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| Question | Answer |
| How can virtues be instilled? | Taught and practised |
| Who talks about horizontal and vertical loyalty? | John Kleinig |
| What does WHO warn is a problem with instilling virtues in the military? | Patrick Mileham - Has to be morally persuasive. Education by punishment ineffective |
| What does WHO warn is the problem with the military using group cohesion to foster physical courage? | Peter Olsthoorn - group cohesion can undermine moral courage and integrity |
| What three factors does Per Sandin say a virtue has? | Beneficial to the agent and to moral patients, engages the will and is thus not a skill, is corrective |
| What does WHO warn is a problem with WHAT virtue? | Stephen Coleman - Friction between loyalty to cause, what is right, and group |
| What does 'lying in the mean' mean? | Taking the middle ground between vices |
| What five factors assist the development of practical wisdom? | Education, training, advice from others, learning from examples, constant practice |
| What does David Fisher think about Practical Wisdom? | Most important virtue |
| HOW does WHO describe practical wisdom? | Peter Geach - a habit of sound judgement about practical situations |
| What is David Fisher's definition of virtues? | Virtue is a character trait that manifests itself in choosing the right action – the action that will better promote the welfare of those affected or prevent harm than available alternatives – determined by a rational principle that the person of practical wisdom would apply |
| Why are the virtues useful for the military? | Key to mitigate risks of fog of war, temp, and confusion |
| What are the four cardinal virtues? | Justice, practical wisdom, courage, self-control |
| What does Fisher say that practical wisdom is useful for? | Apply Just War principles |
| What two facets can courage be broken down into? | Moral courage and physical courage |
| How can we define courage? | Learning how to deal with fear without letting it cloud your judgement |
| What two reasons could the military require Self-Control for? | Maintain physical fitness, control urge for revenge in combat (Strategic corporal) |
| What's the first example of the abuse of virtues? | German Reserve Police Battalion 101 - July 1942 |
| Who wrote about reserve police battalion 101? | Christopher Browning |
| How many of the RPB carried out the order? | 85% |
| Which virtues were misused with the GRPB case? | Obedience and loyalty |
| What is the second incident reference the misuse of virtues? | Basra 14 Sep 2003 - death of Baha Mousa |
| Which report on Baha Mousa blamed a lack of virtues? | Aitken report - loyalty to colleagues over integrity |
| What did the Gage Report say reference virtues and Baha Mousa? | Lack of discipline and moral courage to report abuse |
| What does Sir John Hackett say virtues are for the profession of arms? | Functionally indispensable |
| What does Sir John Hackett say virtues contribute to? | Military efficiency |
| What is the Aristotle definition of virtues? | Virtue is a character trait that manifests itself in choice, lying in a mean that is relative to us, this being determined by a rational principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it |
| What is a character trait? | Effects how people act - ability to chose right from wrong |
| How do people gain character traits? | Built over years of development |
| Who discusses habits? | James Williams - people become 'walking bundles of habits' |
| What do virtuous conduct depend on? | On the reasons from which they spring - the desires and beliefs of the agent |
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