121733
Description
Flashcards by jacksearle, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by jacksearle
almost 11 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| Structural Isomers | Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural Formula |
| Stereo Isomers | Compounds with same structural formula but different arrangement in space |
| When can E/Z isomerism occur | - Restricted rotation around C=C bond -When each Carbon atom on C=C bond has 2 different groups of atoms bonded to it |
| E/Z Isomers | E - Opposite Z- together |
| Homolytic Fission | Breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each bonded atom to form 2 radicals |
| Heterolytic Fission | Breaking of a covalent bond with bond bonded electrons going to one of the bonded atoms to form to ions |
| Electrophile | Electron Pair Acceptor |
| Nucleophile | Electron Pair Donator |
| Radical | Species with an unpaired electron |
| Percentage yield | Actual Amount/Predicted amount x100 |
| Atom Economy | Sum of Mr of desired products/Sum of Mr of all products x100 |
| Hydrocarbon | An organic compound consisting of Hydrogen and Carbon only |
| Alkane | Saturated Hydrocarbon homologous series with General Formula Cn H2n+2 |
| Saturated | C-C single bonds only |
| Fractional Distillation | Separation of components in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point by means of distillation |
| Catalytic Cracking | The breaking down of a long chain alkane to form a new alkene and a new alkane which are more useful products |
| Complete combustion | reacts completely with oxygen under standard conditions to form CO2 And H2O |
| Incomplete Combustion | When a compound reacts incompletely with oxygen to form CO and H2O |
| Non-Renewable | Used up quicker than it's made |
| Biodiesel | A fuel made up of completely renewable plant based material |
| Initiation | First step in radical substitution, breaking of a bond via homolytic fission that creates 2 radicals |
| Propagation | Two steps were Radicals are used up and then re-generated |
| Termination | Two radicals join together to make one product |
| Alkenes | Homologous series with general formula Cn H2n |
| Unsaturated | contains C=C double bonds |
| Pi Bond | Formed from sideways overlap of p-orbitals |
| Addition reaction | A reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to form a saturated molecule |
| Polymer | Long molecular chain built from small monomer units |
| Monomer | A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer |
| Biodegradable | Material that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms |
| Non biodegradable | Not broken down naturally |
| Volatility | The ease with which a liquid turns into a gas |
| Esterification | alcohol + carboxylic acid --> ester + water |
| Elimination | The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule |
| Elimination | The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule |
| Hydrolysis | A reaction with water or Aqueous Hydroxide ions that breaks a compound down into two compounds |
| Exothermic | More energy given out during bond making than is taken in during bond breaking |
| Endothermic | More energy is taken in during bond breaking than is given out during bond making |
| Activation Energy | Minimum energy required to start a reaction via the breaking of bonds |
| Standard Conditions | 100kPa 298K conc of 1moldm-3 |
| Enthalpy change of a reaction | The enthalpy change that accompanies a reaction in the molar quantities shown in the chemical equation under standard conditions etc |
| enthalpy change of formation | enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from it's constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions |
| Enthalpy change of combustion | Enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a substance reacts completely with oxygen under standard conditions, all reactants/products in standard states |
| Average bond enthalpy | Average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission one mole of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species |
| Hess' law | If a reaction can take place by more than one route, then the enthalpy change is the same for all routes |
| Catalyst | Substance that speeds up rate without being used up |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | Equilibrium in a closed system when rate of forward=rate of reverse |
| Le Chatelier's | when a reaction in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a change, the equilibrium will shift to minimise that change |
| Greenhouse Effect | Process in which the absorption and emission of IR radiation by atmospheric gases warms the planet |
| Greenhouse Gases | CO2 H2O METHANE |
| Empirical Formula | The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound |
| Molecular Formula | The number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| General Formula | Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series |
| Structural Formula | Formula showing the minimal detail for arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| Skeletal Formula | Simplified organic formula, Hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton with associated functional groups |
| Homologous series | A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each but with each successive member differing by CH2 |
| Functional Group | A group of atoms responsible for a compounds chemical reactions |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.