Fichas
English Language
Fichas del conjunto (73)
- 1SymbolAnything that represents/stands for something else. Usually something concrete such as an object, action, character, or scene that represents something more abstract.
- 2EpanalepsisRepetition of the initial word of a clause at the end of it ("Nothing can be created out of
nothing.") - 3Stream-of-consciousnessNarrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be.
- 4Figure of SpeechDevice used to produce figurative language. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.
- 5InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
- 6Third Person OmniscientThe narrator, with a Godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.
- 7Third Person Limited OmniscientThis type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters
- 8ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.
- 9BackingSupport or evidence for a claim in an argument
- 10Narrative DeviceDescribes the tools of the storyteller, such as ordering events to that they build to climatic movement or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing in creates a desired effect.
- 11DescriptionThe purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses.
- 12SyllogismFrom the Greek for "reckoning together," it's a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.
- 13JuxtapositionPlacing two things beside each other for comparison
- 14ColloquialThe use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone.
- 15CharacterThose who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the types.
- 16BalanceA situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work.
- 17PersonificationThe assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts.
- 18AntithesisThe presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. E.g "to be or not to be..."
- 19Oxymoron
A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. E.g "cruel kindness" - 20SarcasmFrom the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device.
- 21SynecdocheA figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. E.g "Uk won a gold medal" = a team from Uk won a medal
- 22HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
- 23AnaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
- 24EuphonyThe pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.
- 25MetonomyA figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. E.g. "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared
- 26ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.
- 27OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. E.g. pow!, hiss, hum.
- 28CacophonyHarsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word. E.g. "...because cause of war is always trivial"
- 29MetaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. E.g. "the light of my life", "time is a thief"
- 30Begging the QuestionOften called circular reasoning. Occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. Any form of argument where the conclusion is assumed in one of the premises. E.g. "Paranormal activity is real because I have experienced what can only be described as paranormal activity."
- 31UnderstatementThe opposite of exaggeration. A technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.
- 32Either-or reasoningWhen the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives.
- 33HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.
- 34PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.
- 35Causal RelationshipWhen a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.
- 36EquivocationWhen a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument.
- 37ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.
- 38EuphemismA more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. E.g. "passed away" instead of "died"
- 39IronyThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.
- 40SatireThe use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.
- 41AlliterationThe repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
- 42EpigraphThe use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. E.g. The Godfather = "behind every great fortune there is a crime.”
- 43Periodic SentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. E.g. "with beautiful views and a low tax rate, the city is a great place to live"
- 44NarrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.
- 45EthosAn appeal based on the character of the speaker. An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author.
- 46Situational IronyA type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.
- 47ConsonanceRepetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.
- 48PathosAn appeal based on emotion
- 49LogosAn appeal based on logic or reason
- 50Verbal IronyIn this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning
- 51AnecdoteA story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point.
- 52Abstract LanguageLanguage describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places.
- 53Ad HominemIn an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."
- 54DenotationThe literal or dictionary meaning of a word
- 55CumulativeSentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars
- 56Dramatic IronyIn this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work
- 57ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.
- 58ConnotationThe interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.
- 59RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.
- 60SyntaxThe grammatical structure of prose and poetry.
- 61AssonanceRepetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity
- 62InferTo draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.
- 63ArgumentA single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer
- 64AllusionA reference contained in a work
- 65GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.
- 66AllegoryA work that functions on a symbolic level
- 67ExplicationThe act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. Usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.
- 68ParallelismRefers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.
- 69SemanticsThe branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.
- 70Rhetorical ModesThe flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.
- 71AnalogyA literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. The comparison between two different items.
- 72Figurative LanguageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.
- 73Ethical AppealWhen a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text.
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- Fichas sobre English Language, creado por Annabelle Langmead el 08/06/2015.
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- Annabelle Langmead
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