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Judges and civil liberties - Definitions
Fichas del conjunto (13)
- 1Judiciary:The branch of government that is responsible for deciding legal disputes and which presides over the court system.
- 2Common law:Law that is based on long-standing custom and traditions; common law is used mainly in the UK and its former colonies.
- 3Mandatory sentences:Sentences that are laid down in legislation, and so remove discretion over sentences from judges.
- 4Judicial independence:The principle that the actions and decisions of judges should not be influenced by pressure from other branches of government.
- 5Judicial activism:The willingness of judges to arbitrate in political disputes, as opposed to merely declaring the 'letter of the law'.
- 6Neutrality:The absence of any form of partisanship or commitment; a refusal to 'take sides'.
- 7Civil liberties:A range of rights and freedoms that belong to the citizen and mark out a 'private' realm which government should leave alone.
- 8International law:The rules that define the behaviour of, and relationship between, states; the UN is the main source of international law.
- 9Ombudsman:A public officer appointed to safeguard citizens' rights and investigate allegations of maladministration; the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, set up in 1967, acts as the 'parliamentary ombudsman'.
- 10Judicial review:The power of the judiciary to 'review' and possibly overturn laws, decrees and actions of other branches of government and public bodies.
- 11Delegated legislation:Laws that allow other bodies to act with Parliaments' legal authority; secondary or enabling legislation.
- 12Ultra vires:Literally, 'beyond the power'; this applies when public servants have acted illegally because their actions have no statutory authority.
- 13Authoritarianism:The practice of rule 'from above'; government that is imposed on citizens regardless of their consent.
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- (Govt & Politics: UK) Politics Fichas sobre Judges and civil liberties - Definitions, creado por clm3496 el 12/04/2013.
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