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Description
Flashcards by Israa Khan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Israa Khan
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Types of cells | There are 2 types of cells: 1. Eukaryotes 2. Prokaryotes |
| Prokaryotes | Prokaryotic cells are: 1. small, simple cells. 2. have cytoplasm, a cell membrane and a cell wall. 3. have a genetic material, DNA, called plasmids. 4. they don't contain a nucleus. |
| Eukaryotes | Eukaryotic cells are: 1. complex cells 2. have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in the nucleus. 3. are found in animals, plants, fungi (e.g. toadstools, yeast and moulds) and protists (e.g. amoeba) 4. contain membrane-bound structures called organelles, where specific functions are carried out. |
| Parts of a Plant Cell | 1. Nucleus 2. Cytoplasm 3. Cell Membrane 4. Mitochondria 5. Ribosomes 6. Cell Walls 7. Permanent Vacuole 8. Chloroplasts |
| Parts of an Animal Cell | 1. Nucleus 2. Cytoplasm 3. Cell Membrane 4. Mitochondria 5. Ribosomes |
| Parts of a Bacteria Cell | 1. Cytoplasm 2. Cell Membrane 3. Cell Wall 4. Plasmids 5. DNA |
| Parts of a Sperm Cell | 1. Acrosome 2. Mitochondria 3. Haploid Nucleus 4. End Piece |
| Function of the Nucleus | It contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell. |
| Function of the Cytoplasm | It is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control chemical reactions. |
| Functions of the Cell Membrane | It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out . |
| Functions of the Mitochondria | These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work. |
| Functions of the Ribosomes | These are where proteins are made in the cells. |
| Functions of a Cell Wall | It is made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it. |
| Functions of the Permanent Vacuole | This contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. |
| Functions of the Chloroplasts | These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. |
| Functions of plasmids | This is a small ring of DNA. |
| Different Specialised Animal Cells | - Sperm Cells - Nerve Cells - Muscle Cells |
| Different Specialised Plant Cells | - Root Hair Cells - Xylem - Phloem |
| Sperm Cells (1) | They are Adapted for swimming in the female reproductive system - mitochondria in the neck release energy for swimming. |
| Sperm Cells (2) | They are also adapted for carrying out fertilisation with an egg cell - the acrosome contains enzymes for digestion of the ovum's outer protective cells at fertilisation. |
| Nerve Cells | They have long, slender extensions called axons that carry nerve impulses. |
| Muscle Cells | They are able to contract (shorten) to bring about the movement of limbs. |
| Root Hair Cells | They have tiny, hair-like extensions. These are to increase the surface area of roots to help with the absorption of water and minerals. |
| Xylem | They are long, thin, hollow cells. Their shape helps with the transport of water through the stem, roots and leaves. |
| Phloem | They are long, thin cells with pores in the end walls. Their structure helps the cell sap move from one phloem cell to the next. |
| Cell Specialisation/ Differentiation | Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body. |
| Haploid Nucleus | Nucleus with a half chromosome set. |
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