Biology 30 Flash Cards {3}

Question	Answer
Population	A group of the same species living in the same place at the same time. They can successfully reproduce with each other.
Communities	All of the populations of all organisms in a certain place. Only include biotic factors.
Quantitive Measurements	Are similar to snapshots in time that help decide how populations can change.
Population Characteristics	Density and distribution are characteristics of a population.
Density	The number of organisms in a given area or volume.
Distribution	Three patterns include uniform, random, and clumped.
Uniform Distribution	Is when individuals are equally spaced within an area—seen with orchards or experiments.
Random Distribution	When individuals are spaced randomly within an area, rare in nature but seen with organisms like dandelions that do not require a lot of resources to survive.
Clumped Distribution	When individuals are clumped in certain areas, usually around resources like water. Commonly seen in nature.
Population Growth	Is determined by the amount of births and immigration as well as deaths and emigration.
Per Capita Growth Rate	The rate of growth in a population.
Open populations	When all four factors (birth, immigration, death, and emigration) are in effect within a population.
Closed Populations	When organisms are prevented from entering or leaving, so the population changes are due to births and deaths only.
Biotic Potential	The highest possible per capita growth rate possible given unlimited resources and ideal conditions.
Factors of Biotic Potential	1. The number of offspring per reproductive cycle 2. The number of offspring that survive long enough to reproduce 3. The age of reproductive maturity 4. The number of times an individual reproduces 5. The life span of the individuals
Carrying Capacity	The amount of population growth that the environment can sustain.
Factors that limit Biotic Potential	Density dependant factors and density independant factors.
Density Dependant Factors	Biotic factors that can change their impact based on different patterns of populations. For example, the amount of predators is a biotic factor that depends on the density of the population.
Density Independant Factors	Abiotic factors that have an unchangeable impact on the population and is therefore to dependent on its patterns. For example, a volcanic eruption will destroy the environment whether or not a population will be affected.
R-Selected Strategies	The continuum composed of two sides: the r strategists and the k strategists.
R Strategists	Produce as quickly as possible and are usually very small—usually similar to bacteria or insects. They take advantage of favourable conditions.
K Strategists	Have fewer offspring during a long period of time and look after their young. They are larger organisms like mammals.
Stable Equilibrium	A population that is basically at its carrying capacity with minor fluctuations.
Environmental Resistance	A combination of factors that limit the biotic potential of a population.
Infraspecific Competition	Competition between members of the same population. Survival of the fittest.
Interspecific Competition	When one species is competing with another for a resource.
Predation	The consuming of prey by a predator that is usually larger than its victim.
Responses to Predation	1. Camouflage 2. Production of Toxins 3. Mimicry
Symbiosis	The relationships between two individuals that are different species. Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
Commensalism	When one organism benefits and the other is not affected.
Mutualism	When both organisms benefit from the relationship.
Parasitism	When one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Usually are smaller than their prey.
Natural Selection	The process of selecting individuals who have traits better suited to help them survive in their environment.
Gene Pool	All the different alleles in a population.
Allele Frequency	How often an allele appears in a gene pool. Always expressed as a decimal.
Population Equilibrium	When the allele frequency stays relatively stable over time.
Population Evolution	When the allele frequency changes rapidly over time.
Phenotype Frequency	The portion of the population with a particular phenotype
Genotype Frequency	The portion of the population with a particular genotype.
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle	Allele frequencies will remain the same on five conditions: there is a large population, there is random mating, there are no mutations, there is no migration, and there is no selective advantage.
Factors that change gene pools	1. Mutations 2. Gene Flow 3. Non Random Mating 4. Genetic Drift 5. Founder Effect 6. Bottleneck Effect 7. Natural Selection

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Biology 30 Flash Cards {3}

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	Created by Natasha Gidluck over 6 years ago