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Flashcards

Bio Exam 1

Jessica Kim English 106 cards

Bio Exam 1

Cards in this deck (106)

  1. 1Common characteristics of living organisms1) maintain homeostasis
    2) evolve
    3) reproduce itself or with another; develops
    4) requires energy to function
  2. 2What is the structure of an atom?Enter text here...What is the structure of an atom?
  3. 3What is the Atomic Number?Number of Protons
  4. 4How do you determine the Atomic Mass?(# of Neutrons) + (# of Protons)
  5. 5How do you determine the ionic charge?(-e) - (P)
  6. 6How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?(Atomic #) - (Atomic Mass)
  7. 7What is a Nonpolar covalent bond?A chemical bond where two atoms share two electrons equally; VERY STRONG
  8. 8What is a polar covalent bond?A chemical bond where a pair of electron unequally share two electrons; one atom has a stronger pull
  9. 9ElectronegativityThe ability of an atom to attract shared electrons
  10. 10What is a Covalent Bond?A bond formed by two atoms sharing an electron
  11. 11What is polarity?The separation of charges
  12. 12What is an ionic bond?Two atoms that are attracted to one another create an ionic bond. Energy is required to keep them apart to create minimum energy; attraction of opposite charges ions
  13. 13What is an electrostatic interaction?The attractive or repulsive forces between objects having charges
  14. 14What is the Van der Waal’s forces?A weak short range electrostatic attraction between two uncharged molecules
  15. 15ElementCannot be broken down by chemical means into any other substance
  16. 16IsotopesVariations in number of electrons
  17. 17Radioactive IsotopesUnstable atoms that emit radioactive energy as they break down into stable forms
  18. 18MoleculesThe way atoms are arranged
  19. 19CompoundsTwo or more elements
  20. 20Electron ShellThe place where electrons are located
  21. 21BondingFills vacancies in an election she’ll
  22. 22What is the interaction between hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic (polar) bonds?Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar and have long strands of carbon that do not interact with water molecules because of the Van der Waals forces both charges are weak and are non charged molecules
  23. 23Hydrophilic MoleculeHydrophilic molecules are either charged or polar they don’t loose an electron but shift an electron from one atom to another; attracted to water
  24. 24Hydrophobic MoleculeElectrically neutral and have a non-polar reaction to water; they do not loose or gain electrons nor do they shift electrons
  25. 25Hydrophobic Molecule (reaction between water and oil)Hydrophobic Molecule reaction in water they will separate into distinct layers and the oil and water will not react because both have weak non charged molecules
  26. 26Hydrophilic Molecule (in water and oil)Hydrophilic Molecules (ie sugar) can be dissolved in water
  27. 27What are monomers?They are subunits of repeating biological molecules
  28. 28What is a polymer?Multiple joint monomers
  29. 29What do many amino acid monomers make?Protein Polymer
  30. 30What do glucose monomers make?Complex Carbohydrate Polymer
  31. 31How are biological polymers made?Dehydration Synthesis
  32. 32What is dehydration synthesis?The two atoms combine to form a byproduct and the bond links the two monomers
    ie when hydrogen monomer combine with an hydroxyl it forms water and create a bond
  33. 33What is hydrolysis?It is the opposite of an dehydration synthesis so it breaks the polymers into monomers with the assistance of water; water is used to break the bond
  34. 34What are some organic monomers?1) Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)
    2) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids)
    3) Nucleic Acids (nucleotides)
    4) Proteins (amino acids)
  35. 35What is the monomer for carbohydrates?Monosaccharides
  36. 36What are the monomers for lipids?Glycerol and fatty acids
  37. 37What are the monomers for nucleic acids?Nucleotides
  38. 38What are the monomers for Proteins?Amino Acids
  39. 39What are carbohydrates?They are sugar and starches and store energy
  40. 40What are isomersThey have the same chemical formula but have different structures
  41. 41Can an monosaccharide be an isomer?Yes
  42. 42What is glucose?A common source of energy for living things
  43. 43What is glycolysis?A process which glucose is broken down by a cell
  44. 44What is aerobic respiration?Process in which glucose is broken down further
  45. 45What is starch?Stored by plants to use for energy
  46. 46What is glycogen?Stored by animals for energy
  47. 47What is fructose?An isomer or glucose is a simple sugar found in fruits
  48. 48What is sucrose?Formed from a single glucose and single fructose; disaccharide
  49. 49What is a disaccharide?A sugar that is composed of two monosaccharides
  50. 50What are lipids?Waxes, fats, oils
  51. 51Can lipids be used for energy storage?Yes
  52. 52What is an important component of a cell membrane?Lipids
  53. 53What are the three main types of fatty acids?1) Saturated
    2) Monounsaturated
    3) Polyunsaturated
  54. 54How are they differentiated?By the number of hydrogen atoms present
  55. 55What are saturated fats?They are hydrocarbon molecules that have a hydrogen molecule in every carbon; hydrogenated
  56. 56What are unsaturated fats?They have two carbons that share double or triple bonds and are not completely saturated in hydrogen bonds
  57. 57Which polymer is DNA and RNA made of?They are made from long strands of nucleotide monomer creating a nucleic acid polymer
  58. 58What are examples of Macromolecules?1) Protein
    2) Nucleic Acids
    3) Lipids
    4) Polysaccharides
  59. 59What is a triglyceride?three fatty acids attached to a glycerol
  60. 601st step to the scientific method?Make an observation
  61. 612ndAsk a question
  62. 623rdConduct prior knowledge
  63. 634thFormulate a hypothesis
  64. 645thMake predictions
  65. 656thCollect and formulate data
  66. 667thConduct more prior knowledge
  67. 678thDraw conclusions
  68. 6810thIf not good go back to make an observation otherwise ask a peer to review your findings
  69. 6911thPublish when satisfied
  70. 70Why is the number of sample size important?The findings would be more closer to accurate
  71. 71What is an independent variable?What is being manipulated
  72. 72What is a dependent variable?What is being measured
  73. 73What is the standard variable?The constant for all subjects
  74. 74What is the control?An untreated group for comparison
  75. 75What is a theory?An explanation for a natural phenomenon; proved by tremendous amount of research
  76. 76What is the nucleus?Contains the DNA (blueprints) of the cell
  77. 77What are ribosomes?Reads RNA to creates a chain of amino acids to create proteins
  78. 78What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?Aids processing protein
  79. 79What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?Regulates and release calcium ions and processes toxins
  80. 80What does the golgi complex do?Aids in transport, modifying, and packing proteins, lipids and vesticles
  81. 81What are lysosomes?Aids in digesting worn organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria
  82. 82What are vesticles?Transports proteins out of the cell
  83. 83What is a selectively permeable bilayer?A bilipid layer that allows the active or passive transport of certain molecules or ions
  84. 84What is active transport?Requires the cell to expend energy to move the molecules
  85. 85What is passive transport?Can be done without cellular energy
  86. 86Can any molecule or ion pass through the cell wall?No the molecule or ion has to match or be smaller than the hole in the bilayer
  87. 87How can a larger molecule move into a cell?By forming a vesticle
  88. 88What is phospholipid?A cell membran
  89. 89What is a phospholipid?Are composed of hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail; arranged head out and tail in
  90. 90What is diffusion?The process of water molecules moving from a high water concentration to low through a selectively permeable membrane
  91. 91What is turgid?A shriveled animal cell
  92. 92What is Plasmolysed?When a plant cell shrivels up in the inside of the cell wall
  93. 93What is diffusion?The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient
  94. 94What is concentration gradient?from regions of higher concentrations to regions of lower concentration
  95. 95What is facilitated diffusion?When molecules diffuse via special transport proteins found within the cell membrane
  96. 96What is simple diffusion?One that occurs non assisted
  97. 97What is active transport?One that does not require chemical energy
  98. 98What is endocytosis?A process a cell does to engulf materials from the outside in a plasma membrane called a vacuole
  99. 99What is exocytosis?When a cell pushes particles or materials out
  100. 100What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?Process where a cell absorbs proteins or viruses
  101. 101What is an isotonic solution?one in which the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of the cell.
  102. 102What is hypertonic solution?ne in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it
  103. 103What is hypotonic solution?one where the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it
  104. 104What are enzymes and what do they do?They are usually proteins that spreed up the rate of virtually all chemical reactionsWhat are enzymes and what do they do?
  105. 105What are substrates?Enter text here...What are substrates?
  106. 106What is the active site?Enter text here...What is the active site?

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Flashcards on Bio Exam 1, created by Jessica Kim on 26/02/2018.
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Jessica Kim
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