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| Question | Answer |
| Process | A series of actions with an end |
| Abrasion | when moraine carried by a glacier rubs against the ice and like sandpaper wears away sides and floor of valley (smooth surface) |
| Freeze-thaw weathering | constant freezing and expansion of cracks on mountains which fill with rainwater |
| Plucking | when rocks on bedrock stick to the ice and get transported when the glacier moves away (jagged surface) |
| Erosion | rock being worn away due to the weather and animals/plants |
| Weathering | the breaking down of rocks by wind, rivers, sea & ice |
| Transportation | the moving of rocks by wind, rivers,sea and ice (conveyor belt) |
| Deposition | putting down rocks by wind, rivers, sea & ice |
| Rotational slip | movement of glacier along a curve |
| Landform | a natural feature of the earth |
| Moraine | small rocks carried and transported by a glacier |
| Corrie | deep armchair-shaped crater on a hillside (often with tarn) |
| Arete | a knife-edged ridge often formed between two corries |
| Pyramidal peak | a sharp-edge mountain peak (formed between three corries) |
| Truncated spur | an eroded interlocking spur characterised by a cliff-like feature |
| Glacial trough/U shaped valley | a wide steep-sided valley floor eroded by a glacier |
| Ribbon lake | long narrow lake on a glacial trough |
| Tarn | a lake in a corrie |
| Hanging valley | a tributary glacial trough perched up on the side of a main valley (often marked by a waterfall) |
| Boulder clay/till | type of glacial deposit where very small particles (clay) are mixed with larger ones (boulders) |
| Sublimation | snow turn directly to water vapour |
| Drumlin | small hill of moraine, thought to be shaped by a second glacier moving over it after original glacier that deposited it retreated |
| Snout | end of glacier |
| Firn | snow that has survived a summer |
| Avalanche | rapid and large fall of snow and rock down a cliff |
| Accumulation | snowfall and avalanche |
| Ablation | snowmelt, calving, sublimation |
| Serac | block of ice |
| Glacier budget | balance between inputs & outputs |
| Equilibrium line | point on a glacier |
| System analysis | inputs, stores, outputs |
| Calving | formation of icebergs |
| Glacier retreat | when ablation is greater than accumulation |
| Glacier advance | when accumulation is greater than advance |
| Crevasse | giant crack in glacier's surface |
| Glacier ice | compacted snow after 100s of years |
| Freeze-thaw weathering | When water gets into rocks cracks and freezes when temperatures go below 0°C. The ice expands and the cracks wide n so pieces of rock eventually break off. |
| Scree | pile of loose rocks - result of freeze-thaw weathering |
| Quaternary - Pleistocene | the geological period between 2 million and 10 000 years ago |
| Interglacial | a period of ice retreated associated with rising temperatures |
| Glacier | a river of ice usually extending downhill from an ice cap and occupying a valley |
| Ice age | a period when there are many glacial periods in a sequence quite close together. A time when ice sheets are found on continents. |
| Ice sheet | a huge mass of ice over 50 000 km² in size |
| Glacial period | a period of ice advance associated with falling temperatures |
| Ice cap | a smaller body of ice usually found in mountainous regions |
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