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| Question | Answer |
| what is adjusted calcium? | its what the serum total calcium would have been if a patients albumin levels had been normal and not low. to calculate - Ca(adj) = Ca(total) + [0.02(45-alb)] |
| distribution of serum calcium? | Free - 47%, albumin bound - 47% complex - 6% |
| main organs involved in Calcium Homeostasis? | kidney, gut, bone, parathyroid glands |
| main hormones involved in Calcium homeostasis? | Parathyroid hormone, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol, active Vit D) |
| where does calcium absorption take place? and what is it controlled by? | mainly in duodenum and jejunum. if passive diffusion - depends on luminal Ca levels and is unaffected by 1,25 DHCC, if active absorption - controlled by 1,25 DHCC. proportion absorbed can vary from 20-60% |
| what does parathyroid hormone do? | increases blood Ca levels if theres a decrease. stimulates renal tubular reabsorption, promotes bone resorption & stimulates formation of 1,25 DHCC in kidney to enhance Ca absorption from gut. |
| main organs involved in phosphate homeostasis? | kidney, gut, bone |
| main hormones involved in phosphate homeostasis? | parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 1,25 dihydroxyvitamn D (1,25 DHCC) |
| do PTH and FGF23 promote or inhibit reabsorption of phosphate? | INHIBIT reabsorption of phosphate by the renal tubule and promote loss of it in the urine (phosphaturic) |
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