Olympia

Question	Answer
What type of sanctuary ?	Panhellenic (All Greek) People from all over Greece and its colonies would congregate here
When were the Olympic Games established?	776 BC
Locate?	Western Tripoli, large Greek Island
when did it change?	8th C BC changed from local to inter-state under the people of Elis
What indicates this change?	An increase of votive offerings
Why was the temple of Zeus built?	After a victory over the persians, spoils of a war between Elis and Pisa were used to promote feelings of unity and self-confidence
What mountain is to the north of the site?	Mount Kronos
WHat is shown at the east pediment?	Chariot race between Peleus and Oinomaos
What is at the West Pedament	Battle of centaurs and Lapiths
What are on the metopes?	Labours of Herakles
What is the order of the sculptures?	Hippodameia, Pelops, Zeus, Oinomaos, Sterope
Who is Oinomaos and what does he represent?	King of Pisa, represents the recent local defeat over Pisa
What does the pediment explain?	The origins of chaariot racing
What is 1 moral message?	Highlights the heroism of athletes
What is moral message 2?	The perils of cheating, a reminder from Zeus of the oath that the athletes make in the Boulaterion
Why is it relevant to cheating?	Bronze statues of Zeus were along the path leading to the building where fines for cheating were paid
Who is the central figure on the West pediment in both interpretations?	Apollo
Who are either side of Apollo in Interpretation A?	Peirithous and Theseus
What does it show? (A)	Battle of Centaurs and Lapiths at the wedding of Peirithous
Who are either side of Apollo in interpretation B?	Herakles and Iolaos
Theme if interpretation A matches East pediment?	Family ties as Zeus is the father of Perithous
Theme if interpretation B matches east pediment?	locality as Herakles mirrors pelops. And athleticism/heroism
Common themes of both A and B?	Sanctity of marriage and civilisation over barbarism
Where are the metopes located?	Beneath the pediments- separate friezes
One of the main themes?	Labours of hercules, one on each metope
Meaning?	Son of Zeus and Panhellenic representation of the ultimate hero. Founder of the olympic games and supreme athlete.
What events would have taken place at the Olympic games?	Discus, Running, wrestling, Javelin and long jump
What does the statue of Nike of Paionios represent?	The victory of the Messenians over Spartans at Sphakteria in 425 BC
Why is the literary evidence not very reliable?	Pausanias' recounts were in 2nd C AD
Statue of Zeus, who and when?	Pheidas, 430s BC
What is he holding?	Statue of Nike and a sceptre
What is the significance of how Herakles looks on the metopes?	Naked- athlete and god, and wearing a Chitoniskos- warrior attire

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	Created by Ellen Somers over 8 years ago