112101
Description
Flashcards by sammi_taylor01, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sammi_taylor01
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all example of.. | polysaccharides, therefore carbohydrates |
| Where is starch found and as what? | Starch is found in plants as small grains. |
| Why is starch important? | It forms an important component of food and is a major energy source for most diets. |
| What is starch made up of? How are these joined? | alpha glucose monomers, joined by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction. |
| How is starch adapted for being inside the cell? | It's an unbranched chain that is highly coiled and very compact. This allows for a large volume to be stored in a small place. |
| Some facts of starch include.. | It's insoluble, therefore has no effect on water potential/osmosis. As it is insoluble, it does not easily diffuse out of cells. It can be broken down via hydrolysis into alpha-glucose. |
| Why is starch being broken down into alpha glucose an advantage? | It is more easily transported round the body and used for respiration. |
| Name a polysaccharide that is always found in animal cells? | Glycogen |
| Glycogen is similar in structure to starch but.. | has shorter chains that are more branched. |
| Where is glycogen stored in and how is it stored in animals? | Stored as small granules mainly in the muscle and liver. |
| Due to glycogen having shorter chains than starch, it means.. | it's more readily hydrolysed into alpha glucose. |
| What monomer is cellulose made out of? | Beta glucose. |
| Where is cellulose found? | In plant cell walls providing rigidity for the cell. |
| What is unique to cellulose? | In order for the beta glucose to form glycosidic links, it must be rotated 180degrees compared to its neighbour. |
| How would you describe cellulose's chain? | straight an unbranched. |
| What type of bonds are in cellulose and how? | hydrogen bonds, form cross-linkages between the adjacent chains. The sheer number of hydrogen bonds adds to the strength of the molecule. |
| What does the cellulose cell wall prevent within the cell? | Prevents the cell from bursting as it takes up water via osmosis. |
| What does the cellulose cell wall cause the plant cells to be? | turgid, pushing against one another so it becomes semi-rigid. |
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