11196736
Description
Flashcards by Jennifer Morrison, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Jennifer Morrison
over 6 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| Monocots differ from eudicots in that monocots have | leaf veins that are parallel. |
| The fibers that get stuck between your teeth when you eat celery are | collenchyma. |
| What is the value of photosynthesis to humans? | It will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
| The reservoir for hydrogen ions for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis during photosynthesis is the | thylakoid space. |
| In the Calvin cycle, the three-carbon molecule that will be immediately formed after carbon dioxide fixation occurs is | 3PG. |
| What will cycle the energized electrons from the reaction center of PS I back to the reaction center in PS I? | cyclic electron pathway |
| Why are plant leaves green? | They reflect green wavelengths of light. |
| We set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur? | green |
| What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis? | light reactions, Calvin cycle reactions |
| Which is NOT a correct association? gladiolus-bulb onion-bulb iris-rhizome strawberry-stolon potato-tuber | gladiolus-bulb |
| For water transport to occur there must be | a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves. |
| Wood is composed of | secondary xylem. |
| One of the products of the Calvin cycle is | G3P. |
| To what does the term grana refer? | a stack of thylakoid membrane structures |
| What is the correct sequence of zones in a longitudinal section of a root, starting from the bottom? | zone of cell division → zone of elongation → zone of maturation |
| The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply of | carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP. |
| An aphid is an insect that has mouthparts to sip plant sap. When placed on an herbaceous stem, it soon has its mouthparts embedded and is withdrawing plant sap. Sometimes so much plant sap is taken that it cannot use all of it and the aphid secretes droplets of the sugar to attract ants that in turn protect and care for the aphids. What layer of cells has the aphid's mouthparts tapped? | phloem |
| A plant with small leaves and sunken stomata is most likely to be found in a | desert. |
| The specialized tissue in a root that functions in food storage is the | cortex. |
| A 15-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of 5 feet. Years later, the tree is 30 feet high. The barbed wire of the fence is embedded in the tree bark at | 5 feet high, since the lengthening of the trunk occurs at the apical meristem. |
| Photosynthesis shows higher activity for violet/blue and orange/red and a lower absorption for green/yellow. If we could create a different photosynthetic pigment that absorbed absolutely all visible wavelengths of light, the leaves would appear which color? | black |
| Root hairs are found in which area of the root? | zone of maturation |
| The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are called | thylakoids. |
| What are the products of photosynthesis? | oxygen and carbohydrate |
| How many membranes does a chloroplast have? | three |
| Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues. What are these roots called? | haustoria |
| The stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a stem is a(n) | petiole. |
| Which statement about leaves is NOT correct? -Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomata. -Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells. -The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss. -The photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer. -Vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in eudicots and a parallel pattern in monocots. | The photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer. |
| Which structure is directly associated with the terminal bud? | shoot tip |
| Which stem modifications are underground, thin, papery leaves and have a thick stem that lie dormant during the winter? | corms |
| Water is split and oxygen is released in | the noncyclic electron pathway. |
| Considering that leaf stomata have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant's supply of water, which of the following is not reasonable | Leaves of plants in dry areas will have more stomata than leaves of plants in humid areas. |
| The waxy material known as the Casparian strip is found on | endodermal cells. |
| Most major food plants such as wheat, oats, and rice are in the group of | C3 plants. |
| While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots? | The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division. |
| Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the | phloem. |
| The formation of carbohydrate occurs within the | stroma. |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about wood? -In the temperate regions, wood forms annual rings. -Heartwood transports water to the leaves throughout the life of the tree. -In large trees, the most recently formed layer of cells transports water. -The wood produced in the summer will have a lower proportion of vessels than wood produced in the spring. -The vessels will be larger in size in the spring due to more moisture. | Heartwood transports water to the leaves throughout the life of the tree. |
| The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists of | the pigment complex. |
| Which statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, while cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts. Photosynthesis produces water, while cellular respiration uses water. Photosynthesis requires oxygen, while cellular respiration requires sunlight. Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen. Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates, while cellular respiration produces carbohydrates. | Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen. |
| The reason that deciduous leaves turn bright colors of red and yellow in the fall is | when chlorophyll breaks down, the remaining pigments other than green will show through. |
| Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions? | ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur. |
| Entrance of minerals into the vascular cylinder of a root are regulated by the | endodermis tissues. |
| What pathway moves the electrons from water through PS II to PS I and then on to NADP+? | noncyclic electron pathway |
| Which of the following statements is false? | During photosynthesis, oxygen is used. |
| Most of the water obtained by a plant enters through the | root hairs. |
| An early experiment by Van Helmont (1600s) describes how he grew a tree in a large pot and found that after five years, the amount of soil in the pot had not changed. He concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water. At that time, the compounds of the air had not yet been identified. Today, it is known that he only discovered half the story. Which of these experiments would NOT provide evidence that materials from a source other than water were involved in photosynthesis? | After adding radioactive water with labeled oxygen to a plant, radioactive oxygen is given off. |
| Which cofactor is involved in the Calvin cycle reactions? | NADP+ |
| NADPH and ATP are used in the | Calvin cycle reactions. |
| What are the stages of the Calvin cycle? | carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP |
| Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then | vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface. |
| The two isotopes shown below differ in the number of | neutrons |
| The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on | the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell. |
| The failure of which organelle during development can result in a child being born with webbed toes? | lysosomes |
| A long chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached, ending in the acidic group -COOH would be a(n) | fatty acid |
| Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production. | enzymes/energy |
| The ____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells. | vacuole |
| 0.2/0.2 points awarded Item Scored Item 8 Item 8 0.2 of 0.2 points awarded Item Scored One carbon atom can form covelant bonds with up to ___ other atoms to form an organic molecule. | 4 |
| During photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented by | solar energy + carbon dioxide + water → carbohydrate + oxygen |
| Two molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction. | dehydration |
| Microtubules | form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner. |
| Which of the following is not a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding? | Ice melts at -100°C. |
| The _____ structure of a protein consists of the sequence of the amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. | primary |
| Which of the following radiation uses is the one that is most likely to have both beneficial and harmful consequences? | using radiation to treat a cancer patient |
| When an ionic bond forms, electrons are | transferred from one atom to another. |
| Enzymes are organic compounds classified as | proteins. |
| In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would be | the capsule. |
| Which of the following molecules is inorganic? C6H6 C12H22O12 CH4 C6H12O6 CO2 | CO2 |
| In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for | photosynthesis. |
| Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is incorrect? | Hydrogen bonding occurs only between water molecules. |
| Determine which of the following components are required for a molecule to be classified as organic. | presence of carbon, hydrogen, four electrons in the outer orbital, and the attachment of a functional group |
| The "powerhouse" of the cell is the | mitochondria. |
| Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell? | Golgi apparatus |
| If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle? | the outer mitochondrial membrane |
| When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole, | its contents are digested. |
| In the search to discover the agents that cause mad cow disease, scrapie in sheep, and CJD and kuru in humans, diseased brain tissues were passed through a fine filter to remove bacteria. The filtrate was still infectious, indicating that something smaller than bacteria, either viruses or organic molecules, must be the causative agent. If a virus was responsible for these brain diseases, then the infectious agent would contain either RNA or DNA. Other possibilities were that the agent was a carbohydrate, fat, or protein. Tissue filtrates were treated with agents that destroyed just one of these chemicals and then injected into a healthy animal, with the results as follows. What is the infectious agent? •Amylase digests carbohydrates; tissue filtrate still infects healthy test animal. •Lipase digests fats; tissue filtrate still infects healthy test animal. •Formaldehyde and/or heat denatures DNA and RNA; tissue filtrate still infects healthy test animal. •Trypsin digests protein; tissue filtrate does not infect healthy test animal. | protein |
| According to cell theory | new cells arise only from preexisting cells. |
| Hydrogen bonding produces which of the following properties of water? | Water is less dense as ice than as liquid water. |
| If an element has an atomic number of 12, how many electrons are in its outermost shell? | 2 |
| When viewed through a microscope, one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move. What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see? | mitochondria and cytoskeleton |
| Cellular respiration is best associated with the | mitochondrion. |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true of chemical bonds? | Salts are covalently bonded. |
| Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell | lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. |
| What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER? | Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER. |
| Ribosomes are composed of | RNA and protein. |
| Rain falling in the northeastern U.S. has a pH between 5.0 and 4.0. Normally, rainwater has a pH of about 5.6. Which of the following statements is not correct? | The pH of the rainwater has changed from neutral to acidic. |
| The motor molecules associated with actin filaments are called | myosin. |
| Which statement regarding acids and bases is correct? | Acids increase the proportion of hydrogen ions (H+), and bases reduce the proportion of H+. |
| Which of the following molecules is NOT a compound? H20 NaOH C6H1206 H2 HCI | H2 |
| Which of the following sequences correctly lists the bonds in order of strongest to weakest? | double covalent - single covalent - ionic - hydrogen |
| Which type of lipid molecule is characterized by a backbone of four fused rings? | steroid |
| Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell? | plasma membrane |
| Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both | need ATP for energy. |
| An ion is an atom that | has a net charge. |
| The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have? | Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes. |
| Which organelle has a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules? | centriole |
| Isotopes of a given element have | the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass. |
| Which of the following would not be a function of the peroxisomes? | store toxic materials in the cell |
| Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the | rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Which of the following is not a function of ATP within the cell? conduction of nerve impulses energy currency of the cell synthesis of macromolecules contraction of muscle cells All of the answer choices are functions of ATP within the cell. | All of the answer choices are functions of ATP within the cell. |
| Upon examination, a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA. All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus. Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell in? | G2 phase |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the inside and outside of the plasma membrane? | Both the inside and outside layers make up the phospholipid bilayer but cytoskeletal filaments are present on the inside layer and carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and proteins are present on the outside layer. |
| When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents | the cell from bursting. |
| You are examining a cell under the microscope that is undergoing cell division and cannot find any asters. What else would not be present in this cell? | a cleavage furrow |
| Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle? | S-G2-M-G1 |
| Which of the following are genetically identical? | sister chromatids |
| You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at? | anaphase I |
| How can marine animals such as sharks live in salt water? | They increase or decrease the amount of urea in their blood until the blood is isotonic with the environment. |
| Without considering the variation provided by crossing-over, how much will two siblings from one set of parents vary from each other? | Siblings inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent and therefore vary widely from each other. |
| Proteins do NOT pass through cell membranes because | they are very large molecules. |
| Kidney dialysis relies on diffusion of various dissolved waste molecules (solutes) across a non-living semipermeable membrane. If the concentration of solutes in the blood increases over time before dialysis is administered, what will happen to the rate of dialysis when it occurs? | The rate will speed up since the concentration gradient is higher. |
| Which components of a cell membrane are used for cell-to-cell recognition? | glycoproteins |
| How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells? | The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells. |
| The definition of osmosis is the | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Which is NOT a correct association? | mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half |
| What lines up at the metaphase plate during metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis? | each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids at both |
| A differentially permeable membrane separates a molasses solution from distilled water. Over time, the | molasses will become more dilute. |
| Growth factors that are transported through the blood play what role in the cell cycle? | an external signal to tell the cell whether or not to divide |
| The genes that code for the proteins of the signaling pathway could be classified as | proto-oncogenes. |
| What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes? | They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end. |
| A student sitting on the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One by one (beginning from the back of the room) the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomena was due to | diffusion. |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves all of the following EXCEPT | secretion of materials from a cell. |
| Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the cell cycle? | caspases |
| In the emergency room, saline solutions are often run into a person's vein. The saline solution must be | 0.9% NaCl. |
| Which of the following refers to materials only leaving the cell? | exocytosis |
| When blood supplies oxygen and food to a cell surface and these molecules diffuse across, we might expect some "resting time." However, if we inspected most cell membranes in a living human body, we would find a nearly continuous flow of substances back-and-forth across the plasma membrane. Which of the following is not a reason why? | Cells are living entities and in order to live can never “rest.” |
| We presume that meiosis evolved later than mitosis. What process would not have to evolve in cells undergoing meiosis in order to make this transition? | a method of lining up single chromosomes along the metaphase plate |
| The mitotic stage of cell division consists of | mitosis and cytokinesis. |
| If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will be | six chromosomes in each daughter cell. |
| In the Malpighian tubules of an insect (blind, threadlike excretory tubule attached to the gut of an insect), salt molecules are actively transferred from body fluids to the inside of the tubule. Which of the following is NOT true? | The tubules have the same tonicity as the body fluids. |
| During crossing-over, | chromatids exchange segments of genetic material. |
| What forms the contractile ring in animal cells? | actin filaments |
| In the new procedures developed to clone a mammalian cell, the nucleus is removed from an egg cell and the nucleus from the adult to be cloned is injected inside this cell. If we did this process with a basketball, we would permanently damage the shell. What property of the cell repairs this damage? | the fluid-mosaic nature of the membrane |
| If the diploid chromosome number is 16, the chromosome number of each gamete will be | 8 |
| When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed | active transport. |
| Which is a correct association of protein types? | enzymatic proteins-carry out metabolic reactions directly |
| Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of | chromatin. |
| Osmosis can occur when a membrane is | semipermeable. |
| What lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis? | homologous chromosomes for meiosis, each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids for mitosis |
| Which of the following is not true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle? | The first checkpoint is located in the S phase of interphase. |
| Which intercellular junction allows for the rapid movement of small molecules or ions to flow from one animal cell to the next? | gap junctions |
| Which of the following is not a reason why two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) are unlikely to have the same genetic makeup? | Since they are produced at different times, all sperm will be genetically different from all other sperm. |
| What two components are commonly found in the extracellular matrix that help resist stretching and provide resilience? | proteins and polysaccharides |
| Of the following conditions, which is absolutely necessary for diffusion to take place? | a concentration difference |
| During what stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other? | anaphase II |
| During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate? | interphase |
| A cell is placed in a solution of large nutrient molecules tagged with a red dye. Soon the cell is dark red, showing a concentration of the nutrient much higher than the external solution. We add a reagent that blocks the use of ATP. What result would you expect from this experiment? | The color will remain the same since all future transfer will stop. |
| During which phase will homologous chromosomes separate? | anaphase I |
| A semipermeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. What will happen? | Water will enter the sac and it will swell. |
| An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell | is the same as inside the cell. |
| What phase(s) of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH + H+? | glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle |
| Heat is not a form of energy. True or False | False |
| The final products of glycolysis are | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH + H+. |
| The energy difference between the reactant glucose and oxygen molecules and the product water and carbon dioxide is 686 kilocalories, yet the 36 ATP molecules produced are only storing 263 kilocalories in their outermost phosphate bond. The rest of the energy went | to provide heat that is soon lost from the organism. |
| There is a net gain of four ATPs as a result of glycolysis. True or False | False |
| Why does FADH2 result in fewer ATP than NADH + H+? | FADH2 drops its electrons off lower on the electron transport chain. |
| Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration? | on dioxide and water |
| Fermentation is the process that allows bread to rise. True or False | True |
| In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind? | to the enzyme of the first reaction |
| The reason an increase in substrate concentration will not increase the reaction rate indefinitely is because | the active site will become saturated with substrate and the enzyme will not be able to go any faster. |
| While eating a container of yogurt, you have to leave, so you store the yogurt in the refrigerator. A day later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no longer smooth but has broken into several liquified products. You correctly guess that enzymes from your saliva, via the spoon, have continued digesting the yogurt in your absence. What will happen over time? | As long as the enzyme is not denatured by environmental conditions, the reaction will continue until all of the substrate is used up. |
| Enzymes, coenzymes, and cofactors provide a mechanism for a cell to regulate the metabolism of a large amount of cell products using small quantities of chemicals. True or False | True |
| Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true? | Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules. |
| Why is fermentation essential to humans? | It is essential when we need a rapid burst of energy. |
| A forest contains vegetation that is in constant battle with the many insect caterpillars that eat the vegetation. Which of the following strategies would not be a driving force in this evolutionary battle? | The caterpillars are selected that eat the least leaf material. |
| If A has a free energy of 38 units, and C has a free energy of 45 units, and the reaction is exergonic, based on the calculation of free energy, which is the substrate and which is the product? | C is the substrate and A is the product. |
| Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violates | the second law of thermodynamics. |
| Muscles undergo fermentation when | no oxygen is available. |
| Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP, NADH2, and carbon dioxide? | citric acid cycle |
| The metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration | both involve oxidation and reduction reactions. |
| When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the organization that exists outside the living cell, | entropy has decreased. |
| What is a metabolic reaction called that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide energy for a second reaction that requires energy? | a coupled reaction |
| Enzymes maintain their same shape when they bind to a substrate. True or False | False |
| Which is true about energy of activation? | Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation. |
| While science cannot describe "thinking" in physical terms, we are certain that the process involves metabolism inside brain cells. With positron emission tomography (PET scan), it is possible to inject short-lived isotopes and image the regions of the brain that have the most active metabolism during various mental activities. However, | the cellular energy expended in thinking must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells. |
| Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics? | Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. |
| All of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power its muscles. True or False | False |
| Which energy association is correct? | Kinetic energy is energy of motion. |
| The citric acid cycle turns once for each original glucose molecule. True or False | False |
| Which of the following molecules is NOT an enzyme? | lactose |
| What are the correct outputs, during the citric acid cycle, from one molecule of glucose? | 6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2 |
| How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose via cellular respiration? | 39% |
| The carriers of the electron transport chain are located | on the cristae of the mitochondria. |
| The number of ATPs produced directly as a result of one turn of the citric acid cycle is | 1 |
| Cellular respiration involves all of the following except | breathing in and out. |
| Because the inside of a cell is more organized than the outside, the inside of the cell has increased entropy. True or False | False |
| Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. What phase(s) of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water? | glycolysis and electron transport chain |
| The function of an enzyme is to | increase the rate of a metabolic reaction. |
| The term "metabolism" refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. True or False | True |
| Where does the preparatory reaction take place within the cell? | mitochondrial matrix |
| The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what? | oxidation |
| Since enzymes are not used up during a reaction, they do not play any role in the reaction. True or False | False |
| If an enzymatic reaction was controlled by feedback inhibition, we would expect it to stop | as soon as a critical level of end product builds up. |
| Pyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose. True or False | True |
| The amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred is called | free energy. |
| The ATP synthase complex is located in the | cristae of the mitochondria. |
| Why do organisms without oxygen need to convert pyruvate to lactate? | in order to regenerate NAD+ |
| Fermentation is inefficient in using the energy found in food molecules and the resulting alcohol can be toxic to the organism producing it. Which of the following is not a reason why an organism would utilize fermentation? | Fermentation is the preferred process, even when oxygen is available. |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true? | The citric acid cycle begins and ends with pyruvate. |
| A piece of meat and a piece of fruit are fed to both a lizard and a person. The extent to which these foods are digested by digestive enzymes along these two gastrointestinal tracts varies. Which of the following is not a reason for the variation in digestion? | the amount of protein in the meat and fruit |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.