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Description
Flashcards by kristen.pecarski, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kristen.pecarski
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Behaviourism | how society, people, or culture influence or promote a certain trait or behaviour |
| Anarchists | State of disorder because there is no government. |
| Alienation | the state or experience of being isolated from a group or an activity |
| Learning Theory | an attempt to describe how people learn. Helping us understand the complex process of learning. People dictate norms, we learn from others and society. |
| Technosis | Fear of technology |
| Luddite | person opposed to the increase of technology |
| Symbolic Interactionism | individual mental process; how we see ourselves through the lens of society |
| Anomies | Durkheim's term for the condition of industrial workers who seemed to be without roots or norms as they struggle to survive. |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | the ID the ego and the super ego |
| Classification of Cultures | Shared qualities of different cultures |
| Restorative Justice | A relatively new approach to prevent continued deviance. Offender participates in discussion groups and is conditioned to not deviate again |
| Factors for Social Change | Factors that encourage society to change it’s norms |
| Marshall McLuhan | “Any technology or medium is the extension of some human quality” Technology expands human existence (language is an extension of human, thought = writing etc) |
| Structuralism | examines human cognition, behaviour, culture, experience. Looks at system and patterns of human behaviour. |
| Enculturation | Process by which members of a culture learn and internalize shared ideas, values, and beliefs, usually from another culture/country |
| Functionalism | An ideology based on the belief that society is a logical institution that functions in the best interests of the majority |
| norms | societies social construct of rules |
| Inclusionism | The study of factors leading an individual to be included or alienated from society |
| Future Shock | State of distress due to technological change (captain america) |
| Feminist Theory | The theory of equality for all genders from a female perspective |
| Participant Observation | Anthropologist who participate in the culture to study it |
| Cultural Materialism | The school of thought asking how population and economic factors influence the type of culture that develops and what are the laws of development that apply to all cultures. |
| Ethnocentrism | The learned belief that your own culture is superior to others (judging another culture according to your own cultural values). |
| Structural Functionalism | sociological theory that attempts to explain why society functions the way it does by focusing on the relationships between the various social institutions |
| Ethnography | the study of the customs of individual peoples and cultures. |
| Sphere of Influence | a country or area that has influence over a culture and has power to make developments although it has no formal authority |
| Invention | Combining elements and materials to form new ones |
| Discovery | Discovering a new way of viewing reality and discovering and timing initiate social change |
| Diffusion | spread of a discovery and acceptance of discovery |
| development | progress of social or institutional aspects of a culture |
| trade challenges | the challenges in trading due to social, political, and economic conditions |
| war bride | Foreign women marrying western soldiers |
| exploitation | Treating someone unfairly to benefit from their work |
| population pyramid | vertical bar graph divided by sex showing age of members of a particular society |
| Horticulture, Domestication | taming of plants and animal for use of human advancement |
| suburbia | created to compromise between rural and urban living to raise a family |
| Food Security | The long term availability and abundance of food. eg: Access to vegetables in Nunavut |
| counter culture | a sub-culture that has opposing values to those of the culture that would be considered “mainstream” |
| Morbidity | The rate of sickness or disease in a population |
| political activism | consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental change |
| Communism | An ideology focused on sharing resources equally |
| birth control pill | a pill that controls your ability to conceive |
| Cohort | People within the same age group on a population pyramid example: 20-25 age group is a Cohort |
| life expectancy | how long you are expected to survive in this cruel dark world |
| Baby Boomer | The disproportionately large generation born after the Second World War who were teenagers and young adults during the 60’s |
| fertility | the condition, quality, or degree of being fertile |
| fecundity | the ability to reproduce |
| fertile | able to concieve |
| Generation X | Generation after baby boomers, earl 1960s to mid 70s |
| birth rate | The average number of birth per 1000 people (both sexes, all ages) in a country during a particular year |
| Fertility Rate | The actual number of children had by women |
| natural increase/decrease | decrease: in demography a negative population balance where countries death rate exceeds its birth rate increase: ...birth rate exceeds its death rate. |
| Global Village | McLuhan’s principle that the world is a single community |
| Richard Robertson- Relativization | belief that relationship between self and society is vital to our identity. As the world system changes the outlooks of both our society and ourselves change as wel |
| Neo-Marxism | A theory that sees globalization as a negative force because capitalism places humans in direct competition with each other |
| Financial security | where a person has enough money to sustain themselves on a day to day basis, and even in financial crisis |
| Paradigm (environment and Dominant) | A group of ideas of how something should be done, made, or thought of |
| Anthony Giddens- Disembedding | A term describing the process by which people put their faith in abstract, largely anonymous systems such as financial institutions, airplane companies, and web browsers |
| Tension and adaptation | The structural functionalists belief that social change results from a process of tension between one aspect of society and the rest |
| Deterritorialization | the observation that distinct cultures are no longer firmly attached, in relative isolation, to specific regions of the world |
| Globalization | The coming together of regional, national, and continental organizations to integrate the entire world into one economic system |
| Conflict Theory | Karl Marx. Conflict exists in groups because of inequalities in power (wealth) |
| Strain Theory | When someone cannot achieve a goal through institutional means, they may experience frustration and perform deviant acts to attain the desired goal |
| labelling theory | Two people perform an action, only one is labeled deviant |
| Acculturation | The adoption of cultural practices of one culture by another |
| Differential Association Theory | Others influence your deviance |
| Accumulation Model | The school of thought saying that human knowledge is acquired through accumulation where generations teach younger generations and develop new ways of doing things |
| Control Theory | You perform deviant acts if you feel closer to the deviating group than with the rest of society |
| Martin Albrow | Invented the theory that globalization is a recent phenomenon that came from the collapse of Soviet communism in 1990 and the concentration of global capital |
| Millennials | Generation Z, those born from 1990-1999. Tech-savvy but not tech experts |
| Changes in Agriculture/land use | Tools and methods used to increase crop yield |
| development | the advancement or regression of an aspect of society (Economy, culture, health care etc) |
| Cultural Lag | the view that while some members of society adapt to technological innovation, others lag behind the new discovery |
| Secondary Deviance | acts leading to the perpetrator being seen as deviant person and living according to this deviant identity |
| Technostress | a reliance on technology that results in tremendous anxiety when the technology in not functioning properly |
| Echo/Generation Y | a term used for a group born between 1980-1995, most of them the children of parents born during the baby boom |
| Primary Deviance | deviation by someone who is seen as a conformist |
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