12700503
| Question | Answer |
| What is the general formula for the alcohol homologous series? | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH |
| What are the 3 types of alcohol? | Primary (1°) Secondary (2°) Tertiary (3°) |
| What is the difference in structure between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols? |
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| TRUE OR FALSE: Alcohols are generally polar molecules | TRUE |
| Describe how alcohols are polar molecules |
The electronegative hydroxyl (-OH) group pulls the electrons in the C-O bond away from the carbon atom. The -OH group is also polar:
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| Complete the sentence: The partial ____________ charge on the hydrogen atom in the -OH group can attract the _______ pairs on an oxygen from a neighbouring molecule, forming _______________ bonds. This gives alcohols certain properties. | The partial POSITIVE charge on the hydrogen atom in the -OH group can attract the LONE pairs on an oxygen from a neighbouring molecule, forming HYDROGEN bonds. This gives alcohols certain properties. |
| What are the properties of alcohols? | Soluble in water Relatively low volatility Relatively high boiling points (compared to non-polar compounds of similar sizes, e.g. alkanes) |
| Describe and explain the trend in solubility in water of alcohols | As alcohols increase in size, their solubility in water decreases In larger alcohols, most of the molecule is a non-polar carbon chain, so there's less attraction for the polar H₂O |
| Explain the low volatility of alcohols | Alcohols form hydrogen bonds with each other. This means that they don't evaporate easily into a gas. |
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