- Fmanufacturing
- Gsunnier
- Hstored
- Isteady
120Nuclear energy is a highly [blank_start]reliable[blank_end] energy source as a small amount of it produces a [blank_start]large[blank_end] amount of energy. It is also [blank_start]recyclable[blank_end], with an abundant but finite supply of [blank_start]uranium[blank_end]. It creates jobs in maintenance and security, however does pose a serious [blank_start]terrorist[blank_end] threat. It produces [blank_start]radioactive[blank_end] waste which is potentially very dangerous, e.g. Chernobyl 1986 and [blank_start]Fukushima[blank_end] 2011. Public opinion makes it less desirable as there is fear surrounding its disposal.
- Areliable
- Blarge
- Crecyclable
- Duranium
- Eterrorist
- FFukushima
- Gradioactive
121What year did OPEC form and how many members were there initially?
- A1955 and 10
- B1963 and 6
- C1960 and 12
122How much do OPEC nations need to pay to go above the oil quota (created to stabilise the price of oil in the world market)?
- A$2 million
- B$4 million
- C$6 million
123What percentage of the world's oil does OPEC produce?
- A81%
- B55%
- C79%
124Which 3 of the OPEC nations produce the most oil?
- AKuwait
- BIran
- CSaudi Arabia
- DNigeria
- EVenezuela
- FUA4
125OPEC is a [blank_start]cartel[blank_end] which is an agreement between firms to [blank_start]fix[blank_end] prices and production [blank_start]quantity[blank_end].
- Acartel
- Borganisation
- Cproducer
- Dfix
- Ereduce
- Fincrease
- Gquantity
- Hquality
- Iinfrastructure
126What is OPEC's main barriers?
- AHigh prices prompting nations which buy from them to seek other sources e.g. Fracking.
- BConflict with other oil producing nations.
- CProblems with machinery which is frequent e.g. in 2006.
127What was the USA's dependence on OPEC oil in 1978 and 1985 respectively?
- A83% and 75%
- B35% and 81%
- C82% and 41%
128In 1999, how did OPEC raise prices?
- ABy cutting production.
- BBy sabotaging their own production.
- CBy refusing to sell to certain countries.
129Which two events cause benchmark prices to rise and stay above $40 a barrel in mid 2004?
- AThe Olympic games in Athens.
- BThe new dictatorship in Bahrain.
- CThe industrial growth in China.
- DThe occupation of Iraq.
130Recently, oil prices have been driven by speculation on the market and not on actual supply and demand e.g. threat of war and natural disasters.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
131When the US dollar falls, what happens to the purchasing power of OPEC member states?
- AIt decreases.
- BIt increases.
- CIt stays the same.
132OPEC oil supplies are in such a vast supply that they have not yet reached their peak and will continue increasing.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
133How many countries does BP operate in?
- A29
- B14
- C91
134What was BP's profit in 2008?
- A$28 billion.
- B$13 billion
- C$950 million.
135BP is also a leading producer of tidal energy.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
136In 2008, how many of the top 10 largest global companies did energy TNCs account for?
- A10
- B9
- C6
137The future of energy [blank_start]TNCs[blank_end] will be threatened by [blank_start]OPEC[blank_end] and national energy companies. They will also continue to be [blank_start]protested[blank_end] against by Greenpeace due to their emissions and contribution to [blank_start]global[blank_end] [blank_start]warming[blank_end]. However, many are becoming more environmentally friendly in order to develop a better public [blank_start]image[blank_end]. Exxon mobil and Conocophillips spend over $[blank_start]30[blank_end] million a year on lobbying the government in favouring their [blank_start]policies[blank_end]. Supermajor TNCs are privatised and owned by European countries and USA e.g. UK owns BP. State-owned oil giants include [blank_start]Gazprom[blank_end] from Russia and Saudi Aramco from [blank_start]Saudi[blank_end] [blank_start]Arabia[blank_end] which all have access to vast reserves and are very [blank_start]influential[blank_end].
- ATNCs
- BOPEC
- Cprotested
- Dglobal
- Ewarming
- Fimage
- G30
- Hpolicies
- IGazprom
- JSaudi
- KArabia
- Linfluential
138As resources become more [blank_start]finite[blank_end], it creates a greater problem for [blank_start]privately owned[blank_end] companies. There are increased [blank_start]taxes[blank_end] on TNCs and therefore, they increase their prices which is passed onto the [blank_start]consumer[blank_end].
- Afinite
- Bvast
- Creadily available
- Dprivately owned
- Estate owned
- Fall energy
- Gtaxes
- Hprotests
- Ilaws
- Jconsumer
- Kmanufacturer
- Lengineer
139What is resource nationalisation?
- AWhen TNCs are excluded or partially excluded from producing areas, otherwise they are subject to harsher economic terms such as taxes and tariffs.
- BWhen the government creates their own rigs to process the resources and charge a much greater price.
- CWhen production of resources is halted completely to all the supplies to recharge themselves.
140OPEC was created to co-ordinate and unify the [blank_start]petroleum[blank_end] policies of member countries and [blank_start]stabilise[blank_end] the oil market. It aims to secure an efficient, economic and [blank_start]regular[blank_end] supply of petrol to its customers.
- Apetroleum
- Bstabilise
- Cregular
141Is OPECs degree of influence low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
142Governments in oil producing countries (not [blank_start]OPEC[blank_end]) tax energy for [blank_start]price[blank_end] control within the country as well as for [blank_start]environmental[blank_end] problems. They determine what [blank_start]fossil[blank_end] fuels can be used, [blank_start]renewable[blank_end] policies and laws on drilling [blank_start]licenses[blank_end].
- AOPEC
- Bprice
- Cenvironmental
- Dfossil
- Erenewable
- Flicenses
143What degree of influence do governments in oil producing countries (ex. OPEC) have: low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
144What percentage of the price of a litre of petrol does the UK government take as tax at the pump?
- A61%
- B35%
- C41%
145Gazprom and other [blank_start]state[blank_end] owned oil companies provide energy within their own country. Gazprom's share in global and Russian gas reserves are 17% and [blank_start]72[blank_end]% respectively. They have large scale gas [blank_start]development[blank_end] projects in [blank_start]Yamal[blank_end] Peninsula, Arctic [blank_start]shelf[blank_end], Eastern Siberia and Russia Far East.
- Astate
- B72
- Cdevelopment
- Dshelf
- EYamal
146Is Gazprom and other state owned oil companies' degree of influence low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
147Energy TNCs are responsible for [blank_start]exploration[blank_end], development, [blank_start]production[blank_end] and the sale of energy products.
- Aexploration
- Bproduction
148Is the degree of influence of energy TNCs low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
149Consumers influence [blank_start]demand[blank_end] as we buy the products. Public opinion can influence [blank_start]government[blank_end] opinion and policies e.g. fracking legislation. In 2013, consumers in [blank_start]Sussex[blank_end] protested and stopped shale fracking in the home counties by Cuadrilla.
- Ademand
- Bgovernment
- CSussex
150Is consumers degree of influence low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
151Environmentalists raise awareness of the [blank_start]disadvantages[blank_end] of fossil fuels and put pressure on governments and companies to try and adopt more [blank_start]renewable[blank_end] energy to reduce carbon emissions. They generally target their campaigns against [blank_start]TNCs[blank_end].
- Adisadvantages
- Brenewable
- CTNCs
152When Greenpeace scaled the Arctic oil rigs to protest against Arctic oil production in 2013, how many people were arrested and for how many days were they imprisoned?
- A30 and a day.
- B30 and 30.
- C15 and 30.
153Is environmentalists' degree of influence low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
154Scientists and [blank_start]technologists[blank_end] conduct research into [blank_start]alternative[blank_end] sources of energy and improving technology to make the extraction process more [blank_start]efficient[blank_end]. They often work with [blank_start]TNCs[blank_end] to find new areas for development.
- Atechnologists
- Balternative
- Cefficient
- DTNCs
155In November 2016, how many trillion cubic metres of gas hydrates did scientists discover in the Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)?
- A1894
- B1854
- C1701
156Is scientists' degree of influence low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
157[blank_start]Resource[blank_end] based development can change the lives of [blank_start]local[blank_end] people and so they often fight it. For example, Fracking in Balcombe, [blank_start]Sussex[blank_end].
- AResource
- Blocal
- CSussex
158Is local people's degree of influence low, moderate or high?
- ALow
- BModerate
- CHigh
159Peak oil is the point in time when global production of oil will reach its minimum rate, after which production will gradually increase. e.g. UK in 1999
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
160As a country reaches its peak level, its reliance on OPEC [blank_start]increases[blank_end] and so OPEC gradually become able to [blank_start]dictate[blank_end] prices.
- Aincreases
- Bdecreases
- Cstays the same
- Ddictate
- Einfluence
- Flower
161What would a business as usual approach to energy entail?
- ANo investment in renewable energy and so cheaper.
- BBetter efficiency with less CO2 emissions.
- C55% increase in global energy related CO2 emissions by 2030.
- DIEA suggests fossil fuels will continue to dominate energy use by 2030 and China will mainly use coal.
- EOil will have to increase by 1.4 million barrels a day to meet demand.
- FCreation of 100,000s of new jobs.
- GMore extreme weather events due to global warming.
162What would a multi-energy future entail?
- AUsing a mixture of renewable, recyclable and non-renewable sources.
- BIt will help with energy security and maintaining an affordable supply.
- CIt will be reliant on one energy source which reduces security.
- DIt could in fact increase emissions as we do not know the extent of the new sources as they are not tried and tested.
- EWind, hydropower and solar energy are favoured
- FReduces CO2 due to clean energy production.
- GScientific developments are expensive but they create jobs and benefit other fields too.
- HIt will destroy far more habitats than traditional methods.
163What would a conservation future entail?
- AReduce costs and maximise profits
- BReduce harmful emissions
- CPromote energy security
- DExtends time that fossil fuels can be used
- EMore wastefulness
- FPeople being unable to access the energy they need for everyday activities e.g. washing and cleaning
- GMay inhibit the growth of developing countries as it reduces their fuel supply for industrialisation
164[blank_start]Congestion[blank_end] charge was introduced to London in 2003 and it is a fee charged between 7am-6pm on [blank_start]weekdays[blank_end], costing £11.50 a day. It is said to be too [blank_start]expensive[blank_end] for some but has improved traffic flow by 30%. Also, CO2 levels have fallen by [blank_start]20[blank_end]% since 2007 but King's College say that there is little evidence to suggest that it has improved [blank_start]air[blank_end] quality.
- ACongestion
- Bweekdays
- Cexpensive
- D20
- Eair
165Electricity meters are devices measuring the [blank_start]amount[blank_end] of electricity consumed by a residence or institution which allow us to use power resources more [blank_start]efficiently[blank_end]. It also enables [blank_start]dynamic[blank_end] pricing and helps us to optimise our income. It does cost the consumer money to establish the meter and the [blank_start]disposal[blank_end] of old meters is bad for the environment, however they do have a relatively long life span.
- Aamount
- Befficiently
- Cdynamic
- Ddisposal
166What would be the effects of increasing the cost of energy?
- APeople would be encouraged to use alternative energy sources
- BPeople would be encouraged to use public transport which leads to a more efficient service, but would cost more money
- CCost of everything increases
- DNuclear power plants would become redundant
- EMost people would no longer buy energy
- FIt would put many businesses out of business
167Carbon storage is capturing the CO2 emitted from power [blank_start]stations[blank_end] and storing it to be used again. It can take up large amounts of space so can be turned into a liquid and pumped underground to be stored for [blank_start]1000[blank_end] years to save room. However, CO2 reacts with water to form [blank_start]acid[blank_end] which could have devastating consequences for [blank_start]marine[blank_end] life. It costs [blank_start]double[blank_end] the cost of electricity.
- Astations
- B1000
- Cacid
- Dmarine
- Edouble
168Generally geothermal energy is environmentally friendly as it is [blank_start]renewable[blank_end] and does not cause much pollution. There is a worldwide potential of [blank_start]2[blank_end] terawatts which could meet energy demand much more [blank_start]effectively[blank_end] than many other renewables e.g. solar and wind. It has a small [blank_start]footprint[blank_end] as the plants can be built [blank_start]underground[blank_end] partially. However there are large upfront costs and they have been associated with [blank_start]earthquakes[blank_end] e.g. 1997 in [blank_start]Switzerland[blank_end] there was a 3.4 magnitude earthquake due to the construction of a geothermal plant.
- Arenewable
- B2
- Ceffectively
- Dfootprint
- Eunderground
- Fearthquakes
- GSwitzerland
Información
- Descripción
- A level Geography Test sobre Energy, creado por Hannah Dillon el 23/05/2017.
- Autor
- Hannah Dillon
- Idioma
- English
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