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Neurochemistry - alzheimer

Johanna Brinkmann Psychologie Master Alemán 9 fichas

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1What is the most common form of dementia? When was it first described?Alzheimer's disease; 1906
2Examples for mild, moderate and severe stages of AlzheimerMild: Memory loss, language problems
Moderate: Behavior & personality, learning
Severe: Gait changes, incontinence, bedridden
3What is the most accurate method to confirm Alzheimer?Histologically post-mortem
4How is Alzheimer diagnosed?Patient history, information from relatives, clinical observations;
Check for alternative conditions: CT, MRT, SPECT, PET
5What are plaques?(Amyloid / Diffuse Aß) plaques (=AßPs): mostly insoluble deposits of amyloid beta peptides outside neurons.
Normally broken down in healthy body.
6What are tangles?(Neurofibrillary) tangles (or neuritic plaques=NPs): insoluble twisted fibers of the protein tau inside the cells. Destroys structure of cell's cytoskeleton.
Tau normally is a reinforcing part of the microtubuli.
7What is destroyed in Alzheimer and where?Neurons & synapses in temporal lobe, parietal lobe and parts of frontal cortex and gyrus cinguli. (-> atrophy of these regions)
8In Alzheimer, acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain degenerate - what are typical cell populations in young, elderly and AD people?Young: 400,000 to 475,000
Elderly: less than half (140,000)
AD: 45,000 to 100,000
9What medications are currently used to treat the coginitive problems of AD?Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. tacrine)
NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine).
No effects could be clearly shown!