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| Question | Answer |
| Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) | Authorized by United Nations between Iraq and 34 nations, Operation Desert Storm was name of US land territory. Purpose was to liberate Kuwait |
| Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia, conquered Persian empire, founded Alexandria in Egypt, created massive empire and restored order in Ancient Greece |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | 1473-1543 First astronomer to put sun at center of universe |
| Galileo Galilei | 1564-1642 Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher responsible for birth of modern science |
| Isaac Newton | English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian known for defining gravity and laws of motion |
| John Locke | British Enlightenment writer who influenced Declaration of Independence, US constitution, believed people had right to life, liberty, and property |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president, one of the founding fathers, author of Declaration of Independence, helped with Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Expedition |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Named Florida in 1513 |
| What nations settled in Florida? | English, Spanish, French |
| St. Augustine | Founded by Spanish., came to serve as capitals of British and Spanish colonies of Florida |
| How did Britain use Florida? | Tried to develop it through importation of immigrants for labor |
| When did Spain regain control of Florida? | After Revolutionary War |
| When did Florida become a state? | In 1845, 27th state in America |
| Effects of WWII and Great Depression on Florida | -Before Depression, Florida was intensely developed -Economy was adversely effected by WWII -Is most populous states in the south |
| Geography | Study of Earth's surface, atmosphere, and people |
| Elements of Geography | Location, places and regions, physical systems, human systems, environment and society, uses of geography (6) |
| The World in Spatial Terms | -Location: position on Earth's surface and can be relative or absolute. -Reference organization of people and places on Earth. |
| Places and Regions | Physical characteristics of specific places and how they form and change |
| Physical Systems | Processes that change and shape the Earth |
| Human Systems | People or inhabitants |
| Environment and Society | Relationships and interactions that take place between people and their surroundings |
| Uses of geography | Interpreting the past and present along with planning for the future |
| 3D Maps | Maps that use contour lines that show the rise and fall of the land |
| Cartographer | Mapmaker |
| Prime Meridian | Vertical, imaginary line that divides Earth into eastern and western halves and runs through Greenwich, England |
| Compass Rose | Indicator of 4 main directions and also NE, NW, SE, SW *Often part of the legend |
| Continents | Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia (7) |
| Oceans | Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic (5) |
| Relief Maps | Show the shape of land's surface; provide detail through use of color and contour lines |
| Thematic Maps | Show specific topics or subjects (ex. animal population, climate, etc.) |
| Physical Maps | Show country borders, major cities, bodies of water, and major landforms |
| Regions | Wide-ranging geographic area, usually contains similar physical features or unifying characteristics |
| International Date Line | Where the date officially changes each day |
| Demography | Branch of science concerned with the well-being of society; stats study of crime rates, educational levels, etc. |
| Democracy | Government by the people |
| Mayor | -Elected official -Leader of local govt -Works with city council |
| Governor | -Elected official -Leader of state govt -Works with Senate and House of Representatives |
| Legislative Branch | -Congress -Comprised of Senate and House of Representatives -Established by Article 1 |
| Judicial Branch | -Supreme Court -Determines of laws unconstitutional -Established by Article 3 -Led by president-appointed Supreme Court Justice |
| Executive Branch | -Led by President and Vice-President -Leads country and military -Can veto rulings made by Congress -Established by Article II -Foreign Ambassadors are members |
| Secretary of State & National Security Council | Both advise the president on foreign policy matters |
| Magna Carta of 1215 | In England, is considered the first modern document that sought to limit the powers of the governing body |
| US District Courts | -Trial courts, -Each state has 1+ district courts -Hears all federal cases including civil and criminal -94 judicial districts |
| US Court of Appeals | -One court for each of the 12 regional circuits -Hears appeals from courts within its circuit |
| Supreme Court | -Highest court of appeals in US -Consists of 1 chief justice and 8 associate justices appointed by president -Power is judicial review |
| State Courts | Each state has its own independent system of courts that operates under that state's laws. Hear only minor cases and have limited jurisdiction. |
| Electoral College | -AKA College of Electors -Established by Article II -The system for electing US president and vice president -207 electoral votes to win |
| Constitution | Comprised of preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments |
| Articles 1-4 | 1) Legislative (9 sections) 2) Executive (4 sections) 3) Judicial (3 sections) 4) The States (4 sections) |
| Articles 5-7 | 5) Amendments 6) Supreme Law, Oaths of Office and Debts 7) Approving the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | Lays the foundation for the civic rights of citizens in this country and limits the power of the federal government |
| Economics | Science that deals with the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services |
| Economic Principles 1-3 | 1) People choose 2) People's choice involve costs 3) People respond to incentives in predictable ways |
| Economic Principles 4-6 | 4) People create economic systems influence individual choices & incentives 5) People gain when they trade voluntarily 6) People's choices have consequences |
| Capital Resources | Any asset used in the production of goods and services |
| Free Enterprise | Emphasizes private ownership; supply and demand |
| Monopoly | One company or institution having exclusive control of a particular good or service in a market |
| Fiscal Policy | Government spending policies that affect interest rates, tax rates, and government spending; Aid in government control of economy |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation during a specific time frame *Formerly gross national product* |
| Inflation | Persistent, general increase in prices over a period of time |
| Stagflation | High rate of inflation accompanied by rising unemployment |
| Economic Institutions | Organizations created to pursue particular endeavors like banking by financial institutions (Bank, credit union, stock market, Federal Reserve banks) |
| Bank | -Depository, financial institution -Mediates financial transactions and provides other financial services like loans |
| Credit Union | -Depository, financial institution -Provides same services as bank but provides lower interest rates and is owned & operated by its members instead of government |
| Stock Market | -Place where stocks and bonds are exchanged, activity is indicator of state of economy -NY Stock Exchange and NASDAQ are biggest |
| Federal Reserve Banks | -Central bank in US for federal banking systems located in each of the 12 districts -Issues bank notes, lends money, sets national monetary policy |
| Market Economy | Operate on the concepts of supply and demand |
| Graphic Organizers | Help to synthesize and summarize informational text |
| Anticipation Guide (KWL) | Can be used as an instructional aid and assessment tool |
| American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) *aka American War of Independence* | Caused by French & Indian War tensions, original 13 colonies wanted self-governing ind. states and they fought the British. ended with signing Treaty of Paris |
| Declaration of Independence (1776) | By Thomas Jefferson, establishes why colonies sought freedom from British. Laid foundation for new govt and severed ties from Great Britain |
| Industrial Revolution (1830s) | Transition from manual labor to use of machines; especially in creating textiles, iron, and stem |
| Civil War (1861-1865) | Between North (Union) and South (Confederacy), 11 states wanted out of union. Ended slavery with Emancipation Proc., restored Union, and strengthened role of federal govt |
| Westward Expansion (1807-1912) | After War of 1812, explorers settled in the west and drove Native Americans off the land and formed the 48 contiguous states |
| World War 1 | Between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Allied and Central Powers, Allied powers won *1914-1918* |
| Allied Powers | AKA Entente Powers Russia, UK, France, Canada, Australia, Italy, Japan, Portugal, US |
| Central Powers | German Empire, Austrian-Hungarian Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) |
| World War 2 (1939-1945) | Allies vs. Axis (Allies won) USSR and US emerged as superpowers, led to Cold War (45 years long) and creation of The United Nations to prevent future conflict |
| Allies | AKA Leaders Great Britain, US, Russia, Free France, China |
| Axis Powers | AKA Leaders Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Korean War (1950-1953) | Division of Korea due to WWII, US tried to help. Ended with a peace treaty and Korea remaining divided |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Voided Jim Crow laws in southern states and prohibited racial discrimination, ended 100-year quest of African Americans desiring equality |
| Vietnam War (US involved 1959-1975) | Vietnam divided, US helped non-communist south, but congress passed Case-Church Amendment and N. Korea captured S. Korea capital to begin reunified communist Korea |
| Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) | Believed Earth round, discovered lots of Western Hemisphere for Spanish English, and French for economic and political development in Central & South America, Bahamas, Cuba, etc. |
| French and Indian War (1754-1763) | Extension of European Seven Years War, over territory by French & English. French not being influence in N. America and led to Revolutionary War due to Native Americans |
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