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| Question | Answer |
| Promiscuity | -no bonding -associations among females and males don't go beyond copulation [invertebrates, mating swarms] |
| Monogamy | one male mates and remains associated with one female [birds and mammals] |
| Polygamy | one member of one sea mates and remains associated with more than one member of opposite sex |
| Polygyny | one male mates and remains associated with more than one female |
| Resource Polygyny | males set up territories in which he allows females to live in and use resources, but excludes males |
| Female Defense Polygyny | male follows females around as they forage and drive off other males from vicinity |
| Lek | area where males assemble and stake out small individual territories, then female comes in and choose mates |
| Polyandry | one female mates and remains associated with more than one male |
| Resource Defense Polyandry | females set up large territories where males can live in and use resources but other females can't |
| Sexual Selection Two Components: | defined by Darwin to explain evolution of traits which may decrease and individuals chance of survival, but increase ability to get mates 1. competition among members of same sesx (traditional) 2. mate choice by member of opposite sex (recent) |
| Courtship Functions: | -period of ritualized behavioral patterns before mating 1. species recognition 2. female choice |
| Sexual Dimorphism in polygyny polyandry promiscuity | -sexes have different morphological traits -males larger and showier -females larger and showier -males and females about the same |
| Parental Care polygyny monogamy | -invest time and energy towards offspring -polygyny: higher in females -monogamy: both male and female |
| Environmental Potential for Polygamy | polygamy will occur when multiple mates, or resources gaining mates are defensible -high when mates or resources are moderately clumped in space |
| Case Study Redwing Blackbirds in Marshes | -clumped resources in which males defend one territory and allow females -if resources were uniform, females could spread out and males could defend a large area for many females |
| Case Study of two Dragonfly species | -white tall and widow skimmer -in both species, females forage over large area, but always go to edge of pond to mate -whitetail are leks -widow are promiscuous |
| Case Study Antelope: dik dik and impalas | chart |
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