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Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Conservationism | A movement that aims at conserving the environment. |
| An instrumentalist view | A view which sees resources as being there to be used. |
| Shallow ecology | Another term for Conservationism |
| Deep ecology | Sees all species as having intrinsic value. |
| The Gaia hypothesis | The notion that the Earth itself can be understood as a massive biological organism which acts intelligently to preserve life. |
| James Lovelock (1919- ) | Creator of the Gaia hypothesis |
| Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) | Mainly famous for A Sand County Almanac (1949) which advocates a ‘land ethic’, or a responsible relationship between people and the land they inhabit |
| Arne Næss (1912-2009) | Norwegian Professor of Philosophy and environmentalist who claimed that Conservation is a superficial approach to environmental problems. |
| ‘Ecosophy’ | Næss’s view that all living things – not just animals, but plants and bacteria too – have rights. |
| St Augustine (354- 430 CE) | Held that animals are not rational, and since rational beings should rule irrational beings, humans should rule animals. |
| St Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274 | Held a similar position: animals exist to serve humans, because God created the universe as a hierarchy: Himself at the top and humans well above animals. |
| Andrew Linzey | Says humans should treat all animals in relation to their intrinsic God-given worth. |
| Stewardship | The Christian belief that we should look after the planet on God’s behalf because He commissioned us to do so. |
| Milton Friedman (1912-2006) | Wrote the 1970 essay, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits: |
| Communism | A movement that believes only the abolition of capitalism/ business will solve the problems of humanity. |
| Stakeholders | People whose interests the business directly affects. |
| Shareholders/ stockholders | People who hold shares or stocks, certificates entitling them to part ownership of the business. |
| The Advertising Standards Authority | A regulatory body that applies the rules businesses must observe in the UK in advertising (although it doesn’t write them). |
| Positive Discrimination/ affirmative action | Discrimination in favour of a person, usually justified as countering the effects of a history of discrimination against the group to which he/ she belongs. |
| A whistleblower | Someone who informs on his own company for dishonest or illegal practices |
| ‘Gagging order’ | A contractual agreement whereby an employee is retired with a large sum of money in return for an agreement to remain silent about shady dealings. |
| Kyoto Conference on Climate Change in 1998 | A global conference in Japan that aimed to reduce the world’s greenhouse emissions. |
| Globalisation | The process whereby the world’s economies have become ever more integrated, with trade barriers coming down to facilitate the movement of goods, services and labour between countries with increasing ease. |
| Naomi Klein’s "The Shock Doctrine 2007" | A book that purported to show how Western businesses have taken advantage of developing world crises to ‘open up’ markets and transfer wealth to the already wealthy. |
| Paul Krugman (1953-) | A Nobel Prize winning economist who admits that globalisation can look like a bad thing, but thinks its opponents often make things worse. |
| The Ferengi | A fictional race of business people (in Star Trek: The Next Generation), driven by a biological desire for financial profit. |
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