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Intercultural Communication: Imperatives, Theories and Terms
Fichas del conjunto (133)
- 1Why is the single story important?who is telling the story, why, where does the story begin. One will flatten you, simplify you.
- 2Agrotologythe study of culturally induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of innacurate or misleading scientific data. (Fake news introduces doubt)
- 3Intersectionalitythe ways in which systems of inequality based on gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, class, intersect to create unique dynamics and effects
- 4cultural appropriationtaking the external trappings of cultural traditions and using them as decorations on your own history w/o developing mutually supporting relationships in the community youre taking from
- 5ethnocentrisma tendency to think that our own culture is superior to other cultures
- 6demographicsthe characteristics of a population, especially as classified by rarce, ethnicity, age, sex, and income
- 7rapid changes in tech and demographics mean....increased chance of coming into contact with people from other cultures
- 8heterogeneousdifferences in a group/culture/ population
- 9homogeneoussimilarities in a group, culture, population
- 10diversitythe quality of being different
- 11immigrantsreally, bro?
- 12anglocentrismUsing anglo or white cultural standards as criteria for interpretations and judgements of behaviors and attitudes
- 13melting potassimilation
- 14nativisticextermely patriotic to the point of being anti-immigrant
- 15multinational corporations0_0 i mean, maybe think about their role in globalization and colonization and global relations?
- 16global villagea term coined by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s that refers to a world in which communication tech unites people in remote areas of the world
- 17diasporic groupsethnic and/or national groups that are geographically dispersed throughout the world
- 18identity managementthe way individuals make sense of their multipple images concurring the sense of self in different social contexts
- 19cultural capitalcertain bodies of cultural knowledge and cultural competencies
- 20colonialism 1the system by which groups w/ diverse languages, cultures, religions, and identities were united to form one state, usually by a european power
- 21colonialism 2the system by which a country maintains power over other countries or groups of people to exploit them economically, politically, and culturally
- 22ethicsprinciples of conduct that help govern behaviors of individuals and groups
- 23dialogical approachfocuses on the importance of dialogue in developing and maintaining relationships between individuals and communities
- 24self-reflexivitya process of learning to understand oneself and ones position in society
- 25cultural humilitybeing aware of ones cultural limitations and taking on "other-oriented approach" in intercultural encounters
- 26self awareness imperativeincreasing understanding of our own location in larger social, political, and historical contexts
- 27the demographic imperativethe changing domestic and international migration-> raising questions of class and religious diversity
- 28the economic imperativeissues of globalization and challenges for increased cultural understanding needed toreach the global market
- 29the technological imperativegives us increasing information and increased contact with people who are similar and different. it also raises questions of identity and access to this tech
- 30the peace imperativeworking through issues of colonialism, economic disperaties, and racial/ ethnic/ religious differences
- 31the ethical imperativecalls for an understanding of the universalist, relativist, and dialougical approach to eithical issues
- 32worldviewunderlying assumptions about the nature of human behavior
- 33proxemicsthe study of how people use personal space
- 34distance zonesintimate, personal, social, and public
- 35Sapir-whorf hypothesisthe assumption that language shapes our ideas and guides our reality. represents a relativist view of language and perception
- 36intercultural competencethe ability to behaive effectively and appropriately in interacting across cultures
- 37interdiciplinaryuse ur brain
- 38paradigmdont be dumb
- 39perceptionthe process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret external and internal stimuli to create their view of the world
- 40quantitative methods, variable, qualitative methodsJesus
- 41anxiety uncertainty management theorythe view that the reduction of anxiety and uncertainty plays an important role in sucessful intercultural communication
- 42face negotiation theorythe view that cultural groups vary in preferences for conflict styles and face saving strategies
- 43conversational constraints theorythe view that cultural groups vary in their fundamental concerns regarding how conversational messages should be constructed
- 44communication accomidation theorythe view that individuals adjust their verbal communication to facilitate understanding
- 45diffusion of innovations theorythe view that communication and relationships play important roles in how new ideas are adopted (or not) by individuals and groups
- 46individualisticthe tendency to emphasize the individual identities, beliefs, needs, goals, and views rather than those of the group
- 47collectivisticthe tendency to focus on the goals, needs, and views of the in-group rather than the individuals own golas, needs, and views
- 48translation equivalencethe linguistic sameness that is gained after translating and back-translating research materials several times using different translators
- 49conceptual equivalencethe similarity of linguistic terms and meanings across cultures
- 50ethnographya discipline that examines the patterened interactions and significant symbols of specific cultural groups to identify the cultural norms that guide their behaviors, usually based on field studies
- 51participant observationGarrett
- 52rhetorical approacha research method where scholars try to interpret the meanings or persuasion used in texts or oral discourses in the contexts they occurr in
- 53eticthe etic inquiry searches for universal generations across cultures from a distance
- 54emicthis inquiry focuses on understanding communication patters from inside a particular cultural community or context
- 55afrocentricityan orientation toward African or african American cultural standards, including beliefs and values, as the criteria for interpreting behaviors and attitudes
- 56macro contextsthe political, social, and historical situations/ backgrounds/ environments that influence communication
- 57post colonialisman intellectual, political, and cultural movement that calls for the independence of colonized states and also the liberation from colonist ways of thinking
- 58hybrid identityan identity that is consciously a mixture of different cultural identities and cultural traditions
- 59social reproductionthe process of perpetuating cultural patterns
- 60dialectical approachan approach to intercultural communication that integrates the 3 approaches in understanding culture and comm.
- 61processualrefers to how interaction happens rather than the outcome
- 62dialectic 1a method of logic based on the principle that an idea generates its opposite leading to a reconcilliation of opposites
- 63dialectic 2the complex and paradoxical relationship between 2 opposite equalities or entities, each of which may also be referred to as a dialectic
- 64dialectic examplescultural-individual, personal-contextual, differences-similarities, static-dynamic, history-present/future, privilege- disadvantage
- 65functionalist/ social science approachthere is a describable, external reality. human behaviors= predictable. culture is a variable that can be measured. this approach aims to identify and explain cultural variations in comm. and to predict future comm.
- 66interpretivist approachhuman experience is subjective. human behavior is creative rather than determines or easily predicted. culture is created and maintained through communication
- 67critical approacha meta theoretical appraoch that includes many assumptions of the interpretive approach but that focuses more on macrocontexts, such as the political and social structures that influence communication
- 68clearned patters of behavior and attitudes shared by a group of people
- 69ethnography of communicationanalyze verbal and nonverbal activities that have symbol significance for the members of the community to understand the rules and patterns followed by the groups
- 70symbolic significancedont be stupid
- 71embodied ethnocentrismfeeling comfortable and familiar in the spaces, behaviors, and actions of others in our own cultural surroundings
- 72communicationa symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transformed
- 73cultural valuesthe worldview. the relationships between humans and nature, humans and humans, preferred activity, orientation to time
- 74hofstede value orientationssocieties' power distance, femininity/masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term/ short term, and indulgence/ restraint orientations
- 75power distancea cultural variability dimension that concerns the extent to which people accept unequal distributions of power
- 76masculinity-femininity valuea cultural variability dimension that concerns the degree of being feminine (valuing fluid gender roles/ quality of life, service, relationships, and interdependence) and the degree of being masculine (emphasizing distinctive gender roles, ambition, materialism, and independence
- 77uncertainty avoidancea cultural variability dimension that concerns the extent to which ambiguity, and devient ideas/ behaviors = avoided
- 78long term/ short term orientationa culteral variability dimension that reflects a cultural group orientation toward virtue or truth. the long term emphasizes virtue, whereas the short term emphasizes truth
- 79indulgence vs restrainta cultural variability dimenstion that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness. the indulgence orientation emphasizes relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. restraint emphasizes suppressing gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms
- 80auto ethnographyresearch method where writers examine their own life experiences to discover broader cultural insights
- 81the relationship between power and communicationculture influences communication and is enacted and reinforced through communication. communication may also be a way of contesting and resisting the dominant culture.
- 82context influences communicationthe physical (or virtual) and social setting in which communication occurs or the larger political, social, and historical environment
- 83a thing to rememberconservatives can be wealthy, but still put others down
- 84what do people hear when you speak?does the language that im using prevent me from moving forward with my objective of peace? if you dont practice our values when theyre challenged, theyre not values but hobbies
- 85issuse of criteriawho is the greatest basketball player? how do you decide that?
- 86collectivism vs individualismwe vs I
- 87dimensions of organizational culturesprocess orienting vs results. job vs employee. professional vs parochial
- 88Societal vs organizational cultures examples(youth, nationality, gender) vs (jobs and universities)
- 89high context vs low context societiesneed lower levels of communication to understand a context vs higher levels.
- 90southern strategyabstraction of racism- take away my healthcare so that black people cant have it either
- 91the hofstede model also assumes that inequality is endorsed by followers as much as it is by leadersyuh
- 92CQthe capability to function effectively in a variety of cultural contexts
- 93CQ drivethe motivation to learn about other cultures
- 94CQ knowledgean understanding of some of the general cultural differences you may face
- 95cq strategyexamines how you make sense of difficult confrontations and learn from them
- 96cq actioninvolves behavioral flexibility - whether you are able to adopt your conduct
- 97fixed vs growth mindset of cqdegree of being able to perservier through hardship and grow from interactions
- 98axe modelgiving all the sons axes meets production quotas, but undermines community structures. who benefits? think poverty inc.
- 99when vaccines came outinfo where it's accessible depended on outreach approaches
- 100absolute mobilitymoving up a ladder, but those who started at the top stay at top and those at bottom stay at bottom
- 101relative mobilitymoving up and down the ladder freely
- 102can you experience upward absolute, but not relative?yes
- 103factors that contribute to american issue of sticky mobilityinequality (20% hold wealth), govt spending, education, geography
- 104social capitalrelationships of people who make up a society (social capital-> better economic mobility)
- 105how to measure social capital?strong familial support systems, community service organization-> better economic mobility
- 106geography and social mobilitycity structure, jobs, "self-reinforcing cycle."
- 107redliningbanks determining loans based on communities
- 108historiespolitical histories, social histories, abscent histories, intellectual histories, altered histories, family histories, national histories, cultural-group histories. histories define who we are
- 109nonmainstream historiesethnic, gender, sexual orientation, colonial, diasporic, racial, socioeconomic, class, religious
- 110antecedents of contactidk maybe google it
- 111our avvowal identity vs others ascription of usconflict may arise
- 112universial aspects of identityindividual familial spiritual
- 113static vs dynamic identitiesyuh
- 114minority identity developmentunexamined identity, contenterity, resistance, separatism, integration
- 115majorityunexamined identity, acceptance, resistance, redefinition, integration
- 116pre- encounter stage (minority)limited conscience of self as the "other"
- 117encounter (minority)impact of categorization is felt
- 118immersion (minority)begins the search for a positive identity concept
- 119internalization (minority)possesses a positive sense of identity
- 120internalization commitment (minority)ongoing actions express a concern for one's group
- 121pre contact (white)normal - no particular culture or ethnicity, sees self as a person of good will
- 122disintegrationbecomes aware of racisms impact on ones own and others lives
- 123reintegrationfeelings of tension and guilt may be derived by blaming the victim and reasserting the myths of ragged individualism
- 124pseudo independentunderstands cognitively the problem of white privilege, but unsure of what to do about it
- 125immersioin (white)begin the search for ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Identify w/ whites who historically allied themselves w people of color in combating racism. develops relationships for support and processing
- 126autonomy (white)has developed a positive identity based in reality (vs a culturally based presumed superiority) embraces anti-racism.
- 127personal identity (biracial people)sense of self unrelated to ethnic graphing; ocurrs during childhood
- 128choice of group (biracial people)as a result of multiple factors, individuals feel pressured to choose one racial/ ethnic group over another
- 129categorization (biracial people)choices influenced by status of the group, parental influence, cultural knowledge, appearance
- 130enmeshment/ denial and guilt (biracial people)confusion about choosing an identity that isn't fully expressive of all their cultural influences; denial of differences between the racial groupings; possible explorations of the identities that were not chosen.
- 131appreciation (biracial people)respect of multiple identities
- 132integration (biracial people)sense of wholeness, integrating multiple identities
- 133equality vs equitybaseball example
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- Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Maria Mager el 03/03/2024.
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