Fichas
Exchange Surfaces and Breathing
Fichas del conjunto (19)
- 1Why do organisms need special exchange surfaces?-oxygen for aerobic respiration
-glucose as a source of energy
-proteins for growth and repair
-minerals to maintain their w.p. - 2Name the features of a good exchange surface.-Large SA - provides space for molecules to pass through
-thin barrier to reduce diffusion path
-fresh supply of molecules on once side (high conc.)
-removal of required molecules on either side (low conc.) - 3Name some examples of exchange surfaces-small intestine - nutrients are absorbed
-liver - levels of sugars in the blood are adjusted
-root hairs of plants - waters and minerals are absorbed - 4How are lungs adapted for exchange?-Large SA - provides more space for molecules to pass through
-barrier permeable to O2 and CO2 - allows diffusion - 5How do lungs make a thin barrier to reduce diffusion distance?-alveolus and capillary walls are one cell thick
-walls consist of squamous cells
-capillaries are in close contact with alveolus walls
-total barrier to diffusion is only two flattened cells thick - 6Process of inhaling-diaphragm contracts to become flatter - pushes digestive organs down
-external intercostal muscles contract to raise ribs
-vol. of chest cavity increases
-pressure in chest cavity drops atmospheric pressure
-air moves into lungs - 7Process of exhaling-diaphragm relaxes - pushed up by displaces organs underneath
-external intercostal muscles relax - ribs fall
-vol. of chest cavity decreases
-pressure in lungs increase + rises above atmospheric pressure
-air moves out of lungs - 8What is the structure/function of trachea?-wide flexible tube kept open by 20 c-shaped cartilage
-acts as a pathway for gases to and from the lungs
-keeps lungs free from particles and bacteria (mucosa/submucosa) - 9What is mucosa?made up of epithelial cells w/ cilia and goblet cells
-elastin is present - plays a role in warming air - 10What is submucosa?-humidifies inspired air
-together with mucus from goblet cells - trap particles from air - 11What is the structure/function of bronchi?-trachea branches into primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi
-contains smooth muscles - controls diameter and length of bronchi
-contains mucosa and submucosa - 12What is the structure/function of bronchioles?-no cartilage and no glands
-diameter of 1mm or less and wall structure - 13What is smooth muscles?-involuntary muscles found in internal organs
-contract/relax to allow airways to be controlled
-during exercise muscles relaxes - widens airways aiding ventilation - 14What are elastic fibers?-long fibers of the protein elastic - can stretch and recoil
-stretched to allow expansion during inhalation and recoil during exhalation - 15What are C-shaped rings of caritalge?-prevents collapse of airways during inhalation
-allows flexibility during movement w/o narrowing airways
-structural support
-allows esophagus to expand during swallowing - 16What are goblet cells?-secrete mucus to trap particles
-reduces risk of infection or inflammation - 17What are ciliated epithelium?-waft mucus containing bacteria towards the throat to be swallowed
-inside the stomach acid kills the bacteria preventing infection
-cells containing numerous mitochondria - 18What is a spirometer?-consists of a chamber filled with oxygen that floats on a tank of
-subject breathes from a disposable mouthpiece attached to a tube connected to a chamber of oxygen - 19Why is soda lime used?-level of CO2 will increase
-used to absorb the CO2 exhaled
-total vol. of gas will go down carbon is removed.
-reduction is equal to the vol. of O2 used by the person breathing in/out
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- Fichas sobre Exchange Surfaces and Breathing, creado por zikra_98 el 01/01/2015.
- Creado por
- zikra_98 · ene 2015
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- 19 feb 2016
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