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Description
Flashcards by Emily Bevis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Bevis
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Examples of INTEREST PGs | - British Medical Association (BMA) - National Union of Teachers (NUT) - Confederation of British Industry (CBI) - Trades Union Congress (TUC) - Trade Unions, Business corporations, Professional bodies |
| Examples of CAUSE PGs | - Amnesty International - Protection of Birds (RSPB) - Electoral Reform Society - Environmental = Greenpeace, Countryside Alliance, WWF |
| Examples of INSIDER PGs | - CBI - MENCAP (learning disabilities) - BMA (British Medical association) - RSPB (birds/wildlife) - Age UK - Greenpeace (despite outsider tactics) - Trade Unions = National Farmers Union (NFU), National Union of Teachers (NUT) |
| Recent PRESSURE GROUP examples | - 2016, Junior Doctors March = BMA involvement in protest = successfully as put pressure of Jeremy Hunt to fulfil aims - 2016, EU Movement = urge May to allow UK nationals to stay in country after Brexit - 2010, Student Riots = student unions protest against rise in uni prices - 30,000 protesters, police use tear gas as too violent = 14 officers injured - Same again in 2015 but much less violent - Women's Rights March = peaceful promotion of female rights/equality - 2011/2012 Occupy London movement |
| Greenpeace | - Insider cause group - Controversial campaign tactics = expected to have outsider status - 2012 = shut down 74 Shell petrol stations to protest against arctic oil drilling - 2013 = scale the Shard to campaign against corporative abuse of Arctic - International success in stopping commercial whale hunting - 2018 = influence Gov in policy against microbes waste in oceans |
| Examples of OUTSIDER PGs | - Fathers4Justice = dressed as Batman/Robyn climb the Buckingham Palace - civil disobedience - Plane Stupid = protest the new planned runway at Heathrow airport, 2008 - English Defence League (EDL) - with views against spread of Islam which not inline with public opinion - Trade Unions in 1980s under Thatcher due to ideology differences - Newchurch Guinea Pigs = 2006 extremists jailed after death threats and removal of dead relatives from grave |
| Polices directly and successfully influenced by Pressure Groups | - Hunting Act, 2004 = influenced by 'League Against Cruel Sports' = X hunting with dogs (but little reduction in no. of foxes hurt) - Firearms Act, 1997 = result of PGs anger after 1966 school shooting - Smoking in public places, 2006 = BMA specialism in UK Health Select Committee suggested smoking ban = advice followed - 2012 Health and Social Care Act = BMA - 2017 Countryside Alliance = May added legalisation of Fox hunting to conservative manifesto |
| What is a social movement? | - PGs can be PART OF a social movement - Bigger than individual PGs - Long term campaigns which encompass variety of issues - e.g. Feminist movement = workplace rights, gay rights, voting, pay etc. - Designed to bring widespread social improvements - Less clear organisational structure |
| Examples of New Social Movements | - People's Fuel Lobby (2000) = blockaded fuel/oil depots = SUCCESS as Gov reluctant to raise prices - Make Poverty History (2005) - Anti-Iraq Protest March (2003) = 1-2 million marchers but UN-SECCESSFUL - Pride/LGBTQ movement = every year millions unite in the Pride marches across country/world - London 2017 = almost a million join parade - 2017 Stop Trump protest movement = managed to delay his visit due to embassy protests but scheduled to visit summer 2018 - 2018 = 'Save our NHS' = mass demonstrations |
| Examples of civil disobedience | - People Fuel Blockade (2000) - Occupy London (2011-12) = protests/camping on St Paul's Cathedral steps against current state of democracy - Fathers4Justice scaling Palace walls (2004) - Plane Stupid (2008) protest on runways in stansted airport and (2017) chain selves to plane to stop removal of asylum seekers - Greenpeace (2013) = protesters climb the Shard in honour of the Save the artic movement. - NOT ALWAYS VIOLENT AND THREATENING |
| How did PG 'Equality Now' benefit from media support in 2014? | - Equality Now PG advocate for female rights = petition - The Guardian Newspaper supported and publicised campaign - Consequently = 250,000 signatures and Gove promised to work with schools to be pro-active in policy area + educate young girls - In support of PMB 'Female Genital Mutilation' (2003) |
| Fathers4Justice | - Despite claimed 30,000 members = no significant policy changes - Campaign in favour of fathers position in eyes of law = imp. message - Outsider status - Civil disobedience - scale Buckingham Palace and throw purple powered at Blair during PMQs (2004) - Public see campaign as immature + wasting police time + taxpayer money |
| CBI | - Confederation of British Industry - Insider status - Represents 200,000 UK businesses - Taken seriously as high proportion of electorate and :) resources - PMs and Chancellors = often attend meetings and dinners - 2015 Osbornes budget lowered corporation tax to 18% = result of CBI influence? - Pose potential threat to gov if interests to listened to ? |
| BMA | - British Medical Association - Insider status = Sectional PG - Offer essential specialist knowledge to Gov on policies concerning healthcare - 2006, Smoking Ban = BMA suggestion in UK Health Select committee - Good/well financed resources - Represent 65% of all British Doctors = significant proportion of electorate - 160,000 members - Supported Junior Doctors strike 2016 = successful as new protections in place - 2012 Health and Social Care Act |
| How did PG 'Liberty' use legal action in 2016? | Brought case to EU Court challenging the legality of the Date Retention Act of 2014 as argued was against HRA. BUT ruling was delayed until after result of 2016 referendum. |
| Importance of the 'Snowdrop Campaign' | - Response to tragic events of 1996 Scottish school shooting - Highlighted importance of PUBLIC SUPPORT in PG success - Pressure on gov to put total ban on private ownership of handguns |
| TUC | - Trade Union Congress - Insider status - Umbrella group as represent number of different union members = teachers, farmers, students etc - 52 unions - 5.8 million workers - Particular partnership with Lab gov - BUT Thatcher = reduce union influence in 1980s as believe too powerful |
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