11039864
Description
Flashcards by Becky Green, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Becky Green
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
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SKIN AND DERMAL GLANDS (ANIMAL NURSING)
Image:
Skin (binary/octet-stream)
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Skin is composed of three layers: (1)Epidermis (2)Dermis (3)Hypodermis |
| (1) EPIDERMIS - GENERAL INFORMATION | - Made out of the stratified squamous epithelial tissue. - Cells are constantly made to replace lost/damaged cells. - No blood supply - Get nutrients from the (2) Dermis |
| There are four layers of (1) Epidermis: (1.1) Stratum basale (1.2) Stratum granulosum (1.3) Stratum lucidum (1.4) Stratum Corneum | |
| (1.1) STRATUM BASALE | - - Consist of epithelial cells which divide by mitosis; these are pushed to the surface by the new production of cells - Contains melanocytes: granules of melanin (gives skin and hair colour) |
| (1.2) STRATUM GRANULOSUM | - Cells are oval shaped - Keratinisation begins in this layer (production of the protein keratin) - Keratin provides extra protection in areas that wear often |
| (1.3) STRATUM LUCIDUM | - Cells lose their nuclei and become clear |
| (1.4) STRATUM CORNEUM | - Most superficial layer - The cells have no nuclei and are dead - 100% keratinised and flattened - Cells called squames, slough of the surface |
| (2) DERMIS | - Dense connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers - loads of blood vessels, nerves, and sensory nerve endings - hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and involuntary muscles are found here |
| (3) HYPERDERMIS | - (Not part of skin) part of the loose connective tissue and fat underneath (2) Dermis - Elastic fibers give it flexibility - Allows the muscles and bones to move without pulling the skin - Subcutaneous injections are given here |
| SKIN GLANDS | - Found in (2) Dermis - Secretes onto the skin (exocrine gland) |
| SEBACEOUS GLANDS | - Opens at the base of a hair follicle - Produces sebum (waterproofs the coat and acts as an antiseptic on the skin - used for communication between species AKA pheromones |
| MODIFIED SEBACEOUS GLANDS | (1) Base of tail= individual recognition and communication (2) Circumanal (anus) = ^^^ (3) Circumoral (mouth)= marking territory (4) Cerminous (external ear canal)= secretes cerumen (ear wax)= prevents dust and foreign bodies (5) Meibomian (tear ducts)= moistens and protects the eye (6) Sudiferous (sweat) -control temperature (7) mammary glands= secretes milk |
| MODIFIED EPIDERMAL STRUCTURES- (1)The nose pad | (1) Nose pad: - Thick, hairless skin that surrounds the nostrils. |
| MODIFIED EPIDERMAL STRUCTURES- (2) The foot pad | (2) The foot pads: -Thick, keratinised, hairless epithelium - The surface of the foot pad is covered in conical papillae to provide traction - The dermis contains fatty vascular tissue to form digital cushion (acting as a shock absorber) |
| MODIFIED EPIDERMAL STRUCTURES - (3) The claws | (3) The claws: - Composed of modified keratin epidermis called horn - Protects the bones and provides grip |
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