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Description
Flashcards by Eyrun Mariusdottir, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Eyrun Mariusdottir
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What did Wundt set to study in his lab? | document and describe the nature of human consciousness |
| What is introspection? | First systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations. |
| How did Wundt use introspection? | Him and his coworkers recorded their own conscious thoughts with the aim of breaking them down into their constituent parts |
| What is structuralism | isolating the structure of consciousness |
| How did Wundt and his coworkers make sure their methods were controlled | - All introspections recorded under strictly controlled conditions - Same stimulus used each time - standardised instructions given to participants - |
| How did Wundt separate psychology from experimental philosophy to a science | By conducting controlled and repeatable psychological experiments |
| What criticism did Watson give for introspection | Data was highly subjective as it varied greatly from person to person, so it was impossible to establish general principles |
| What did Watson propose so that the behaviourist approach was born | That private mental processes should not be studied, truly scientific psychology should restrict itself to studying observable and measurable phenomena |
| What did Watson and Skinner introduce to psychology | Language and methods of natural sciences |
| What did the behaviourism approach focus on | scientific processes involved in learning and carefully controlled lab experiments |
| What did Descartes introduce to psychology, and what did it mean. | Cartesian Dualism - mind and body are separate from each other |
| What did Locke propose to psychology and what did it mean | Empiricism - all experiences can be obtained through the senses, human beings inherit neither knowledge nor instincts |
| Name the order that all approaches were established in (9) | 1 - experimental philosophy 2 - introspection 3 - psychodynamic 4 - behaviourism 5 - humanistic 6 - cognitive 7 - social learning theory 8 - biological 9 - cognitive neuroscience |
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